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Number 9 / 2024
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UDC 628.1.033:66.067.122.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.01
Strelkov A. K., Gridneva M. A., Dremina Eleonora
Filtering materials for the domestic water supply
Summary
The results of laboratory and pilot tests of the following filtering materials used for water purification in a domestic water supply system: Diamiks Akva, granodiorite sand, ODM-2F and ODM-5F are presented. The manufacturers of the filtering materials are indicated. The basic chemical composition of the filtering materials is given. The raw material for Diamiks Akva is based on natural diatomite that contains exoskeletons of diatoms. The poured bulk density of Diamiks Akva is 820 kg/m3. Granodiorite sand is a product of crushing granodiorite rock with a poured bulk density of 1498 km/m3. For ODM-2F opokas from the Artemovsk deposit in the Sverdlovsk region with a poured bulk density 680 kg/m3 are used. ODM-5F is a sorption material prepared on the basis of siliceous diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr, tripolith and diatomite) with a poured bulk density of 700 mg/m3. The studied filtering materials have the certificates of registration. The results of studying the physical and mechanical properties of filtering materials are presented; the granulometric composition is given, the intensity of washing depending on the degree of expansion is established. The research results showed that filtering materials made of Diamiks Akva and granodiorite sand can be used as media in newly constructed filtering facilities. Higher washing intensity is required for the regeneration of the specified filter media. ODM-2F and ODM-5F filtering materials do not involve higher costs during the regeneration of the media since the drainage and distribution systems of rapid filters provide for the capacity of the washing flow.
Key words
filtering material , bulk density , physical integrity , backwash rate , porosity , domestic water
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UDC 628.144
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.02
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Kotovskaia Elena
Design parameters of the household water consumption rates
and pressures in a water distribution network
Summary
Being a part of the water supply system, a water distribution network provides for the water distribution around a community and supply to the consumers. To ensure standard water supply to the consumers the minimum free pressures that guarantee uninterrupted water supply shall be provided in the water distribution network. With the introduction of the revised version of CP 31.13331 of 2021 «Water supply. External networks and structures», the principle of determining the design values of minimum free pressures at the entrance facility above the ground surface in the water distribution network of a community or city at the maximum household water consumption has changed. According to these data, the minimum free pressures in the water distribution network were calculated and their values were compared with the free pressures in the public water distribution networks that had been designed before 2021.
Key words
water supply network , hydraulic design , water consumption rate , free pressure , minimum required pressure , network operation parameters , required pressure
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UDC 628.1/.4:378.24:001.89
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.03
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Chernosvitov M. D.
Defense of thesis works in the specialty «Water supply, wastewater disposal, construction systems for water resources protection»
Summary
The qualitative and quantitative characteristics and indicators in the field of thesis works defense from 1984 to mid-2024 are presented. The time patterns, peaks and decays in scientific papers in the specialty 2.1.4 «Water supply, wastewater disposal, construction systems for water resources protection» are analyzed. Examples of correct formulations of elements of scientific novelty in the thesis synopses are given. An analysis of the categories of scientific novelty, both in general and in the methods of natural and wastewater treatment, is performed. The organizational and legal structure of thesis works defense is presented. Recommendations for defining the boundaries between the elements of the scientific novelty are given.
Key words
water supply , water disposal , technology , thesis work , scientific novelty , methods of natural and wastewater treatment , natural and wastewater sludge , hydraulics
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UDC 628.35
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.04
Stepanov S. V., Kharkina O. V., Avdeenkov Pavel, Lazunin Maksim, Ponomarenko Ol’ga
Mathematical simulation of wastewater treatment processes in aeration tanks
Summary
A new version of the mathematical model of wastewater treatment processes in aeration tanks with biological nitrogen removal and biological-chemical phosphorus removal has been developed based on the mutual complementation of the VODGEO/SamGTU and ASM2d methods. The «inverse problem» of technological calculation of aeration tanks has been solved mathematically, i. e. by determining the pollution concentrations in effluent with available data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the raw wastewater for the specified values of process and design parameters of the facilities. An algorithm for providing quantitative process recommendations has been developed. Following the conducted research, the Potential software was developed designed for the primary acquisition, technological calculations and providing recommendations to the personnel of the treatment facilities. The implementation of the software will reduce the operating costs by optimizing the process flow pattern of the biological wastewater treatment facilities in the shortest possible time.
