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UDC 628.17.001.4
Alekseeva L. P., Alekseev S. E., Korsa-Vavilova E. V., Shmelev A. Ia.
The use of ozone in surface water purification for public water supply of small communities
Summary
Two options of using ozone in purification of water from surface water supply sources with excess concentrations of organics in block-modular plants of small capacity are considered. Ozone effecting the changes in the basic water quality parameters is shown. The use of ozone in surface water purification extends the potential of the technologic process control under frequent seasonal fluctuations of the raw water quality, improves the quality of water after purification which is most important in the operation of small capacity plants. Besides, ozonation provides for reducing significantly the dosages of chemicals (coagulant and flocculant), and in some cases (during certain seasons) eliminating completely their use. The process studies carried out in a block-modular plant manufactured by «Moskosvskie Ozonatory» Company showed that the ozonation of the Volga River water for public water supply can be carried out using two process schemes: ozonation and sorption in carbon filters; or coagulation, ozonation and sorption. The parameters and conditions of using the ozonation, coagulation and sorption methods were specified; their efficiency at the minimum required chemical dosages was determined. It was stated that the use of ozone in block-modular plants for surface water purification provided for improving significantly the quality of drinking water regardless of the seasonal fluctuations in raw water quality; improving the integrity of the water supply system by all the parameters including microbiological ones. The effect of certain structural and technological solutions at the facilities on the water purification efficiency was noted.
Key words
potable water , ozonization , surface water source , coagulation , organic pollutants , block-modular plant
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UDC 628.16.8
Kichigin V. I., Strelkov A. K.
Study of underground water treatment technologies in the northern regions of Russia
Summary
The results of studies of possible use of the underground water treatment process scheme of one of the northern regions of Russia are presented. The versatile container plant includes: ozonators, electrical flotocoagulators, contacts clarifiers and rapid filters, sorption filters with various activated carbon media, membrane filter, UV-irradiation unit for water processing, chemical plant for feeding Aqua-Aurat™30 coagulant and Praestol flocculant to water. Raw water was described as low-turbid, colored, medium mineralized (mainly chloride-sulphatic-bicarbonate). The quality indicators of water surpassed the requirements of SanPiN in terms of color (72 degree platinum cobalt color scheme), turbidity (11.2 mg/dm3), flourides (2.2 mg/dm3), total iron (4.54 mg/dm3, including Fe2+ – 4.51 mg/dm3), manganese (0.11 mg/dm3). It was shown that water purification according to the scheme «ozonation-chemical filtration-sorption filter-UV-irradiation-membrane unit» provided not only for color and turbidity reduction but also for nearly hundred percent removal of manganese, fluorine and iron. This process scheme can be recommended for introduction at the water treatment plants.
Key words
ozonization , ground water , filtration , coagulation , polar zone , flocculation
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UDC 628.16.001.2
Kofman V. Ya.
Scientific research in the field of drinking water treatment
Summary
From the bibliometric analysis the basic subject areas of the research in the field of drinking water were determined. The leading research institutions, periodicals and countries in this field are presented. The general information on the articles is supplemented with the data on the major scientometric indices based on the citation account: author’s H-index and impact factor of a journal. The basic topical trends are the state of environment, purification of drinking water from different sources, environmental pollution resulting from human intervention, toxicology. Water Research Journal (Great Britain) takes the leading position in water topics. From the data array under consideration (30 597 articles) 25 000 (around 80%) articles have been written by the authors from one country, 5381 articles are the results of the international cooperation. The authors of the articles are representatives from 168 countries. Among pollutants most often mentioned in the publications are: arsenic (1138 articles; 5.1%), fluorides (411; 1.8%), nitrates (351; 1.6%), lead (297; 1.3%), cadmium (274; 1.2%). For the reviewed period (1992–2011) 143 articles were dedicated to pharmaceuticals (0.64%). Among the treatment methods adsorption, ozonation and chlorination are most often mentioned. It was noted that in 2011 the number of published articles on chlorination was almost equal to that on ozonation; however, later the extent of chlorination research increased significantly. The recent popularity of adsorption can be explained not only by the wide use of the given technology in practice but in a greater degree by unsophisticated equipment, low costs of experiments and a great variety of adsorbents, including adsorbents produced from cheap agricultural and industrial wastes.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , adsorption , array of articles , H-index , impact-factor
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UDC 628.16.094.3
Kofman V. Ya.
