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UDC 628.33
Gandurina L. V., Kvitka L. A., Nikitin R. A., Ansimov A. D.
Effect of dispersion characteristics of suspended solids
on the parameters of surface runoff treatment
Summary
Quantitative and dispersion characteristics of insoluble pollutants in rainfall and snow-melt water and its effect on the parameters of removing pollutants from water by sedimentation, chemical free and chemical filtration are considered. It is shown that the concentration of suspended solids in surface runoff multiply exceeds the concentration of oil products whereupon these pollutants are present in the form of two-component particles. In the particles oil products or inorganic admixtures can be adsorbed components, and during sedimentation of surface runoff suspended solids and oil products are being removed synchronically. The concentration and kinetic consistency of suspended solids from residential areas are lower than those from highways; which reduces the sedimentation time in the storage settling tank and concentration of pollutants in settled water. During 1–3 days of settling tank empting monotonic reduction of suspended solids concentration in settled water before filtration occurs. Fluctuation range depends on the sedimentation time in the settling tank, initial suspended solids concentration and tank empting time. The use of coagulants before filtration of settled surface runoff from highways provides for improving the treatment efficiency and obtaining sustained quality of filtered water.
Key words
settling , suspended substances , oil products , hydraulic size , surface runoff , filtration , kinetic consistency , coagulants , storage settling tank
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Alekseeva L. P.
Influence of Conditions of Formation and Composition of Filter Wash Water on the Process of Their Treatment
Summary
Results of the research in filter wash water treatment at different water supply stations are presented. Studies conducted and pre-design technological investigations make it possible to establish that compositions and properties of wash water at various water supply stations vary significantly and depend on the quality of influent water which may vary according to the seasons of the year as well as the technology of its treatment (types and dozes of reagent, operation conditions and conditions of the treatment facilities). It is established, that the efficiency of reagent-free clarification of wash water of various types depends on the content of mineral substances in them. Depending on the type of wash water, flocculants as well as coagulants together with flocculants can be used for their advanced reagent treatment.
Key words
wash water of filters , turbidity , suspended substances , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant
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UDC 628.353
Chesalov S. M., Lion Iu. A., Ptitsyn V. V., Malozemov A. V.
Gabion filtration facilities for surface runoff treatment
Summary
The design and characteristics of gabion filtration treatment facilities developed and designed by the specialists of «ECOLANDSHAFT-XXI century» NPO LLC are presented. The analysis of wastewater and effluent samples collected at different seasons of the year from the inlet and outlet of the different gabion facilities showed that the efficiency of treatment both in terms of suspended solids and oil products and COD, BOD5 met the maximum permissible pollutant concentrations set for fishery waters. Gabion facilities are open gravity facilities, which do not require any chemicals, pumps, electricity or premises for their operation. They include two sections, each of them having four treatment stages: accumulating settling tank; filtration chamber with granular bed; bioplato; filtration chamber with sorbent. Gabion facilities include bioplato as a mandatory and very important element for treatment which is a shallow impoundment seeded with macrophytes and which ensures removing a number of pollutants. Due to the use of gabions, bioplato and chemical free treatment the gabion facilities can be qualified as nature like facilities which can be retrofitted into the landscape and have an attractive look becoming a part of the landscape. By now more than 120 gabion filtration treatment facilities with up to 15 years service time have been designed and built. The facilities provide for the treatment of surface runoff from highways, industrial sites of technology and industrial parks.
Key words
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , surface runoff , gabion filtration treatment facilities , petrol products , BOD5 , COD , filter with granular bed , bioplato , sorbent
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UDC 628.34:66.081
Maiboroda A. B., Katraeva I. V., Kolpakov M. V.
Effluent polishing with the use of ultrafiltration
Summary
The results of investigating the removal of phosphate ions and suspended solids that enhance eutrophication of water bodies from biologically treated domestic wastewater after secondary settling tank are presented. Experimental studies of effluent polishing with the use of ultrafiltration technology in combination with coagulation were carried in the laboratory of the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The aluminium hydroxychloride dosage of 20 mg/l as Al2O3 was used as a coagulant. Hollow-fiber module manufactured by Fazerkraft Russian Company with polyvinylidenefluoride was used for tangential ultrafiltration in cycle mode. The membrane module is a device with a cylindrical shell with a bunch of hollow fibers inside with porous walls. The impact of transmembrane pressure on the filtration process was investigated. It was found that the specific flow rate of permeate increases with the increase of transmembrane pressure within the range of 0.05–0.2 bar. The tests showed that 20-fold increasing the concentration of the suspension subject to treatment does not result in any significant decrease of permeate production of the membrane module. Increasing recycling rate (of tangential flow) results in the increase of permeate flow; however, on account of technical and economic aspects, the range of low recycle flow values is of most interest. The results of the studies showed that the suggested ultrafiltration technology provided for almost complete elimination of suspended solids (more than 93% treatment efficiency), 97% reduction of phosphates in wastewater, and reduction to 0.04 mg/l aluminium concentration in permeate.
