UDC 697.9
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.09
Vazhdaev Konstantine, Мартяшева В. А., Reziapov Timur, Vasil’eva Tat’iana, Balandina Anna
Performance review and development of measures to improve the efficiency of the ventilation system at JSC Salavatsteklo
Summary
Performance analysis of the exhaust ventilation system of the glass plate production workshop at the Salavatsteklo JSC plant in Salavat city, Republic of Bashkortostan, was carried out. The problems identified in the operation of the exhaust ventilation system are described, and measures to eliminate them have been developed. The air ducts were cleaned of deposits of TOP COAT AX GRAY coating material used for mirror manufacturing. The composition of these contaminants includes flammable resins, that when cooled, form a thick layer of dense sludge. The results of cleaning air ducts and ventilation equipment using modern devices are presented. Herewith, an increase in the energy and environmental efficiency of the exhaust ventilation was noted alongside with the energy resources saving by reducing electricity consumption and concentrations of the harmful compounds in
polluted air.
Key words
cleansing , air flow rate , efficiency , pollutants , exhaust ventilation system , air duct
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UDC 628.34
Fedorovskaya T. G., Koudryashova G. N.
On high alkaline sulfide-containing wastewater treatment
Summary
One of the main problems experienced during tannery wastewater transportation and treatment is hydrogen sulfide release that causes pipeline corrosion, gas contamination of premises and wastewater treatment facilities territory. The methods of sulfide-containing wastewater treatment have been well investigated; however, the reason of hydrogen sulfide release is still urgent and needs explanation. Theoretic and experimental studies carried out at the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering allowed explaining the reasons of hydrogen sulfide release from high alkaline solutions. Experimental studies with standardized test solutions of sodium sulfide showed that their alkalization inhibited hydrogen sulfide release, however required large amounts of alkaline agent and could be hardly adopted for practical use.
Key words
cleansing , wastewater , hydrogen sulfide , tannery , sulfide , high alkaline solution
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UDC 628.16
KINEBAS A. K., Feofanov Yu. A.
Modernization of the Zelenogorsk Water Supply Station is a Stage of Realization of the Regional Program Pure Water
Summary
The following works have been done within the limits of modernization of the Zelenogorsk water supply station (St. Petersburg): reloading of high-rate filters with installation of the new drainage system TRITON improvement of water aeration system (enrichment with oxygen in a pan aerator), and automation of technological process. The technique of water treatment for manganese at the second stage of the process with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters containing the three-layered quartz sand, pyrolusite, and anthracite media has been introduced. The quality of water treated at the Zelenogorsk water supply station after its modernization meets the requirements of the Russian and European standards at all points.
Key words
cleansing , filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , oxidation , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand
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UDC 628.212.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.01.07
Leonov L. V., Grekov Mikhail, Iakunin L. A., Elagin Sergei, Klokov Aleksandr, Chechevichkin A. V., Triaskin Mikhail
Experience of all-season use of FOPS® filter with natural zeolite for the treatment of surface runoff from technologically disturbed territories
Summary
The aspects of pollution of surface runoff from residential areas with heavy metals is considered, and the main sources of their inflow are described. The results of full-scale tests of FOPS®-Z filter (with natural zeolite media) are presented. The efficiency and level of heavy metals removal from surface runoff using the FOPS®- Z filter was estimated. Tests were carried out on a real residential area in St. Petersburg for seven seasons (2021–2022). The results of using FOPS®-K filter basket (installed upstream of FOPS®-Z filter) at the first stage of purification of surface runoff from the residential area are presented, as well as the results of a study of the fractional composition of wastes accumulated in the FOPS®-K filter basket for the entire period of testing.
Key words
cleansing , surface runoff , heavy metals , FOPS filter , filtering cartridge , coefficient of variation
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UDC 628.311
Rublevskaya O. N., Leonov L. V., Mishukov B. G., Vasil’eva E. E., Solov’eva E. A.
Evaluating the flow rate and composition of wastewater in St. Petersburg
Summary
The wastewater disposal system of St. Petersburg and its suburbs is specified by receiving and handling large amounts of surface run-off (both stormwater and melted snow) as well as infiltration flows that result from the high ground water level. Regulating the incoming surface run-off is very expensive, whereas investments into the wastewater treatment technologies are used more efficiently. Monitoring the quality of effluent discharged into the surface water bodies is carried out in compliance with the recommendations of Helsinki Commission on Baltic Marine Environment Protection. Basing on the results of three years operating St. Petersburg advanced wastewater treatment plants graph (probability density of the measured parameter values) of the flow rate and composition of the incoming wastewater and treated effluents were developed. Separate assessment of the measurement results in dry and rainy weather was suggested. The necessity of limiting the capacity of the treatment facilities and setting the maximum permissible inflow at the wastewater treatment plants is shown; the excess flow shall be bypassed and treated according to the emergency flood protection plans.
Key words
cleansing , water disposal , wastewater flow rate , wastewater composition , pollution index
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UDC 628.161.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.03.02
Gandurina L. V., Budykina T. A., Iantsen O. V.
Removing fine clay impurities from natural water
Summary
The effect of the clay impurities (loams, clays, bentonites, kaolin) origin that determines the turbidity of natural water, on the kinetics of their sedimentation was studied. The percentage of clay impurities with a hydraulic size of 0.11 mm/s was determined. The effectiveness of the independent use of Praestol 650 cationic flocculant for removing clay impurities of various origin from turbid water is considered. It was established that the efficiency of natural water purification depended on the mineral composition and disperse characteristics of clay particles and could be increased for kaolinite-containing clay impurities from 69 to 91% by optimizing the flocculation parameters. It was shown that the optimal dose of Praestol 650 flocculant did not depend on the origin and disperse characteristics of clay particles and was 0.2 mg/l at an initial water turbidity of 107–187 mg/l. The possible use of the kinetic and flocculation characteristics of clay impurities in natural water to identify their mineral composition is considered.