The study was carried out within the framework of Agreement No. 4951GS1/85526 with the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology».
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , kinetic constants , mathematic modelling , NII VODGEO/SamGTU methodology , calculation of aeration tanks , ASM2d model , formulas of enzymatic kinetics
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UDC 628.349.094.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.05
Strelkov A. K., Tarakanov D. I., Negoda Larisa, Piskunov Kirill
Wastewater treatment of PVC floor tile production
Summary
The results of studies on the purification of wastewater generated during the production of PVC tiles containing products of thermal decomposition of the raw materials are presented. The wastewater contains increased values of COD, salt content, chloride and sulfate concentrations. During the research work experimental studies were conducted on the purification of this wastewater by adding oxidizers and coagulants. The studies were conducted using the following oxidizers: hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid (Longafor), as well as coagulants: Equitall, Aurat EPOKHA, Unikof™-M. The studies showed that the best purification results were obtained using Longafor and Equitall chemicals. The purification efficiency in terms of COD removal was 70%.
Key words
efficiency of treatment , coagulants , wastewater of PVC floor tile production , pollution oxidation
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УДК 628.31
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.06
Pavlukhin A. A., Shuvalov M. V., Palagin Evgenii
Issues of classifying surface runoff, treatment technologies and methods (for the discussion)
Summary
An analysis of the qualitative composition of surface runoff and treatment requirements depending on the characteristics of the effluent receiving water are presented. A comprehensive approach is proposed while choosing process solutions and the basic composition of the treatment facilities to achieve the required treatment efficiency. For the implementation a classification of surface runoff and the main treatment processes with differentiation depending on the regulatory requirements to the effluent has been developed. The proposed classification provides for unifying the procedure for choosing the main process solutions.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , classification , technologically regulated substances , public wastewater disposal system , required treatment level
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UDC 628.336.4
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.07
Kichigin V. I., Iudin Aleksandr
Study of the technology of chemical dewatering of thickened
excess activated sludge using experimental-statistical models
Summary
The technology of chemical dewatering of thickened excess activated sludge by processing wastewater sludge with six types of coagulant and polyacrylamide in doses from 0 to 300 mg/dm3 was studied. The the effect of each chemical on the degree of sludge dewatering was determined. Mathematical models of the sludge specific resistance changing dependence on the amount of coagulant and flocculant added into the sludge were obtained. The mathematical models are presented both in implicit and explicit (isolines) form. It was proven that the process of maximum reduction of the specific resistance of thickened excess activated sludge is more efficient with coagulants: «Aqua-Aurat™-30», aluminum polyoxysulfate or «GranPAKS™» in doses up to 25 mg/dm3 and flocculant PAA in doses of 175–200 mg/dm3.
Key words
sludge specific resistance , mathematical and graphical models of the sludge water yielding capacity , optimal dose of chemicals , thickened excess activated sludge
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UDC 628.38:628.336.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.09.08
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Teplykh Evgenii, Porshina Elizaveta
Justification for the use of sludge of biologically treated wastewater in the production of ceramic materials
Summary
Pollution in industrial wastewater comprises the scraps of processed raw materials and chemicals used in the treatment process. The conditions of the generation and properties of sludge of wastewater biological treatment and of matured sludge are considered. The properties of municipal wastewater sludge and main ways of utilization are given, as well as theoretical justification for the use of matured sludge from biological wastewater treatment facilities in the production of ceramic materials. The following characteristics of municipal wastewater sludge are presented: fractional makeup, dynamic pattern of the mass of various sludge fractions in the process of thermal processing, chemical composition.
Key words
activated sludge , primary settler , wastewater sludges , sludge utilization , solid part of sludge , composition of sludge dry matter , production of ceramic materials , digested mixture
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