Key words
suspended substances , membrane module , wastewater aftertreatment , phosphates , ultrafiltration
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UDC 628.316:66.081.63
Pervov A. G., Matveyev N. A.
The use of membranes for surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment
Summary
The results of investigating the technology of surface runoff and recycling car wash water treatment with the use of reverse osmosis systems equipped with specially designed membrane units with «open» channel that provide for processing water with high concentration of suspended matter are presented. For processing raw wastewater in the membrane unit two concentrating stages are used: at the first stage – reverse osmosis membranes that ensure high quality treatment, and at the second stage – nanofiltration membranes that ensure concentrating solutions with high salt content with the minimum power consumption. The specific feature of the technology is in the utilization of the reverse osmosis concentrate that is removed from the system together with wet sludge. The results of the laboratory studies of storm water membrane treatment with the use of special roll elements with «open» channel and new BLF membranes are presented. It is stated that increasing permeate output to 0.9 results in 2.5–3-fold decrease of the equipment capacity. Car wash water undergoes the same treatment. The pilot tests show that increasing salt concentration in recycling water higher than 17 000 mg/l is impractical. The relationships of the increase of pollutant concentration in permeate and membrane capacity depending on the increase of the salt content in water under treatment and the ratio of volume concentrating in a reverse osmosis unit are presented. The parameters of membrane units operating with wastewater of this type with efficient removal of oil products, detergents and other pollutants are determined. Possible utilization of concentrate is shown.
Key words
suspended substances , filtrate , oil products , concentrate , reverse osmosis , surface runoff
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UDC 628.345.1.001.2
Getmantsev S. V., Gandurina L. V., Sychev A. V.
Research in Coagulation Properties of AQUA-AURAT™18and Aluminium Sulphate at Independent and Combined Application
Summary
Results of the experimental studies on coagulation of pollutants of various types (suspended substances, dyes and humic substances) with coagulant AQUA-AURAT™18 and aluminium sulphate at combined application depending on their ratio and order of insertion in comparison with composite coagulant AQUA-AURAT™105 are presented. It is shown, that the combined use of aluminium sulphate and AQUA-AURAT™18 at consecutive insertion or in the form of composition intensifies the process of water treatment for suspended and dissolved acid substances (humates and acid dyes) comparing with the independent use of coagulants at a lesser or equal dose. The composite coagulant AQUA-AURAT™105 is more efficient for removal of suspended substances from wastewater than dissolved organic pollutants of acid type.
Key words
suspended substances , coagulation , coagulant , water treatment , humic substances , dye
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UDC 628.334.5
FESENKO L. N., Popov D. V., Koulikov N. I.
Investigating an advanced method of surface runoff treatment in the city of Sochi
Summary
The results of investigating storm water treatment technologies under the conditions of Sochi are presented. A pilot treatment plant is described, the operation of the basic units – lamella settler and filters – is considered. The kinetics of surface runoff suspended solids sedimentation is investigated. The performance characteristics of the lamella module during chemical sedimentation: downward clarified water flow rate in cavities, upward flow in plate spacing, and water surface loading were determined. The efficiency of using fibrous filter for storm water treatment was theoretically substantiated and studied. The service adhesive capacity of the filter was determined. The methods of the treatment unit regeneration are suggested.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , sorption , flocculant , regeneration , lamella settler , flow rate , fibrous filter , adhesive capacity
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UDC 550.41+556.114
Boldyrev Kirill, KUZMIN V. V., KURANOV N. P.
The method of calculating heavy metal release from the layer of water body bottom deposits
Summary
The basics of the method of predicting heavy metal distribution between water and solid phases of bottom deposits in water bodies is outlined. Compared to other models of calculating heavy metal distribution between bottom deposits and void water the developed methodology takes into account the ongoing geochemical processes at the improved level with the use of advanced methods of geochemical modeling. An example of calculating heavy metal distribution under the conditions of the chemical composition of the solution changing with the use of advanced calculation methods in PhreeqC 2.18 program code is presented. The method can be used for the following tasks: geological mapping of the pollution of bottom deposits with heavy metals in water reservoirs and lakes; evaluation of the impact of bottom deposits on the chemical composition of water in water reservoirs and lakes; evaluation of the possible elimination of bottom deposits pollution or their immobilization and other measures of mitigating their impact on the water quality; evaluation of bottom deposits removal during dredging and also for solving the problem of their further utilization; evaluation of the possible instantaneous release of heavy metals from polluted bottom deposits and other emergency situations.