New advanced oxidation technologies of water and wastewater treatment (part 1)
(foreign publications review)
Summary
With the increase in population and industrial water consumption satisfying the demand for drinking water becomes a very pressing issue. This problem can be solved by using innovation process flow schemes of wastewater treatment. Advanced oxidation technologies are among them, i. e. homogenous and heterogenous photocatalytic processes, ozonation, Fenton’s process options, ultrasonic treatment, wet oxidation, electrochemical processes, oxidation in supercritical
water, plasma processes, ferrate and persulfate technologies, ionization radiation and microwave treatment. Hydroxyl radicals play key role in these processes. Photocatalytic processes proceed in the presence of catalysts with titanium dioxide (TiO2) being most efficient among them. The processes proceed in photocatalytic reactors in the presence of suspended catalyst and supported catalyst. In the process of water disinfection the synergistic effect is reached at combining advanced oxidation technologies and chlorination. Fenton’s process is based on the use of Fenton’s reagent, i. e. mixture of Fe2+ salt (catalyst) and hydrogen peroxide. Optimal рН value of 2.8–4 is the basic parameter of this process. Ozonation process proceeding in the presence of hydroxyl radicals originating from chemical transformation of ozone at 2.8 hydroxyl radical reduction potential is considered. Optimal formation of hydroxyl radicals is provided in ozonizers with hydrogen peroxide dosing device (Peroxone process). Ozonation in the process of UV-irradiation; ozonation in the process of UV-irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, ozonation in combination with ultrasound (Sonozone process) are considered. The use of advanced oxidation technologies in wastewater treatment produces positive results that provide for satisfying the water demand. (To be continued).
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , water treatment , catalyst , oxidation technology , hydroxyl radicals
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UDC 628.162.82:661.491.001.2
Gordeev M. B., Kolodyazhniy V. A.
Deferrization of Natural Water Using Ozonization in Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Summary
Results of studies and laboratory tests of the water deferrization technology using jointly ozone and hydrogen peroxide at the laboratory unit are presented; high efficiency of the technology considered is shown.
Key words:
ozonization , hydrogen peroxide , oxidation , catalytic action
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.04
UDC 628.161.2:628.166-926.214
Kozin Dmitrii, Prokof’ev Valerii, Prokof’eva Taisiia
Experience of using ozone for deironing water of a complex composition
Summary
The purpose of the study was developing a process flow scheme and determining the main parameters of the ozonation method for removing iron and manganese compounds from process water. The studies were carried out in a pilot plant; the test object was circulating water at a power engineering facility in Bashkiria. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was conducted that provided for: determining the optimal doses of ozone, ozone contact time with processed water; choosing the main design options for using sorption filters; adjusting the filtration rate. The data of the experimental studies proving the effectiveness of the chosen method are presented. The results obtained provide for determining the costs of water treatment, estimating the operating costs, and compare the proposed and alternative methods for removing iron and manganese compounds.
Key words
ozonization , treatment facilities , deferrization , water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , sorbent
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UDC 628.161.3:546.711
Alekseeva L. P., Kourova L. V., Alekseev S. E.
Specific features of using chemical treatment in removing manganese compounds from underground water
Summary
Many underground water sources in Russia used for drinking water supply are characterized by increased concentrations of iron and manganese. There are different chemical and nonchemical methods of underground water treatment. In some cases nonchemical methods of treatment cannot provide for the required drinking water quality. However, the use of chemicals for removing iron and manganese compounds makes the process more complicated and increases the cost of water treatment; therefore their use shall be substantiated and approved by technological studies. The aspects of removing manganese compounds from underground water with the use of chemicals in cases when it was stated that nonchemical methods were not efficient are considered. The results of studies on determining the efficiency of using oxidants, alkalizing and coagulating chemicals are presented. When using oxidants in removing manganese from water the range of optimal chemical dosages is relatively small. The efficiency of manganese removal with the help of oxidants increases with the increase of water pH. For more integrated removal of oxidized manganese compounds and other pollutants from water flocculants can be used in the process of water clarification.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , deferrization , ground water , iron , manganese , coagulation , reagent
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.06.01
UDC 628.161.2:926.214:66.021.2.081.3
Alekseev S. E., Korsa-Vavilova E. V., Shmelev A. Ia.
Estimation of the effectiveness of ozone use in the purification of heavily contaminated water supply sources
Summary
Sources of drinking water supply (the Velikaia, Volga, Vychegda, Kotorosl’, Limenda, Solda, Severnaia Dvina, Tom’ and Tura rivers) are characterized by increased concentrations of organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin. The traditional technology of two-stage water clarification by coagulation in terms of the efficiency, in this case, is not applicable to the quality of the source water; as a result, by some indicators, drinking water periodically does not meet the current standard requirements. It is especially difficult to ensure the permissible maximum concentrations of organic substances in drinking water, as well as of compounds of iron, manganese and residual aluminum. To provide for the purification of such water, additional oxidation and sorption methods have been studied. The research results showed that preliminary ozonation of river water and (or) post-ozonation of water after filtration at a water treatment plant provide for increasing the efficiency of purification in terms of color, turbidity, removal of iron and manganese compounds; for reducing the concentration of residual aluminum, and improving the organoleptic characteristics. Sorption with ozonation significantly improves the quality of treated water and allows to ensure the permissible level of organic pollutants in drinking water.
