Pilot testing of the technology for the treatment of industrial storm water of a steelworks

Summary

Purification of industrial storm water of a complex composition to the discharge standards for fishery water bodies is a very important, but hereby, a complex and expensive task. Choosing correctly the equipment and technological process flow scheme must be carried out at the first stage of the implementation of a comprehensive project. The treatment flow scheme must include the optimal technical and economic indicators, whereas the waste generated during the treatment process must be minimally toxic and subject to landfilling. Therefore, at the first stages of the project implementation, it is important not only to calculate the treatment flow scheme, but also to conduct pilot tests to confirm or confute its effectiveness. The paper shows the stages of testing two schemes and selecting the best option that meets the customer’s requirements. It should be noted that the greatest difficulties are associated with the requirement to remove heavy metals, namely copper: its concentration in the effluent should not exceed 0.001 mg/dm³. Also noteworthy is a high concentration of oil products – more than 6 mg/dm³. As a result of the pilot tests, a new technological flow scheme for the wastewater treatment was developed, providing indicators as close as possible to the required values.

Key words

flotation , heavy metals , dynamic softening system , industrial storm water , treatment facilities , mechanical filtration , carbon filter

UDC 628.164-92:66.081.63
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.05.01

Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Kharitonov Nikolai, Shilov Mikhail, Savochkin Andrei, Riabchikov Boris

Purification of water with high permanent hardness and salinity

Summary

Chemical softening methods have been widely used in the practice of water treatment, primarily in the energetics and industry for softening, decarbonization and decoloration of water. In combination with reverse osmosis, they provide for preparing water of the required qualitative composition. In drinking water supply softening methods are used quite rarely due to a number of circumstances, such as the need to use various chemicals that are not typical for public water supply; generation of a large volume of sludge subject to subsequent processing, and, what is most important, resulting in highly alkaline water with pH of more than 10 unacceptable for drinking water. However, in case only but water sources with such a complex composition are available, then chemical methods have to be used. In Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC studies were carried out to obtain high-quality water from an underground source of uncharacteristic salt composition, with a high content of sulfates and low alkalinity, provided that the purification technology should generate minimum liquid waste. After testing several technology options in pilot plants, a scheme was proposed that met the requirements of the customer. It should be noted that underground water of the southern regions of the country has a partially similar salt composition, so the results of pilot tests can also be applied to obtain drinking water from similar sources.

Key words

reagent treatment , flow chart of treatment , reverse osmosis , desalination , hardness , pilot plant , sulphates , water , dynamic softening system , liming , sodium liming , soda softening , sludge blanket , dynamic softening system water conditioning

UDC 628.164-92:669.443.7
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.07.04

Riabchikov Boris, Panteleev Aleksei, Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Shilov Mikhail

Problems of removing heavy metals salts from wastewater:
options and solutions

Summary

Many industrial enterprises generate large amounts of wastewater containing salts of various heavy metals and their compounds. Numerous technological options have been developed to extract heavy metals from wastewater: ion exchange and membrane technologies, as well as chemical methods. However, using the first two methods results in the generation of new highly concentrated solutions of toxic components that require subsequent landfilling or solidification. Chemical methods provide for obtaining waste in the form of sludge that also needs processing and landfilling. Consequently, these technologies are often combined. Some methods based on the intensive chemical precipitation in a vortex layer in the presence of seeding material, sand, as a rule, can be considered as an alternative. In this case, products of the process are granules, usually calcium carbonate, with heavy metals or other toxic contaminants bound in the carbonate layer. The developed dynamic water softening system (DSS), designed to remove carbonate hardness from drinking water, was tested for the purpose of removing non-ferrous metals. The results obtained allow us to expect the high efficiency of this method.

Key words

wastewater treatment , reagent methods , heavy metals , dynamic softening system , solubility of hydroxyls, carbonates and sulfides of salts of non-ferrous heavy metals , waste containment

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.06.02
UDC 628.164

Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail

Development of a dynamic water softening system – DSS

Summary

Underground water sources with a high concentration of hardness salts are often used for drinking water supply. The known methods of softening result in the formation of a significant amount of liquid and solid waste – saline wastewater or sludge that cannot be subject to utilization. Chemical softening of drinking water in clarifiers is rarely used due to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the required and constant water temperature, to the complexity of installations and their maintenance. Since the 1990s, the technology of chemical softening in intensified reactors (vortex and in a blanket) has been widely used in drinking water supply. Such apparatuses have been widely used in Europe and the USA. Currently, Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC has been working on the development and study of this reactor type. They have a high specific capacity – 50–100 m³/(m²·h) and are much easier to maintain compared to clarifiers. The capacity of such equipment reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. Their main advantage is the absence of liquid discharges, generation of solid waste, which can be subject to utilization, as well as an almost 100% yield of
clean water.

Key words

potable water , pilot plant , chemical water softening , calcic pellets , fluidized bed , intensified reactor , dynamic softening system , contact media blanket

UDC 628.316.12:628.212.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.07.06

Bobinkin V. V., Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Savenkov Pavel, Shapovalov Dmitrii, Shilov Mikhail

Designing facilities for the treatment of industrial storm water of steelworks

Summary

In line with the environmental program being developed over many years to reduce the negative impact on water resources, the steelworks launched modern facilities for the treatment of industrial storm water of a complex composition. The greatest difficulties are associated with the presence of oil products and heavy metals in industrial storm water provided that the requirements for the removal of heavy metals are very stringent, primarily regarding the copper concentration, i.e. it should not exceed 0.001 mg/dm³ in the effluent. To estimate the efficiency of the existing treatment facilities and take measures for their upgrade, the experts of the steelworks carried out some research work to select the optimal equipment and technological treatment scheme. After the pilot tests, the previously proposed schemes were rejected and a new one was developed that should meet all the requirements. The newly designed facilities were put into constant operation with the required treatment efficiency achieved. For the first time a dynamic softening system (DSS) with columns 1800 mm in diameter was used on an industrial scale to remove heavy metals from wastewater.

Key words

cleansing , flotation , heavy metals , dynamic softening system , industrial storm water , treatment facilities , mechanical filtration , carbon filter

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.02
UDC 628.164

Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shapovalov Dmitrii, Kharitonov Nikolai, Shilov Mikhail

Comparison of the options of systems for adjusting the salt composition of water from underground sources

Summary

Underground water sources with a high content of hardness salts are often used for drinking water supply. To achieve drinking water quality reducing its hardness is required. Known methods of softening result in the formation of a significant amount of liquid and solid wastes, i. e. mineralized wastewater or sludge that cannot be disposed of. Chemical water softening in clarifiers is used quite rarely owing to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the constant required water temperature, and the complexity and maintenance of the equipment. In the 1990s, the technology of chemical softening in intensified reactors (vortex and blanket) was developed that gained widespread use in drinking water supply. Such units are quite frequently used in Europe and USA. At present Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company JSC is taking on the task of designing and testing reactors of this type. They have a high specific output of 50–100 m³/(m²·h), and their maintenance is much easier compared to clarifiers. The capacity of such plants reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. Their main advantage is the elimination of liquid discharges and generation of solid wastes that can subject to utilization, while the yield of clean water is about 100%.

Key words

potable water , reverse osmosis , suspended layer , pilot plant , chemical softening , water softening , contact media , calcic pellets , fluidized bed , intensified reactor , dynamic softening system , sodium cycle