Key words
suspended substances , ion exchange , heavy metals , bottom deposits , geochemical thermodynamic sorption model , cation sorption
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UDC 628.33.001.2
Simulation and Calculation of Sedimentation Tanks
Summary
Results of the study of processes of water treatment for suspended substances are presented. In the course of calculation of facilities and apparatuses used for extraction of the suspended phase of contamination, it’s necessary to take into account its disperse composition, density, concentration, surface properties of the liquid phase and the indicator of flows dynamics.
Key words:
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , kinetics , filtrate , diffusion , Agglomeration
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UDC 628.336.57
Shtonda Yu. I., Zubko A. L.
Dewatering of Municipal Wastewater Sludge at Mobile Compact Complexes
Summary
The actual problem of reduction of volumes of wastewater sludge and areas allotted for them accordingly is considered. Specific complications at sewerage treatment facilities of the health resort cities of the water areas of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov connected with significant seasonal changes of volumes of incoming wastewater are described. The original economic method of sludge dewatering using the compact complex on the basis of a belt press filter ПЛ-6K manufactured by the SPF Ekoton is offered. The use of the compact complex of mechanical dewatering of sludge will make it possible to dewater both the sludge from municipal treatment facilities and from sewerage treatment facilities of groups of nearby settlements without necessity to construct separate shops of mechanical dewatering or transportation of large volumes of sludge to stationary shops.
Key words
suspended substances , sewerage treatment facilities , mechanical dewatering , belt press filter , mobile compact complex , filter cake , filtrate
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UDC 628.212.2
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Gorshkalev P. A., Korenkova S. F., Sargsyan A. M.
Indirect method of determining pollution concentrations of train track surface runoff
Summary
The classification (categorization) of the train track and railway station ballast section pollution density has been developed and approbated. Each category of train track pollution density is specified and the criteria of the space interval attribution to a pollution density category are presented. The pollution concentration of train track surface runoff as a function of the ballast section pollution density is determined.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , train track , ballast section , pollution density classification , pollution density category
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UDC 628.113.8:504.064.2
Boronina L. V., Sadchikov P. N.
The appraisal of surface water sources quality
Summary
The results of the statistical appraisal of the parameters indicating the growth of vast majority of pollutants in the total volume of water samples are presented. Herewith the absolute values of the basic growth are positive, which is the evidence of the pollution buildup compared to 2006. The positive values of chain growth indicate unfavorable dynamics of the gradual increase of the given substances in weight; whereas the relevant comparative values (basic and chain increase and growth rates) show their percentage build-up.
Key words
treatment facilities , suspended substances , chromaticity , odor , pollutant , water sample
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UDC 628.316
Ponomarev V. G.
Evaluation of pollutant characteristic when choosing wastewater treatment methods
Summary
The variety of pollutant characteristics in industrial effluents is considered. When choosing a treatment method in each particular case the evaluation of pollutants with testing the indicators that characterize mineral particles in suspended phase is required. Their correlation described by the first- and second order equations is disclosed. The dependences used at present for the recalculation of the laboratory data on particle hydraulic size that should be separated to provide for the required precipitation effect with the purpose of calculating the geometry of the facilities included into the project are considered. The conclusion is drawn about possible errors of the applied method of precipitation process modeling. On the basis of the research results a new indicator is suggested – agglomeration index that characterizes agglomeration capability of pollution suspended particles. The technique of its determining and the method of recalculating laboratory data on hydraulic size obtained for the layer depth differing from the settling level in the applied facility with account of the agglomeration of pollution suspended phase are presented. As shows the experience of evaluating many designed projects and technical solutions the authors of which have participated in tenders a large number of these solutions are not supported by the analysis, do not have enough proofs and are often a fortiori incorrect and consequently cheap. Therefore tender boards find difficulties in making an objective choice.
Key words
suspended substances , Agglomeration , wastewater , settling kinetics , agglomeration index , hydraulic size
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UDC 628.32:628.221
Skolubovich Iurii, Voytov E. L., Tsyba A. A., Balchugov D. V., Kamaletdinov A. R.
Purification of storm water from the territories of industrial enterprises
Summary
The state of surface runoff disposal systems in Russia has been considered. In many cities the systems of atmospheric precipitation removal are in an extremely unsatisfactory condition since they have hardly undergone any upgrade. During intensive precipitation and heavy snowmelt rain and melt water accumulate on the territory of industrial enterprises. At the same time the treatment of surface runoff is complicated by the increase in volumes of wastewater and the physical deterioration of treatment facilities. As a result surface runoff containing suspended solids, oil products and other pollutants enters water bodies without treatment producing a negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies. The characteristic of the composition of surface runoff of industrial enterprises is given on the example of a coal preparation plant in the city of Novosibirsk. Methods of treatment are considered. In order to reduce the harmful effects of surface runoff on water bodies at the Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) storm water treatment technology has been developed that provides for the effluent discharge into open water bodies or usage in recirculating water supply of enterprises.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , surface runoff , water body , storm water treatment
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UDC 628.35:62-278
Pervov A. G., Matveyev N. A., Karasyev P. L., Motovilova N. B.
