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Number 6 / 2024
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UDC 628.161.2:543.317(943.8)
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.01
Raff P. A.
Some aspects of conditioning high-color river waters of the Far North
Summary
Some aspects of water conditioning of the Solza River at the water treatment plant in Severodvinsk are considered with an analysis of the quality of natural water for the period 2020–2023. The results of statistical processing of initial data on the river water quality are presented. The features of the chemical treatment of river water containing a high concentration of organic substances, and with the composition varying in dependence to the season, are considered. Based on statistical processing of the data for the 2020–2024 period in terms of color and permanganate index, the range of the color coefficient variation was determined. In the course of studies, the optimal pH range was established to provide for the minimum concentrations of residual aluminum in purified water.
Key words
chromaticity , iron , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , humic and fulvic acids , colloidal admixtures , organic contaminants , color coefficient , coagulation purification
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UDC 628.161.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.02
Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida
The use of hydrogen peroxide as a chemical in drinking water supply
Summary
The use of hydrogen peroxide for the removal of iron and hydrogen sulfide from natural groundwater is considered in the context of the recommendations of the new edition of CP 31.13330.2021 «SNiP 2.04.02-84*. Water supply. External networks and structures». A brief overview of the available data on the chemical regularities of the iron and hydrogen sulfide oxidation processes, and the factors affecting their behavior is provided. Based on data of the field tests, as well as on the experience of long-term operation of the water treatment facilities in the cities of Novy Urengoy and Noyabrsk, a formula is proposed for calculating the dose of hydrogen peroxide while removing iron from natural groundwater. Recommendations are given for estimating the demand for this oxidizer while removing hydrogen sulfide from natural groundwater. This technology provides for the drinking water of standard quality. The conclusion is drawn that the use of hydrogen peroxide as a chemical is promising for drinking water supply owing to its working efficiency at low pH values, alkalinity, water temperature; process independence from the silicon, carbon dioxide, oxygen concentrations, as well as low cost, low energy intensity and serviceability of the required equipment. It is also recommended to include the proposed formula for calculating the dose of hydrogen peroxide in the recommendations of CP 31.13330.2021 on groundwater de-ironing.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , water treatment , hydrogen sulfide removal , hydrogen peroxide , regulatory guidelines
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UDC 628.165:66.081.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.03
Babenko Kirill, Kagramanov Georgii, Бланко-Педрехон А. М.
Desalination of sea water: trends, experience and development prospects in the Russian Federation
Summary
Fresh water is a limited and unevenly distributed resource. Despite significant fresh water resources, some regions of the Russian Federation experience a shortage of it, which affects the dynamics of the economic development and living standards. This fact requires a revision of the classical approach to the environmental management, in particular, to the extraction of fresh water from sea and brackish waters. The most common desalination technologies are thermal (distillation) and pressure membrane (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) processes. Over the past quarter century, reverse osmosis has become the predominant water desalination technology, accounting for more than 70% of all production capacity in the world. Nevertheless, reverse osmosis has a number of significant limitations, the consideration of which while designing desalination plants is a prerequisite for the subsequent efficient and reliable operation of the facilities. Strict requirements for the quality of source water supplied to reverse osmosis membranes necessitate the use of complex and often multi-stage seawater pretreatment systems. The choice of technical solutions for pre-treatment and «architecture» of reverse osmosis plants is the subject of a comprehensive technical and economic analysis with account of local aspects, including the region of construction, its natural and climatic conditions and available infrastructure. The shortage of water resources and the climatic and oceanological conditions of the coastal regions of the Russian Federation atypical for the global desalination industry make the solution to this optimization problem relevant and appropriate.
Key words
reverse osmosis , desalination , membranes , desalination , sea water , fresh water , distillation , pretreatment
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UDC 628.3:66.081.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.04
Tsabilev O. V.
VSEP membrane technology for glycol regeneration through the example of waste airport de-icing fluids (part 2)
Summary
The results of a series of long-term pilot tests of the VSEP technology for vibromembrane separation of waste contaminated solutions of glycol-containing fluids using nanofiltration membranes are presented. The tests were carried out on the basis of one of the research and production companies located in the Central Federal District of Russia. A mixture of waste contaminated solutions of de-icing fluids collected at large airports during the cold season of the year was used as research liquid. He studies have shown positive results, so the technology can be recommended for industrial application. The separation process is stable, and the quality of the effluent meets the most stringent requirements. A feature of the technology under study is its ease of use, the almost complete elimination of chemicals and the compactness of the equipment, which makes it possible to design local systems for the purification of solutions of glycol-containing liquids.