Key words
potable water , ozonization , sorption , water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , manganese removal
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UDC 628.161.3
Alekseev S. E., Alekseeva L. P., Kourova L. V.
Evaluation of the efficiency of different chemicals in removing iron and organics from underground water
Summary
The composition and quality of underground waters in different regions of Russia substantially differ. Most underground waters contain elevated iron concentrations. Iron from underground water that contains oxygen and high concentrations of organic substances (humic and fulvic acids) that cause the water color is most difficult to remove. Besides, in oil producing regions underground waters occur that contain pollutants of anthropogenic origin: oil products, phenols, amines etc. In the process of such water purification integrated methods shall be used to provide for eliminating organic and non-organic pollution. The results of the studies of removing iron complex organic compounds from underground water in the Nefteyugansk region by different chemical methods: oxidation, alkalization and coagulation are considered. The impact of the conditions of using chemicals on the underground water purification efficiency was determined. It was shown that in removing complex iron compounds from water strong oxidizing agents and alkalizing chemicals could be used. To eliminate humic substances and organic compounds of anthropogenic origin coagulating chemicals must be used.
Key words
ozonization , deferrization , ground water , chromaticity , iron , coagulation , permanganate oxidizability , organic substances
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.01.04
UDC 628.316
Belov S. G., Naumchik G. O.
Reuse of stained wash water for washing fabric after dyeing
Summary
The processes of aqueous work up of the fabric used at the textile enterprise «Svitanak» OJSC were studied during the fabric preparation, dyeing and subsequent washing. The quality of wash water at various stages of washing the fabric after dyeing was studied by such indicators as the color intensity by dilution rate, COD, permanganate index, foaming capacity and pH. Experimental data are presented that prove the possibility of using ozone for the purification of the wash water mixture from the last six fabric washings after dyeing to the requirements to the quality of water supplied to the dye-finishing processes. An approximate economic calculation has been performed that proves a high economic effect of establishing the reuse of wash water regenerated with ozone for washing fabric after dyeing.
Key words
ozonization , chromaticity , permanganate oxidizability , filter washings reuse , countercurrent , textile industry , fabric dyeing , apparatus of batch operation , color intensity by dilution rate
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UDC 628.237.2:628.521
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.06
Vasiliak L. M., Sobur Denis
Why is ozone not used in world practice to control odors
from the wastewater disposal system?
Summary
The reasons that limit possible using ozone to remove hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous substances coming from the wastewater treatment facilities and wastewater pumping stations are analyzed. It is shown that one of the main disadvantages is the long time required to remove malodorous substances to the required low concentrations. The main reaction of ozone interacting with hydrogen sulfide is presented, its rate is analyzed, and it is shown that the typical duration of the reaction ranges from tens of minutes to several hours. The difficulties of using ozone to remove hydrogen sulfide, associated with the chemical resistance of the latter, are presented. The ozone concentrations required for the effective cleaning, and the number of ozone molecules consumed to remove one hydrogen sulfide molecule are estimated. Data are provided on the use of ozone to remove volatile organic compounds, including phenol and formaldehyde. Issues related to the disposal of reaction products and safety precautions of ozone use are also discussed.
Key words
ozonization , air cleansing , sewerage treatment facilities , hydrogen sulfide , ozone , odors
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UDC 628.162/.163
Pavlov A. A., Dziminskas Ch. A., Kostyuchenko S. V., Zaytseva S. G.
Modern Technologies of Potable Water Preparation at the Sludinskaya Waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod
Summary
It is told about introduction, for the first time in Russia, of modern technologies of preparation of potable water at the Sludinskaya waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod: chlorammonization, ozonization, optimal system of coagulation, UV-disinfection that has allowed to optimize operational costs, to minimize negative by-effects and to provide high quality of potable water.
Key words:
potable water , water supply system , chlorination , ozonization , flocculants , disinfection , ultraviolet , chloramines
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UDC 628.33:662.2
Ponomareva O. S., Glushankova Irina, Martynova A. A.
