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UDC 628.161.3.001.891.53
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G.
Selection of most efficient chemicals for water treatment
Summary
The Saratovskoe water reservoir has been the main water source of the Samara public water supply. The municipal water treatment facilities have been built after typical projects and designed for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. Lately sharp suspended solids reduction and organic pollution increase (mainly of natural origin) in the water source have been observed. During flood periods technogenic pollution (surfactants) is present, the concentration of manganese increases, phenol is found. At low water temperature, high color and permanganate value higher doses of chlorine and coagulant are required. Coagulation at low temperatures is inhibited which results in the concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value exceeding the maximum permissible levels. Higher chlorine dosages cause higher concentrations of chloroorganics in water. Therefore a chemical for using during flood periods that will provide for the required quality of water shall be selected. The results of the laboratory studies of selecting the chemical type and optimum dosage for water purification from the Saratovskoe water reservoir during flood periods are presented. Eighteen coagulant trademarks manufactured by domestic and foreign producers were investigated. The optimum dosages of coagulant and flocculant were defined. From the coagulant samples presented two were selected that could provide for the maximum drinking water clarification at minimum levels of residual aluminium and permanganate value. The final choice can be made on the basis of the technical and economic calculations taking into account the chemical price, delivery cost and required water quality.
Key words
turbidity , sedimentation tank , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , filtration , water treatment , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability
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UDC 628.16.065.2.001.2
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Erchev V. N., Dudarev V. A., Kichigin V. I.
Research in Possibility of Low Turbid Water Treatment under the PFS-1 of Samara Conditions
Summary
The flow chart of water treatment with an aluminium oxychloride coagulant in combination with flocculant Magnafloc LT20 in winter and during the spring flood has been proposed and tested under production conditions. It is established that the quality of water taking into account permanganate oxidation, residual aluminium, colour and turbidity has improved. It is proved that the efficiency of disinfection in the course of coagulation treatment with aluminium oxychloride is 1,5–2 times higher than with aluminium sulphate. It makes it possible to reduce the dose of chlorine at the primary disinfection and to reduce accordingly the possibility of formation of organochlorine compounds. Due to reduction of an aluminium polyoxychloride dose the sliming at treatment facilities is reduced up to 30% that makes it possible to reduce the discharge of suspended matters and residual aluminium from the station. Manufacturing expenses and water losses go down, conditions of facilities disinfection improve, which guarantees the epidemic safety of water.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , residual aluminium , aluminium sulphate , sliming , epidemic safety
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.04
UDC 544.77.052.22
Burganov Renat, Khasanova D. I., Gil’mutdinova Gul’fiia, Кирилова М. А., Kovrizhnykh E. A.
Studying and selecting effective flocculants for the purification of the Kama River water
Summary
Using the Kama River water as an example, the advantage of using flocculants of various ionic activity in combination with a coagulant based on polyaluminum chloride is shown. The results of studies of the main physical and chemical indicators are presented that better characterize the specific features of the coagulation of the Kama River water. Under the experimental conditions all tested flocculants were comparable as for the effectiveness to the flocculant based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride currently used at the water unit of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC. In the process of water clarification using a flocculant (sample No. 1) was proposed with a dose of 1–3 mg/dm3. It was shown that the combined use of polyaluminum chloride and the flocculant (sample No. 1) was more effective for extracting aluminum ions from water. The method of river water coagulation with the use of the flocculant (sample No. 1) differs from the existing one in higher cost-effectiveness and 50–60% reduction the of the chemical consumption.
Key words
clarification , flocculation , coagulant , flocculant , efficiency of treatment , river water , residual aluminium , chemical dosage , polyaluminum chloride , polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride , test coagulation
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UDC 628.16.027:628.543
Egorova Yu. A., Kichigin V. I., Polst'ianov S. N., Nesterenko O. I.
Study of the technologies of wash water treatment from contact clarifiers
Summary
The results of the laboratory studies of twelve flocculant kinds used for wash water treatment from contact clarifiers are presented. The optimal dosages of flocculant were determined. Two of the flocculants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium, residual polyacrylamide and suspended solids in water. It was stated that the sludge generated during water clarification had 99.9% moisture content. It was proved that Flopam FO 4240 PWG and Маgnafloc LT-22S flocculants ensured good sedimentation of pollutants present in wash water. Possible use of chemical and chemical free filtration in «Fil’tr Polimernyi» manufactured by «Samenviro» LLC as well as of membrane filtration in UNA-620A hollow fiber module (based on Microza® pressure membranes) in a pilot plant rendered by «Pall Evrasia» LLC was considered.
