bbk 000000
UDC 628.316:66.081.63
Pervov A. G., Matveyev N. A.
The use of membranes for surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment
Summary
The results of investigating the technology of surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment with the use of reverse osmosis systems equipped with specially designed membrane units with «open» channel that provide for processing water with high concentration of suspended matter are presented. For processing raw wastewater in the membrane unit two concentrating stages are used: at the first stage – reverse osmosis membranes that ensure high quality treatment, and at the second stage – nanofiltration membranes that ensure concentrating solutions with high salt content with the minimum power consumption. The specific feature of the technology is in the utilization of the reverse osmosis concentrate that is removed from the system together with wet sludge. The results of the laboratory studies of storm water membrane treatment with the use of special roll elements with «open» channel and new BLF membranes are presented. It is stated that increasing permeate output to 0.9 results in 2.5–3-fold decrease of the equipment capacity. Car wash water undergoes the same treatment. The pilot tests show that increasing salt concentration in recycling water higher than 17 000 mg/l is impractical. The relationships of the increase of pollutant concentration in permeate and membrane capacity depending on the increase of the salt content in water under treatment and the ratio of volume concentrating in a reverse osmosis unit are presented. The parameters of membrane units operating with wastewater of this type with efficient removal of oil products, detergents and other pollutants are determined. Possible utilization of concentrate is shown.
Key words
suspended substances , filtrate , oil products , concentrate , reverse osmosis , surface runoff
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16.6
Pervov A. G., Efremov R. V., Spitsov D. V., Andrianov A. P., Gorbunova T. P.
Membrane methods in drinking water supply: membrane selection, water quality prediction, concentrate utilization
Summary
It is shown that the use of membrane reverse osmosis and nanofiltration units for drinking water treatment is complicated by the presence of large amounts of concentrates subject to the discharge into the sewer. To reduce water use for local needs the technology of concentrate treatment at the additional stage with the use of nanofiltration membranes was developed and tested. The flow of the generated concentrate is less than 1–6% of the total water flow rate whereas the second stage filtrate can be blended with either treated or incoming water depending on the hardness or presence of such pollutants as iron, ammonium, fluorine, arsenic etc. Process flow schemes, mass balance and the composition of incoming water, filtrate and concentrate at different treatment stages are presented.
Key words
filtrate , reverse osmosis , nanofiltration , drinking water supply , membrane method , concentrate utilization
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.33.001.2
Simulation and Calculation of Sedimentation Tanks
Summary
Results of the study of processes of water treatment for suspended substances are presented. In the course of calculation of facilities and apparatuses used for extraction of the suspended phase of contamination, it’s necessary to take into account its disperse composition, density, concentration, surface properties of the liquid phase and the indicator of flows dynamics.
Key words:
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , kinetics , filtrate , diffusion , Agglomeration
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.543.1
Kofman V. Ya.
Treatment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate
Summary
A review of the international sources of information on the treatment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate is presented. The leachate of municipal solid waste landfill is a type of wastewater characterized by small variable volume and complicated chemical composition. The technologies of leachate collection and treatment overseas have been continuously improved. The processing schemes are, as a rule, combinations of biological, physical, chemical, and membrane processes. The most perspective in this field are SBR-reactors, membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis units and ozonation systems. Leachate recycling and combined treatment with municipal wastewater, traditional aerobic and anaerobic processes, sedimentation lagoons and phytoremediation are also used. The process flow schemes include the processes of coagulation, flotation, chemical precipitation and adsorption.
Key words
filtrate , municipal solid waste , landfills , infiltration , environmental pollution , leachate treatment technologies
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35
Matуushenko Evgeny, Gundyreva Tat’iana
Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities with chemical phosphorus removal from reject water
Summary
The problems associated with the eutrophication of water bodies receiving effluents containing phosphorus in residual concentrations are described. The reasons for the most intensive phosphorus release into the intrasite sewage system during sludge processing are given. It has been established that the discharge of this wastewater into the head structures of wastewater treatment facilities leads to an increase in the nutrients loading (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, COD. The results of experimental studies on the selection of the optimal type and dosage of the chemical for the removal of phosphates from reject water generated during municipal wastewater sludge treatment are given. The purpose of the research is to find ways to remove phosphorus to eliminate the increase in phosphorus concentration in the receiving chamber observed as a result of reject water discharge from the sludge treatment facilities, and to ensure the wastewater treatment of the intrasite sewage system of the treatment facilities with minimal construction and operating costs as well as to produce reusable sludge. A process flow scheme of the nutrients removal from the wastewater of intrasite sewage system of the treatment facilities of Novosibirsk is proposed. The process provides for the sludge that after stabilization and decontamination can be used as organic fertilizer for industrial crops.
Key words
filtrate , wastewater , reagent , phosphorous , filtrate , sewerage treatment facilities , biogenic elements , sludge water , intrasite sewage system
|
bbk 000000
UDC 504.064.47:628.31.4
Chistiakov N. E., Strelkov A. K., Lobanov V. I., Zanina Zh. V.
