Rimashevskii Fedor

A century and a half for the benefit of the city

Аннотация

Крупнейшее предприятие водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства Республики Беларусь – УП «Минскводоканал» – ведет отсчет своей истории с 1874 г. Именно тогда 12 февраля был открыт первый Минский водопровод.

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UDC 628.161.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.01

Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Sazanova N. I., Davidovich Anastasiia, Vitkovskaia Raisa, Nesterova Tat’iana

Theory and practice of the deferrization and demanganation technology: experience of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation (part 1)

Summary

The paper dwells upon the analysis of methods for removing iron and manganese from groundwater at water treatment facilities with the justification of each stage of the process flow scheme based on the physical and chemical process patterns. Information is presented on the factors effecting the composition of groundwater, on the theoretical foundations of the physical and chemical processes of deferrization and demanganation, and on the technology innovations. An estimation of the efficiency of the operating water treatment facilities in the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation is given. The paper confined to the 150th anniversary of the Minskvodokanal Unitary Enterprise corroborates the cooperation of water utilities of the two neighboring states that have similar geochemical characteristics of the aquifers.

Key words

deferrization , bioreactor , demanganization , catalytic media , contact-sorption and pressure filtration facilities , cavitation unit

UDC 628.3:629.7.058:658.562
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.02

Ivanovich Vadim, Guranchik Aleksandr, Dubovik Ol’ga, Anufriev Vladimir

Automation of the technological processes of wastewater treatment: case study of the Minsk wastewater treatment plant of UE Minskvodokanal

Summary

The experience of UE Minskvodokanal in developing and establishing of automated control systems for the technological process of wastewater treatment is presented using the example of several structures of the Minsk wastewater treatment plant. The goals and tasks performed by the automated process control systems at the plant are described. The structure and operating modes of the implemented systems are presented. The stages of the wastewater treatment process are considered in detail: screening, sand removing and processing, supplying and distributing air across sections of the aeration tanks. As part of the automation of the presented treatment stages, the general design of the automated process control system is described, the operating features, the objects used and automation modes are given. Special attention is paid to the need for simple and reliable control algorithms. The ultimate goal of upgrading the automated process control system of the Minsk wastewater treatment plant is the maximum degree of automation and supervisory control covering the entire technological chain of wastewater and sludge treatment based on the simple and reliable principles.

Key words

wastewater , screens , sand catchers , algorithm of control , SCADA-system , aeration tanks , automation of technological processes , work station

UDC 628.2/.3:006.057
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.03

Danilovich Dmitrii, Frog Dmitrii, Vereshchagina Lidiia

The main revisions proposed in Amendment No. 3 to CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures»

Summary

The main revisions CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. External networks and structures» proposed in Amendment No. 3, developed by the Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences in 2023 are described. The following concepts were introduced: basic technical solutions and requirements for their development, industrial storm sewer systems at industrial enterprises and requirements for their design. The requirements to the existing wastewater disposal systems have been clarified. The revised and extended requirements have been established for the use of one- and two-stage wastewater screening, acidification of primary sludge, biological wastewater treatment methods, UV disinfection of effluents, stabilization and disinfection of wastewater sludge, thermal drying and thermal utilization of sludge. Requirements to the disposal of wastewater sludge have been simplified.

Key words

disinfection , wastewater treatment , sewerage , water disposal , set of rules , sludge treatment , pollutants , estimated flow

UDC 628.2/.4:006.3:349.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.04

Pavlinova I. I., Primin Oleg

Meeting the legislative regulations and rules while designing, building and operating water supply and wastewater disposal systems (for discussion)

Summary

The main aspects of amendments to the legislative and regulatory documents in the construction industry are considered, including the consideration of the developed regulatory documents by the relevant authorities before being approved by the Russian Ministry of Construction, as well as difficulties in the gradual transition to the parametric standardization. The problems of the regulatory framework in the field of designing the facilities for surface runoff removal and treatment are considered. Proposals for revising the Water Code of the Russian Federation with the introduction of environmental standards for the quality of surface waters and standards for the permissible impact of economic or other activities on water bodies are outlined and supported – to develop them on the basis of the water quality standards in accordance with the requirements of the current environmental legislation. To improve the quality of design documentation, imposing control over the professional training of designers with mandatory proficiency testing in accordance with the occupational standards is proposed. Further updating the system of regulatory documents in the field of design, construction and operation of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, using the current structure of the regulatory framework is also proposed.

Key words

water supply , designing , water disposal , construction , regulatory framework , updating regulatory documents , standards

UDC 628.2/.3:006.057
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.05

Samburski Georgi, Pogorelyi Anton, Leont’eva S. V., Nikitina Svetlana

Aspects of designing wastewater treatment facilities in terms of the BAT process indicators: priorities and consequences

Summary

Switching to the concept of the technological regulation occurs simultaneously with implementing a number of federal environmental projects including those included in the Ecology National Project. Considering that water utilities, through the spectacle of Rosprirodnadzor are among the main polluters of water bodies, the construction of new and upgrade of the existing treatment facilities is the focus of public authorities, regulators and, naturally, the wastewater facilities operators themselves. The paper considers potential and possible inconsistencies of the current design expectations based on the technological indicators of the best available technologies and the very concept of using the best available technologies that does not imply stasis but the development and consistent tightening of those same technological indicators.