Key words
nanofiltration membrane , nanofiltration , pilot tests , membrane separation , VSEP technology , concentration polarization
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UDC 628.12
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.05
Sokolov Sergei
Selection of pumping equipment with account of the operation mode
Summary
It is shown that while selecting a pump size, one should take into account the actual load profile, current and future operating modes. The principles for choosing pumping equipment that ensure energy efficiency are given.
Key words
energy efficiency , audit , optimization , pumping system , inspection
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UDC 628.237.2:628.521
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.06
Vasiliak L. M., Sobur Denis
Why is ozone not used in world practice to control odors
from the wastewater disposal system?
Summary
The reasons that limit possible using ozone to remove hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous substances coming from the wastewater treatment facilities and wastewater pumping stations are analyzed. It is shown that one of the main disadvantages is the long time required to remove malodorous substances to the required low concentrations. The main reaction of ozone interacting with hydrogen sulfide is presented, its rate is analyzed, and it is shown that the typical duration of the reaction ranges from tens of minutes to several hours. The difficulties of using ozone to remove hydrogen sulfide, associated with the chemical resistance of the latter, are presented. The ozone concentrations required for the effective cleaning, and the number of ozone molecules consumed to remove one hydrogen sulfide molecule are estimated. Data are provided on the use of ozone to remove volatile organic compounds, including phenol and formaldehyde. Issues related to the disposal of reaction products and safety precautions of ozone use are also discussed.
Key words
ozonization , air cleansing , sewerage treatment facilities , hydrogen sulfide , ozone , odors
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UDC 628.31:661.183.2:622.692.55
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.07
Tsukanova Anzhelika, Glushankova I. S., Farberova Elena, Perevozchikova Elena, Kuz’min Aleksandr
The use of active carbons in wastewater treatment of oil refineries
Summmary
Possible replacing activated carbon made of coconut raw materials with active carbon made of fossil coal is considered using the examples of the KAUSORB and DAUSORB trademarks (produced by Sorbent JSC, Perm) for using in pressure carbon sorption filters for the tertiary treatment of oil-containing wastewater generated in a closed water supply system at oil refineries. The features of using the studied active carbons in carbon sorption filters have been studied. It has been established that activated carbons made of coal-tar raw materials provide for the enhanced removal of organic pollutants from wastewater; herewith, the service life of sorption filters increases by 25–30%.
Key words
wastewater , oil refining industry , activated carbon made of coal-tar raw materials , DAUSORB , activated carbon made of coconut raw materials , KAUSORB , carbon sorption filters
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UDC 6285.355
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.08
Latypova Tat’iana, Zentsov Viacheslav, Lapshakova Irina, Naumov Ivan, Frolov Boris
Study of the imact of chemical plant wastewater on the adaptation of activated sludge at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The impact of diluted wastewater of a chemical plant on the biocenosis of microorganisms in activated sludge at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities is considered. In the course of studies, wastewater of Khimvolokno enterprise in Blagoveshchensk with known pollution concentrations was taken as a basis. Experiments were conducted to examine the impact of industrial wastewater on biological treatment, namely, in what proportions blending this wastewater with no harmful effect on the biocenosis of microorganisms is possible. Observations of the activated sludge show that at 1:50 dilution supplying wastewater with this ratio provides for slower inhibition of microorganisms than when supplying wastewater with a dilution of 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40. This wastewater can supplied to treatment facilities with gradual long-term adaptation of the biocenosis to it.
Key words
activated sludge , wastewater biological treatment , biocenosis , chemical plant
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UDC 697.9
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.09
Vazhdaev Konstantine, Мартяшева В. А., Reziapov Timur, Vasil’eva Tat’iana, Balandina Anna
Performance review and development of measures to improve the efficiency of the ventilation system at JSC Salavatsteklo
Summary
Performance analysis of the exhaust ventilation system of the glass plate production workshop at the Salavatsteklo JSC plant in Salavat city, Republic of Bashkortostan, was carried out. The problems identified in the operation of the exhaust ventilation system are described, and measures to eliminate them have been developed. The air ducts were cleaned of deposits of TOP COAT AX GRAY coating material used for mirror manufacturing. The composition of these contaminants includes flammable resins, that when cooled, form a thick layer of dense sludge. The results of cleaning air ducts and ventilation equipment using modern devices are presented. Herewith, an increase in the energy and environmental efficiency of the exhaust ventilation was noted alongside with the energy resources saving by reducing electricity consumption and concentrations of the harmful compounds in
polluted air.
Key words
cleansing , air flow rate , efficiency , pollutants , exhaust ventilation system , air duct
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