Removing oil products and detergents from surface runoff with the use of reverse osmosis systems
Summary
The studies of developing advanced technologies of surface runoff treatment from oil products and detergents are presented. The technologies are based on the process of reverse osmosis with the use of membrane units of a new type with an «open channel». Eliminating the causes of deposit formation can provide for ten-fold increase of the incoming water concentration in the units. The amount of concentrate (aqueous solution containing concentrated pollutants) is reduced to less than 1% of the initial water amount. With such small amount the concentrate is removed together with sludge. The estimations of the economic benefit of the rational utilization of surface runoff for technical purposes are presented.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , reverse osmosis , surface runoff , water treatment , membrane unit , concentration factor
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UDC 628.33:627.834
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.12.07
Martynenko Grigorii, Naimanov A. Ia., Naimanova Asiiat
Purification of mine water of a non-ferrous metal mine in a pilot plant
Summary
The results of pilot studies of liming, coagulation, sorption and ion exchange are presented to determine the efficiency of removing contaminants from the mine water of a non-ferrous metal mine to meet the MPC values for fishery reservoirs. Mine water is polluted with suspended substances, ions of copper, manganese, iron, zinc and nickel, petroleum products and nitrates, as well as with a small amount of feces. The pilot plant provides for two stage treatment: first, chemical-free sedimentation, addition of chlorine, lime, coagulant and flocculant, and clarification in a vertical settling tank-clarifier with polymer «brushes» in the top media. At the second stage, primary water is filtrated through parallelly installed a sodium cation exchanger filter and a sorption filter. The plant capacity was 1 m3/h. Studies were carried out on water purification in different seasons of the year with significant fluctuations in the quality indicators. It was established that the proposed process flow scheme provided for removing the main pollutants to meet the requirements for the effluent discharge into a fishery reservoir.
Key words
suspended substances , coagulation , sorption , ion exchange , liming , purification of mine water , copper and manganese ions
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UDC 628.35: 661.5.63
Ospanov K. T., Elzhasov A. A.
Sewerage Treatment Facilities of the City of Astana (Kazakhstan)
Summary
The flow chart of biological treatment of municipal wastewater making it possible to increase the efficiency of removal of phosphorous compounds equally with the efficient removal of nitrogen compounds is offered. Advantage of this technology is possibility of reconstruction and modernization of operating treatment facilities with the maximum use of existing capacities. The technique of nitri-denitrification with a dephosphatation chamber is used at the operating facilities of the city of Astana. Zeolite of the Chankanayskoye deposit is used as a media. Zeolite intensifies the processes of advanced biological treatment of wastewater both for organic pollutants and biogenic elements.
Key words
sedimentation tank , suspended substances , wastewater , biological treatment , nitrogen , phosphorous , aeration tank
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UDC 628.16
Bykova P. G., Strelkov A. K., Zanina Zh. V., Zanin M. A., Poniaeva A. P.
Filter wash water reuse
Summary
The technology of filter wash water reuse in the technological process at the main facilities of a filtration pumping station in Otradnyi town, Samara Area, is suggested. The basic characteristics of natural and wash water have been determined; the required parameters of the wash water clarification facilities have been calculated. The experimental results and calculations showed the possibility of using horizontal sedimentation tanks taken out of operation for wash water clarification with the purpose of its reuse. Basing on the experimental results the relationship between wash water and river flow rates prior to supplying to the mixing tank was stated. The basic operational characteristics of the facilities for wash water treatment have been determined. At present detailed engineering of reusing wash water at the filtration pumping station of Otradnyi town is underway. The suggested process solution will provide for solving the important environmental protection task – to eliminate the discharge of wash water and sludge generated at the filtration pumping station into the Liman Lake and to protect the lake from silting.
Key words
turbidity , suspended substances , pumping-filtration station , horizontal settling tank , wash water , surge tank
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UDC 541.183:697.932.6.001.2
AHMEDOV G. Ya.
Enhancement of Efficiency of the Use of Geothermal Water for Hot Water Supply
Summary
Results of the study of the fractional composition of sand coming by with geothermal water from Apsheron, Karagan and Chokrak aquifers, and also its influence on kinetics of the precipitation of the solid phase of calcium carbonate from of geothermal water solutions are presented. A design scheme of effective use of geothermal water for hot water supply and heating is resulted.
Key words:
suspended substances , water supply , geothermal water , sand , water treatment , salt precipitation , calcium carbonate
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