Key words
turbidity , flocculant , wash water , contact clarifier , residual aluminium , residual polyacrylamide , optimal dosage of chemical
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UDC 628.161
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.02
Egorova Yu. A., Strelkov A. K., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A., Talovyria Larisa
Measures to supply Samara Urban District with drinking water from surface and underground water sources in accordance with 2.1.3684-21 and 1.2.3685-21 Sanitary Rules and Regulations
Summary
In accordance with the Resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 3, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and in force in the Russian Federation from March 1, 2021, requiring a more stringent approach to the quality of purified water: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements to the maintenance of the territories of urban and rural communities, to water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, arrangement and implementation of sanitary and antiepidemic (preventive) measures» and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors to humans». In this regard, the specialists of Samara Utility Systems LLC are carrying out a comprehensive upgrade and reconstruction of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Samara with the purpose of improving integrally the qualitative and quantitative performance of the systems. Measures have been developed for the reconstruction and modernization of water treatment facilities to provide for the concentration of residual aluminum and chloroform meeting the sanitary standards. The implementation of the activities is planned for the period from 2024 to 2041.
Key words
monitoring , water treatment , potable water quality , manganese , residual aluminium , chlororganic compounds , total iron , sanitary regulations and standards , surface water supply source , underground water sources , total hardness
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UDC 628.161.2:543.317(943.8)
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.06.01
Raff P. A.
Some aspects of conditioning high-color river waters of the Far North
Summary
Some aspects of water conditioning of the Solza River at the water treatment plant in Severodvinsk are considered with an analysis of the quality of natural water for the period 2020–2023. The results of statistical processing of initial data on the river water quality are presented. The features of the chemical treatment of river water containing a high concentration of organic substances, and with the composition varying in dependence to the season, are considered. Based on statistical processing of the data for the 2020–2024 period in terms of color and permanganate index, the range of the color coefficient variation was determined. In the course of studies, the optimal pH range was established to provide for the minimum concentrations of residual aluminum in purified water.
Key words
chromaticity , iron , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , humic and fulvic acids , colloidal admixtures , organic contaminants , color coefficient , coagulation purification
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.09.04
UDC 006.3:628.1
Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Talovyria Larisa, Strelkova T. A., Nesterenko O. I.
On the introduction of new sanitary and epidemiological requirements for drinking water supply
Summary
The main source of water supply for the urban district of Samara is the Saratov reservoir. The municipal water treatment facilities were built according to the standard design and intended for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. In recent years, a sharp decrease in the concentration of suspended solids and an increase in the concentration of organic pollutants (mainly of natural origin) have been observed in the water of the source. At low water temperature, high color indices and permanganate index, the need arises for continuous monitoring the optimal doses of chemicals in order to prevent the formation of residual aluminum in the purified water and permanganate index exceeding the MPC values in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. By Decree of the RF Chief Sanitary Officer No. 3 of January 28, 2021, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and effective in the Russian Federation since March 1, 2021: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 that require a more stringent approach to the quality of the purified water. The validity period of the current SanPiNs is until March 1, 2027; however, they do not provide for a transitional period for the operators of water supply and wastewater disposal systems that have to arrange and conduct epidemiological (preventive) measures to ensure drinking and domestic water supply meeting the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. The water treatment facilities in Samara in the transition period need upgrade, and some of them need reconstruction. To carry out the research specified in the regulatory documents, updating the equipment of production laboratories and expanding the scope of their accreditation are needed. Equipping accredited laboratories with advanced means of comprehensive monitoring of drinking water quality will improve the efficiency and reliability of the analysis results.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , water quality , pumping-filtration station , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , sanitary regulations and standards
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UDC 628.16.066.7
Volftrub L. I.
The experience of operating lamella settlers and clarifiers with built-in flocculation chambers
Summary
The results of upgrading primary water treatment facilities – flocculation chambers, sedimentation tanks and clarifiers based on the use of low-flow and low-pressure recirculators and lamella honeycomb modules made of polyethylene film 250–300 µm thick designed by ECOHOLDING Group experts are presented. The developed method of jointing film into a honeycomb construction with an inner rigid frame provides for the ruggedness and spacial stability of the honeycomb module and allows stretching it on the frames on perimeter only. Firm jointing of the film allows manufacturing a honeycomb construction of any size and angle of slope providing minimum loss of clarifying surface of the facilities of any configuration, both radial and rectangular. For long-term operated facilities honeycomb modules are tailormade after each of them has been measured. The possibility of ensuring the required recirculation rate at low head loss and minimum liquid flow rate to prevent the recycled suspension from destruction and facilitate efficient floc formation is an essential advantage of the developed methods of recirculator designing and constructing. The presented high-efficient methods of coagulation and sedimentation improvement form the basis of prefabricated «Struiia» and «Vlaga» modular water treatment units with 100–12000 m3/day capacities. The units are designed for natural water treatment: turbidity and color removal, softening, defluorination, de-ironing (composite forms, high concentrations of iron) and disinfection. They are used in water supply systems of settlements, towns, hospital care and health resorts, sport centers, fish farms, industrial enterprises or separate production facilities.