Key words
cleansing , settling , turbidity , flocculation , hydraulic size , natural water , cationic flocculant , mixing rate gradient , clay impurities
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UDC 504.064.47:628.31.4
Chistiakov N. E., Strelkov A. K., Lobanov V. I., Zanina Zh. V.
Processing leachate from municipal solid waste landfills for further utilization
Summary
The operation of municipal solid waste landfills produces a negative impact on the environment. The landfill leachate contains high concentrations of mineral and organic substances and, according to many researchers, is highly toxic. The qualitative characteristics of leachate depend on the age of the landfill, climate conditions and season of the year, amount of atmospheric precipitation, fallout pattern and other factors. Undoubtedly, the leachate quality is determined also by the chemical composition of wastes disposed to the landfill. Leachate handling is an urgent problem. Most often leachate treatment to the effluent quality meeting the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery waters is suggested. All the technologies and methods of this direction are fairly complicated and expensive. As a result additional wastes reluctant to utilization are generated. The possibility of using leachate for the landfill irrigation is suggested for consideration. This is the best practice since the effluent is retuned back to the landfill solid which is a natural biological reactor. Pretreatment, leachate saturation with oxygen and its further use for landfill irrigation will provide for reducing the time needed for complete destruction of organic compounds to the formation of humic acids, humate and organic soil; and also reducing significantly the negative impact of landfills on the environment including aquifers. In this case most of leachate evaporates and goes to the atmosphere eliminating any serious impact on it.
Key words
cleansing , filtrate , organic substances , environment , municipal solid waste landfill , recycling , aerobic process
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UDC 628.316.12:628.212.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.07.06
Bobinkin V. V., Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Savenkov Pavel, Shapovalov Dmitrii, Shilov Mikhail
Designing facilities for the treatment of industrial storm water of steelworks
Summary
In line with the environmental program being developed over many years to reduce the negative impact on water resources, the steelworks launched modern facilities for the treatment of industrial storm water of a complex composition. The greatest difficulties are associated with the presence of oil products and heavy metals in industrial storm water provided that the requirements for the removal of heavy metals are very stringent, primarily regarding the copper concentration, i.e. it should not exceed 0.001 mg/dm3 in the effluent. To estimate the efficiency of the existing treatment facilities and take measures for their upgrade, the experts of the steelworks carried out some research work to select the optimal equipment and technological treatment scheme. After the pilot tests, the previously proposed schemes were rejected and a new one was developed that should meet all the requirements. The newly designed facilities were put into constant operation with the required treatment efficiency achieved. For the first time a dynamic softening system (DSS) with columns 1800 mm in diameter was used on an industrial scale to remove heavy metals from wastewater.
Key words
cleansing , flotation , heavy metals , dynamic softening system , industrial storm water , treatment facilities , mechanical filtration , carbon filter
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.06
UDC 628.212.2/.316
Grekov Mikhail, Elagin Sergei, Kozinets Galina, Chechevichkin Viktor, Leonov L. V., Klokov Aleksandr, Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A.
Test operation of a two-stage plant based on FOPS® filters
for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff
Summary
Moto transport has been the main source of pollution of surface runoff in large cities; therefore, runoff from roads and car parking spaces must be subjected to enhanced treatment including several stages. As part of solving this problem, works were carried out to estimate the operation of a two-stage plant (based on sequentially operating FOPS®-S and FOPS®-MU filters) in the process of surface runoff treatment from the car parking spaces during various seasonal changes. As a result of test experiments, it was found that for 21 months the plant provided for 98–99% efficiency of removing suspended solids and 94–97% efficiency of removing oil products from the surface runoff. After three years operation including winter periods with below-zero temperatures to less than –20°C, the plant provided for the required treatment level according to the monitored parameters. Occasionally, the FOPS®-S filter was cleaned – removing suspended solids and oil products.
Key words
cleansing , suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , FOPS filter , car parking
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.02.04
UDC 628.212.2/.316
Leonov L. V., Grekov Mikhail, Chechevichkin A. V., Iakunin L. A., Elagin Sergei, Kozinets Galina
Test operation of a FOPS®-S filter separator in the process
of surface runoff purification from the car parking area
Summary
Surface runoff from large metropolitan areas is heavily polluted. Car parking areas are of overriding concern in pollution since the surface runoff generated on them contains high concentrations of oil products and suspended solids. The aim of the project was multi-season test operation of a FOPS®-S filter-separator for the purification of the surface runoff disposed into the sewer system from the parking area. In the course of observations, it was found that over 21 months of testing, the FOPS®-S filter provided for removing
82–99% suspended solids and 55–76% of oil products from heavily contaminated surface runoff (at their maximum concentration in the surface runoff 3000 and 10.5 mg/dm3, respectively). No decrease in the treatment efficiency was observed for 21 months, including the periods of negative temperatures (two seasons). During the tests the hydraulic discharge of the trapped pollutants from the FOPS®-S filter was carried out twice: suspended solids (~ 130 kg) and oil products (~ 2.1 dm3).
10,5 мг/дм3 соответственно). Снижения эффективности очистки в течение 21 месяца не наблюдалось, в том числе в периоды отрицательных температур (два сезона). За время испытаний из фильтра ФОПС®-С дважды производилась гидровыгрузка задержанных загрязнений: взвешенных веществ (~ 130 кг) и нефтепродуктов (~ 2,1 дм3).
Key words
cleansing , suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , FOPS filter , filtering cartridge , car parking
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