Processing leachate from municipal solid waste landfills for further utilization
Summary
The operation of municipal solid waste landfills produces a negative impact on the environment. The landfill leachate contains high concentrations of mineral and organic substances and, according to many researchers, is highly toxic. The qualitative characteristics of leachate depend on the age of the landfill, climate conditions and season of the year, amount of atmospheric precipitation, fallout pattern and other factors. Undoubtedly, the leachate quality is determined also by the chemical composition of wastes disposed to the landfill. Leachate handling is an urgent problem. Most often leachate treatment to the effluent quality meeting the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery waters is suggested. All the technologies and methods of this direction are fairly complicated and expensive. As a result additional wastes reluctant to utilization are generated. The possibility of using leachate for the landfill irrigation is suggested for consideration. This is the best practice since the effluent is retuned back to the landfill solid which is a natural biological reactor. Pretreatment, leachate saturation with oxygen and its further use for landfill irrigation will provide for reducing the time needed for complete destruction of organic compounds to the formation of humic acids, humate and organic soil; and also reducing significantly the negative impact of landfills on the environment including aquifers. In this case most of leachate evaporates and goes to the atmosphere eliminating any serious impact on it.
Key words
cleansing , filtrate , organic substances , environment , municipal solid waste landfill , recycling , aerobic process
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16:62-278
Pervov A. G., Andrianov A. P., Gorbunova T. P.
Development of Membrane Techniques with Reduced Water Consumption for Own Needs
Summary
Issues of the improvement of membrane techniques used in water treatment for the reduction of consumption of a concentrate at reverse osmosis plants and wash water at ultrafiltration units are considered. A change in the design of the membrane canal makes it possible to eliminate the causes of formation of sediment’s crystals. New techniques of water treatment with utilization of the concentrate and reduction of water consumption for own needs are proposed.
Key words:
filtrate , water treatment , concentrate , membrane , reverse osmosis , ultrafiltration
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.06
UDC 628.16.065.2:553.635.1
Kamarou Maksim, Kamluk Tat’iana
Synthetic gypsum prepared from natural water coagulation sludge
Summary
The results of studies on the preparation of gypsum from waste sulfuric acid from the production of chemical fibers, and calcium-containing waste sludge generated in the process of natural water coagulation, are presented. During the synthesis of spent sulfuric acid and coagulation sludge, calcium sulfate dihydrate with crystals of a given size and shape is formed, as well as a by-product – a filtrate with a high concentration of Mg, Na, S and Ca. The availability of these elements opens up the potential of using the filtrate as a microfertilizer, and ferrous sulfate (about 11 wt. %) as a coagulant. The availability of iron in the filtrate also opens up the doors to using it as a precursor for the production of catalytic materials for removing dissolved organic substances from wastewater by photocatalytic treatment, or for the production of sorption materials for removing oil products from wastewater. Iron in these materials will give them additional magnetic properties to enhance their extraction from the treated aqueous media. The technical and economic analysis showed that using the filtrate significantly increases the investment efficiency of the proposed technological process.
Key words
filtrate , natural water , gypsum , coagulation sludge , fertilizer
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.336
Koulakov A. A., Terekhova E. M., Kutsevol M. A.
Improvement of municipal wastewater sludge treatment methods
Summary
The introduction of the process schemes of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater demands a customized approach to handling the generated sludge. Permanent residence of sludge during thickening in anoxic conditions results in its septicity, deterioration of dewatering properties and phosphorus yield into supernatant. The results of the study of possible enhancement of municipal wastewater sludge thickening processes through the example of the Vologda wastewater treatment facilities that use nitrification-denitrification and biological dephosphorization in wastewater treatment are presented. During sludge dewatering in belt filter presses two return flows are generated – filtrate and washwater. Filtrate contains residual flocculant that can be reused. It was found that adding 10–15% filtrate from the dewatering facilities to the sludge during thickening resulted in increasing the thickening rate within first 30 minutes of the process, in particular; this fact provides for almost double reduction of the sludge amount. It is noted that 3 hours preaeration of sludge during thickening reduces the time of thickening by increasing the settling rate from 0.8 to 1.2–1.4 mm/min. A process flow scheme of sludge processing that includes two-stage thickening with preaeration and filtrate dosing and subsequent mechanical dewatering has been developed. Combining preaeration and filtrate dosing provides for reducing the sludge thickening time to 3–6 hours; improving its dewatering properties and reducing the dosage of flocculant during dewatering.
Key words
filtrate , activated sludge , compaction , wastewater sludges , dephosphatization , preaeration
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.35:661.5
Nikolaev Yu. A., KAZAKOVA E. A., Kharkina O. V., Dorofeev A. G.
Nitrogen Removal from Return Flows of Sludge Treatment Facilities by Means of Nitri-Denitrification Without an Additional Source of Carbon
Summary
Results of the study of the process of simultaneous nitri-denitrification using the nitrite for removal of ammonium from the filtrate of belt thickeners of digested sludge at the Kuryanovo treatment facilities are presented. Introduction of the developed technology of biological treatment of wastewater containing ammonium nitrogen of high concentration and stripped with organic compounds readily oxidized without an additional source of organic carbon makes it possible to obtain the high efficiency of removal of nitrogen, suspended substances, COD, BOD5. Microorganisms capable to make denitrification using the organic substances not easily available that determines properties of activated sludge have been separated from activated sludge of a laboratory reactor.
Key words
filtrate , nitrogen removal , return flows , simultaneous nitri-denitrification , belt thickener , digested sludge of wastewater
|
|