Key words
turbidity , water treatment , modernization , residual aluminium , flocculation chamber , lamella settler , clarifier , honeycomb module
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UDC 628.161.3
Getmantsev S. V., Sychev A. V., Getmantsev V. S.
Prospects of coagulation water treatment
Summary
Despite the significant progress and increasing popularity of membrane water treatment methods chemical treatment keeps holding tightly its position. One of the most important characteristics of coagulants based on polyaluminium chloride is the basicity. The basicity, all other conditions being equal, determines the dealkylation rate and pH of water subject to coagulation. The value of pH obtained after coagulant hydrolysis, in its turn, determines the zeta potential of colloids present in water and kinetic persistence of the colloid system. During coagulation each type of colloid water pollutants has corresponding optimal pH value. The development of the technology of polyaluminium chloride production from high-purity metallic aluminium by «Aurat» JSC resulted in market launch of EPOKHA™ coagulant trademark with 40–83% basicity. The use of EPOKHA™ provides for choosing an optimal modification of polyaluminium chloride for every customer and every climatic season. Another new product manufactured by «Aurat» OJSC under GranEKO™ trademark is crystalline aluminium chlorhydrate with 65–83% basicity. The concentration of active matter in such product is up to 50% as Al2O3. High basicity provides for using GranEKO™ for the clarification of water with low alkaline reserve eliminating the use of alkalizing agents. An important trend in developing chemical water treatment means is the development of composite chemicals combining inorganic coagulant and organic polyelectrolyte. New composite chemicals of ERCHV™ series present a combination of coagulant based on aluminium salt, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and modifying additives that provide for the synergetic effect and storage stability. The variety of characteristics of water subject to treatment and applied process flow schemes require an integrated approach to the problem of pH correction during coagulation by using coagulant with higher or lower basicity and changing the injection point.
Key words
coagulation , residual aluminium , aluminium sulphate , aluminium polyoxychloride , chemical water treatment methods , basicity
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Kichigin V. I., Nesterenko O. I.
Selection of efficient chemicals for low turbid water purification from surface water sources
Summary
The results of laboratory study of selecting chemicals and optimal dosage for the purification of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir are presented. The laboratory tests of aluminium polyoxychlorides (14 kinds) and aluminium sulfate (16 kinds) were carried out. Coagulants manufactured by domestic and foreign manufacturers were studied. The optimal dosages of coagulants and flocculants were determined. Two of the coagulants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value in drinking water. It was stated that water treatment exclusively with coagulants with subsequent sedimentation and filtration ensured meeting the state drinking water standard. The results of the experimental studies of coagulation of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir showed that the maximum water clarification was achieved by sedimentation at the optimal coagulant dosage of 9.6 mg/dm3 for Al2O3 and 0.2 mg/dm3 flocculant dosage. At that the pollution loading on filters is reduced and the filter run increases.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , low turbid water
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UDC 628.16.081
Alekseeva L. P., Yegorov V. F., Staroselets L. N., Panicheva S. A., Adayeva S. N.
Reducing residual aluminium concentration in drinking water at the Yaroslavl South water treatment plant
Summary
The aspects of elevated residual aluminium concentrations in drinking water at the Yaroslavl South water treatment plant are considered. On the basis of analyzing the data on water quality the effect of separate parameters on the residual concentration of aluminium was revealed. The experimental results of investigating the Volga river water treatment with the use of different coagulants and flocculants are presented. The expediency of replacing aluminium sulfate and Praestol-650 flocculant with aluminium oxychloride coagulant in cold seasons is shown.
Key words
potable water , coagulant , flocculant , residual aluminium
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UDC 628.16.066.1(282.247.41)
Podkovyrov V. P., Arutyunova I. Yu., Yagunkov S. Yu., Shemyakin Yu. V., Strikhar Yu. V.
Technology of high-speed water clarification with the use of microsand
Summary
The Research & Development Centre of MPUE Mosvodokanal investigated a new process of high-speed water clarification. The presented technology is an upgraded option of the traditional technology of water clarification. It allows using the potential of coagulation-settlement processes to the maximum extent. These processes have been the vital stage of the water treatment technology. The results of the studies showed that the developed technology ensures more efficient color and permanganate oxidizability removal compared to the traditional water treatment process used; besides, it decreases drastically the concentration of residual aluminium in drinking water.
Key words
potable water , chromaticity , residual aluminium , high-speed clarification , microsand , permanganate oxidizability
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