Thermal treatment of wastewater from the production
of high-energy compounds
Summary
During production of special-purpose products in technological processes and in the synthesis of components of high-energy compounds wastewater containing pollutants in high concentrations is generated; therefore before discharging into sewer networks it shall be preliminary neutralized. The results of studies on the purification of process effluents generated in the production of components of high-energy compounds contaminated with ethanolamine, ethylene diamine, heavy metal ions (nickel and lead) are presented. The analysis of process effluent treatment methods: ozonation, two-stage purification (chemical, adsorption), thermal neutralization was carried out. As a result of thermodynamic analysis and calculation of the processes of thermal destruction of pollutants in highly concentrated effluents technical solutions have been developed and an installation for the thermal disposal of effluent followed by multi-stage flue gas cleaning has been designed. The calculation of the dispersion of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere during the operation of the installation showed that running the process in a preset mode ensured compliance with the standard sanitary and hygienic requirements.
Key words
ozonization , pollutants , adsorption , industrial wastewater , components of high-energy compounds , sulphated coal , thermal treatment
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.11.06
UDC 628.168:628.166-926.214
Seliukov Aleksandr, Semenov Mikhail, Baikova Ida
In-process tests of river water conditioning for domestic and drinking water supply in the city of Kurgan
Summary
The experience of using ozonation of river water on a laboratory and pilot scale is considered. The water of the Tobol River is hard and mineralized with an average color value of 24 degrees, a manganese concentration in the winter period of more than 0.8 mg/dm3. After determining the operational doses of the chemicals (polyaluminum chloride coagulant, Praestol 650TR flocculant), test ozonation was carried out followed by the chemical treatment in a laboratory flocculator. To achieve the standard for manganese concentration in river water of 0.1 mg/dm3, high doses of ozone were required – from 35 mg/dm3. Alkalinization of the initial water to pH 9 provided for reducing the ozone dose to 23 mg/dm3. A decrease in color to 15 degrees occurred at ozone doses of 6–7 mg/dm3. River water purification at a pilot plant with a capacity of 50 l/h was carried out according to the complete process flow scheme (ozonation, treatment with coagulant and flocculant, sedimentation, filtration in a sand filter, filtration in a carbon filter, desalination-softening by reverse osmosis). The coagulant dose was 5 mg/dm3, and that of the flocculant – 0.3 mg/dm3. In the steady run of the pilot plant at an ozone dose of 25 mg/dm3, the following quality indicators of the sand filter filtrate were achieved: color 5–7 degrees; manganese 0.05–0.15 mg/dm3; total iron 0.02–0.03 mg/dm3; aluminum 0.05–0.08 mg/dm3; permanganate index 3–4 mg/dm3. Based on the estimate indicators of the Tobol River water composition related to the manganese concentration in water of 0.8 mg/dm3, the theoretic dose of ozone is ≈ 8 mg/dm3, the design dose of ozone can be assumed as 10 mg/dm3 (g/m3).
Key words
ozonization , water supply , chromaticity , manganese , river water
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UDC 628.31:725.384
NECHAEV I. A., BELEVCEV A. N., ZHAVORONKOVA V. I., Menshutin Iurii, BEZRUKOV S. Z., BAJKOVA S. A., MELNIKOVA N. N.
Ecological Problems of Operation of Car-Washing Facilities and Means of Their Solving
Summary
A brief analysis of problems connected with the use of water in car-washing systems, disposal and treatment of wastewater generated is made. Main components of the car-washing facility’s wastewater are suspended substances, oil products and synthetic surface active agents. To ensure efficient treatment of wastewater guaranteeing the quality of treated water meeting the requirements of its use in recirculating systems as well as for discharge into sewerage networks, basins or on the relief it is necessary to use a complex of methods including coagulation, flotation, ozonization and sorption. A principal basic flowchart of the use, treatment and disposal of wastewater from car-washing facilities guaranteeing water quality and meeting the normative standards is proposed.
Key words:
ozonization , washing agents , non-ionogenic and anion synthetic surface active agents , oil products , wastewater treatment , coagulation , flotation , sorption
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UDC 628.316.6
SMIRNOV A. D., Bivalkevich A. I., Strelkov A. K., Breslov B. E.
Efficiency and economic expediency of the industrial methods for wastewater disinfection
Summary
Technical and economic assessment of municipal and industrial wastewater disinfection methods is given. At present the method of UV-disinfection with the use of low pressure amalgam lamps is recognized from both technical and economic points of view as a most acceptable method widely used all around the world. UV disinfection ensures most efficient inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms including chlorine-tolerant (viruses) present in effluents. UV irradiation of wastewater is not accompanied with formation of by-products that could produce negative impact on living organisms and human health, i. e. this method is both environmentally and hygienically safe.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , toxicity , amalgam lamp
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