Key words

designing , best available techniques , sewerage treatment facilities , technological indicators

UDC 614.777
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.06

Khudiakova Svetlana

Study of the seasonal dynamics of species and populations of microorganisms in the water intake in the process of drinking water purification

Summary

Provision of the safety and high quality of drinking water is an urgent task in under current conditions. Water quality monitoring in relation the sanitary and microbiological indicators is essential to maintain high quality drinking water abstracted from water sources for the needs of the population. The results of the studies of the seasonal dynamics of the sanitary and microbiological indicators, microbiological environment of the Volga River, as well as the analysis of the quantitative indicators of the population of microorganisms in the water intake are presented. Suggestions are given to improve the analysis of the data obtained and upgrade the technological process of water treatment.

Key words

potable water , water treatment , the Volga River , seasonal dynamics of the microbiological indicators , bioengineering systems and technologies

UDC 628.166:661.418
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.07

FESENKO L. N., Pchel'nikov I. V., Ignatenko S. I., Skryabin A. Yu., Kaberskaia Dar’ia, Zaichko Dmitrii

Engineering-economic analysis and study of acid washing of electrolyzer cathodes with solutions of hydrochloric and sulfamic acids

Summary

Experience in operating electrolysis plants shows that the main problem with the reliability of their operation is associated with insoluble compounds – CaCO₃, CaSO₄, Mg (OH)₂ – buildup on the surface of the cathodes that cause abnormal electrolysis mode, overheating and warping of the electrode system, destruction of the oxide coating of the anodes, sudden reduction in the plant efficiency etc. The greatest effect on the liquid salts and gypsum buildup during the electrolysis of salt solutions is produced by the chemical composition of water that is associated with the presence of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO^-₃, SO₄ and dissolved CO₂ ions. The method used in practice to remove carbonate deposits by regular washing the electrode system with 3–5% solution of hydrochloric acid is not always economically justified, particularly, for the water sources characterized by increased carbonate hardness. An engineering-economic comparison of two methods of acid washing of electrode plates of an electrolysis plant with solutions of hydrochloric and sulfamic acids while dissolving in them the accumulated buildup resulted from the preparation of sodium hypochlorite from a 3% solution of sodium chloride is presented. With a slightly higher cost of 1 liter of 5% sulfamic acid (6.9 rubles/l) compared to 5% hydrochloric acid (5.36 rubles/l), the cost of one washing with sulfamic acid (2.9 rubles) is 6 times higher than the cost of one washing with hydrochloric acid (0.48 rubles), which is associated with different possibilities for reusing acids for the next washing of the electrolysis plant. In other words, if 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be used 11.1 times before its neutralization, then 5% sulfamic acid (NH₂SO₃H) can be used only 2.4 times, or 11.1/2.4 = 4.6 times less, which is illustrative of the obvious economic preference of hydrochloric acid over sulfamic acid.

Key words

water disinfection , membraneless electrolysis , acid-washing , low-concentrated sodium hypochlorite

UDC 628.166:661.418
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.08

Pchel'nikov I. V., Pchel’nikova Anastasiia, Kaberskaia Dar’ia, Kuz’menko Liudmila

Production of sodium hypochlorite by ground water electrolysis

Summary

Possible using groundwater to prepare a disinfecting chemical – sodium hypochlorite – has been considered. The use of natural water containing chlorides provides for eliminating the purchase of table salt and reducing the cost of the finished product by up to 40%. However, due to significant differences in the composition of natural waters, particularly, related to the concentration of chloride ions, the electrolysis of mineralized water can occur in an inefficient zone with high power consumption and low yield of active chlorine. On the territory of the Municipal Enterprise «Azovvodokanal» (Azov, Rostov region) an electrolysis plant is located with a capacity of 500 kg/day as active chlorine. The raw material for the production of sodium hypochlorite is mineralized groundwater. In the course of studies, the optimal conditions for the electrolysis of groundwater were established in order to determine the maximum current efficiency by chlorine with the minimum energy consumption. The studies were carried out using direct electric current in a flow-through mode at a current density of 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 800 and 1000 A/m², and an initial solution temperature of 18–22°С. The working areas of the anode and cathode were 0.0022 m² each. The range of flow rates studied varied from 0.36 to 4.8 l/h, which corresponded to an electrolysis time of 3.5–0.26 min. The pH value during electrolysis ranged from 8.8 to 9.5. As a result of the studies, dependencies were obtained that characterize the parameters of the direct electrolysis of ground mineralized water.

Key words

water disinfection , membraneless electrolysis , low-concentrated sodium hypochlorite , direct electrolysis of ground water