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UDC 628.33
Gandurina L. V., Kvitka L. A., Nikitin R. A., Ansimov A. D.
Effect of dispersion characteristics of suspended solids
on the parameters of surface runoff treatment
Summary
Quantitative and dispersion characteristics of insoluble pollutants in rainfall and snow-melt water and its effect on the parameters of removing pollutants from water by sedimentation, chemical free and chemical filtration are considered. It is shown that the concentration of suspended solids in surface runoff multiply exceeds the concentration of oil products whereupon these pollutants are present in the form of two-component particles. In the particles oil products or inorganic admixtures can be adsorbed components, and during sedimentation of surface runoff suspended solids and oil products are being removed synchronically. The concentration and kinetic consistency of suspended solids from residential areas are lower than those from highways; which reduces the sedimentation time in the storage settling tank and concentration of pollutants in settled water. During 1–3 days of settling tank empting monotonic reduction of suspended solids concentration in settled water before filtration occurs. Fluctuation range depends on the sedimentation time in the settling tank, initial suspended solids concentration and tank empting time. The use of coagulants before filtration of settled surface runoff from highways provides for improving the treatment efficiency and obtaining sustained quality of filtered water.
Key words
settling , suspended substances , oil products , hydraulic size , surface runoff , filtration , kinetic consistency , coagulants , storage settling tank
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UDC 628.3.034.2:628.169.2
Artemenok N. D., Urvantseva M. I.
Complex Assessment of Processes of Wash Water Treatment at Water Supply Stations of the Western Siberia
Summary
Methods of treatment of wash water of water supply stations located at surface water sources of the Western Siberia are considered. The technology of the multiple use of wash water in the technological process at main facilities of pumping-filtration stations is offered. The basic properties of natural and wash waters are defined, sizes of the facilities required for qualitative treatment of wash water are calculated. Results of the experimental study and calculations made prove the possibility of application of the main technological scheme of natural water treatment (horizontal settling tanks and rapid filters) at operating treatment facilities for wash water treatment.
Key words
diffusion , wash water , horizontal settling tank , diffusion factor , sedimentation , hydraulic size
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UDC 628.161.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.03.02
Gandurina L. V., Budykina T. A., Iantsen O. V.
Removing fine clay impurities from natural water
Summary
The effect of the clay impurities (loams, clays, bentonites, kaolin) origin that determines the turbidity of natural water, on the kinetics of their sedimentation was studied. The percentage of clay impurities with a hydraulic size of 0.11 mm/s was determined. The effectiveness of the independent use of Praestol 650 cationic flocculant for removing clay impurities of various origin from turbid water is considered. It was established that the efficiency of natural water purification depended on the mineral composition and disperse characteristics of clay particles and could be increased for kaolinite-containing clay impurities from 69 to 91% by optimizing the flocculation parameters. It was shown that the optimal dose of Praestol 650 flocculant did not depend on the origin and disperse characteristics of clay particles and was 0.2 mg/l at an initial water turbidity of 107–187 mg/l. The possible use of the kinetic and flocculation characteristics of clay impurities in natural water to identify their mineral composition is considered.
Key words
cleansing , settling , turbidity , flocculation , hydraulic size , natural water , cationic flocculant , mixing rate gradient , clay impurities
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UDC 628.16
Gandurina L. V.
The use of VPK-402 coagulant for the removal of suspended solids of different origin and dispersiveness from water
Summary
The coagulation ability of VPK-402 organic coagulant in reducing water turbidity determined by fine mineral particles of different origin and dispersiveness is considered. Water coagulation was carried out under laboratory conditions following the pattern: mixing-flocculation-sedimentation. The concentration of suspended solids in water was determined from turbidity; dispersivenes – from particle hydraulic size U0. The studies were carried out with modeling water with turbidity less than 115 mg/l containing mainly fine-dispersed suspension of bentonite clays, kaolin, quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide with less than 0.2 mm/s hydraulic size. It was found that the hydraulic size of clay suspensions was determined by their swelling capacity in water; whereas for quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide suspension – by the particle size distribution of the original minerals. The optimal dosage of VPK-402 for clay mineral coagulation does not depend on their dispersive characteristics and equals to 0.5 mg/l, i. e. 5–10 times higher than the coagulant dosages for modeling waters with finely dispersed particles of quartz, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate. The efficiency of water clarification lowers with the increase of the percentage of particles with less than 0.05 mm/s hydraulic size irrespective of their origin. The results of the Kuban River water purification validated the obtained regularities. The efficiency of using VPK-402 organic coagulant for reducing water turbidity depending on the origin and dispersiveness (hydraulic size) of suspended solids represented by bentonite clay, kaolin, quartz, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide particles is considered. The obtained results can be used in practice for optimization of water coagulation to remove suspended solids.
Key words
turbidity , suspended substances , chromaticity , coagulation , hydraulic size , natural water , organic coagulant , polyelectrolyte
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.07.02
UDC 628.16.065.2
Gandurina L. V., Frog B. N., Mashtakova Ekaterina
The use of organic coagulants for turbid water clarification
Summary
The results of studies of the coagulating ability of domestic organic coagulants of well-known brands for the treatment of turbid waters with color not exceeding the water quality target, depending on the characteristics of the coagulants, water turbidity and process parameters of coagulation and sedimentation are presented. The efficiency of using organic coagulants VPK-402, Kaustamin-15 and Biopag to reduce the turbidity of water caused by fine-grained clay particles with a hydraulic size of less than 0.01 mm/s is considered. It was found that VPK-402 coagulant characterized by the highest molecular weight, possessed the greatest coagulating ability. It was shown that the dose of the coagulant did not exceed 0.4 mg/l with an increase in the turbidity of the source water to 750 mg/l. The maximum reduction in water turbidity by sedimentation with the use of organic coagulants is observed with a flocculation time of 20 minutes, where 83–84% of the resulting flocs have a hydraulic size of more than 0.8 mm/s.
Key words
settling , turbidity , flocculation , hydraulic size , organic coagulants , water clarification
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UDC 628.316.12
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.05
Stepanov S. V., Panfilova O. N., Doubman I. S.
Results of studying the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater
Summary
The results of studies on the removal of heavy metal ions from acid-base wastewater of electroplating industry by neutralization, sedimentation and filtration are presented. During a laboratory experiment carried out with processing real acid-base wastewater of one of the enterprises in Samara with caustic soda, the optimal pH range found was 9.8–10.6. Using a flow through model of a vertical settling tank, the calculated hydraulic size of the suspension generated during the alkalization of the given wastewater category was determined that can be taken as 0.28 mm/s. The level of heavy metal ion removal in the process of galvanic wastewater treatment according to the flow scheme «pH adjustment – settling tank – filter with granular media» was experimentally determined in mg/l as: total iron 0.42–0.97; copper 0.028–0.087; nickel 0.016–0.073; zinc 0.047–0.28; cadmium 0.006–0.016. At the same time, the requirements for receiving industrial effluents into the Samara municipal sewer were met only for iron; whereas, the concentrations of other metals ranged from 0.85 to 13.3 shares of the permissible concentrations; therefore, in order to achieve the established standards, additional treatment was required, for example, by sorption.
Key words
wastewater , hydraulic size , filtration , galvanic production , heavy metal ions , neutralization
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