Zero waste VIZ-Stal’ LLC recycling system of industrial water supply

Summary

The history of developing the first in metallurgy zero waste recycling system of industrial water supply of a transformer steel cold rolling plant at the Verkh-Isetsk steelworks (Ekaterinburg) is described. Since building the plant was planned in the centre of the city with the population of 1.5 million people on the bank of the Verkh-Isetsk pond near the drinking water intake it was required to design a system of industrial water supply with complete elimination of the wastewater and industrial wastes discharge into the environment. The first step of developing the system was retrofitting a vitriol unit for the removal of environmentally hazardous wastes – spent concentrated pickling plant liquor. Hereafter the flotation technology of oil emulsion wastewater treatment was developed. In the course of experimental studies the efficiency of using clarifiers with suspended sediment in the process of removing palm oil from recycled water of the cold rolling mill was investigated. Most attention was paid to the technical solutions of processing the wastes generated in the process of industrial wastewater treatment. The unit for oil waste incineration was designed. Wastewater sludge was initially dewatered in the filter-presses, and then dried. Designing an evaporation plant for thermal desalination of blowdown water of the closed-loop cycles of the transformer steel cold rolling plant and wastewater from the chemical treatment of the thermal power plant effluent provided for the zero discharge of the entire industrial water supply system. The experience of the Verkh-Isetsk steelworks, particularly in relation to processing solid wastes and wastewater desalination, was used in designing efficient water supply systems for various industries including the upgrade of the Novolipetsk steelworks water supply system.

Key words

wastewater , desalination , steel industry , spent pickling plant liquor , zero discharge water supply system , environment

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UDC 628.21:504.06

Drachikov S. A., Ivanov Mikh. Val., Vorob'ev V. S., Mit'kova E. E.

Evaluation of the harmonization of the environmental requirements

Summary

Evaluation of the active environmental documents – federal laws, RF Governmental Decrees, methods, environmental requirements – in relation to their harmonization was carried out. Inconsistencies in the names and designations of the same pollutants in different regulatory documents were revealed. It was found that the requirements to the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in commercial fishing water bodies and chemicals in water bodies used for public water supply and recreation lack detergents regulated by the environmental protection authorities. Proposals on eliminating the revealed inconsistencies were made. In this regard it is expedient to develop and adopt a document specifying the way of making VAT calculations, determining the succeeding charge for discharging pollutants into water bodies based on the main characteristics typical for domestic wastewater and surface runoff, and to compile a complete, single for all the natural resource users list of the regulated pollutants. Besides, it is necessary to issue Appendix to RF Governmental Decree No. 913 comprising the uniform methods of analyses of all the regulated pollutants or give references to the existing methods.

Key words

environment , negative impact , standards for permissible discharges , water bodies of commercial fishing importance , water bodies used for public water supply and recreation

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UDC 504.064.47:628.31.4

Chistiakov N. E., Strelkov A. K., Lobanov V. I., Zanina Zh. V.

Processing leachate from municipal solid waste landfills for further utilization

Summary

The operation of municipal solid waste landfills produces a negative impact on the environment. The landfill leachate contains high concentrations of mineral and organic substances and, according to many researchers, is highly toxic. The qualitative characteristics of leachate depend on the age of the landfill, climate conditions and season of the year, amount of atmospheric precipitation, fallout pattern and other factors. Undoubtedly, the leachate quality is determined also by the chemical composition of wastes disposed to the landfill. Leachate handling is an urgent problem. Most often leachate treatment to the effluent quality meeting the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery waters is suggested. All the technologies and methods of this direction are fairly complicated and expensive. As a result additional wastes reluctant to utilization are generated. The possibility of using leachate for the landfill irrigation is suggested for consideration. This is the best practice since the effluent is retuned back to the landfill solid which is a natural biological reactor. Pretreatment, leachate saturation with oxygen and its further use for landfill irrigation will provide for reducing the time needed for complete destruction of organic compounds to the formation of humic acids, humate and organic soil; and also reducing significantly the negative impact of landfills on the environment including aquifers. In this case most of leachate evaporates and goes to the atmosphere eliminating any serious impact on it.

Key words

cleansing , filtrate , organic substances , environment , municipal solid waste landfill , recycling , aerobic process

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UDC 504.062.4

Kuz'mina L. V.

Comprehensive approach of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to tackling the environmental problems

Summary

The challenge of any vodokanal is not only delivering qualitative water and wastewater services to the customers but also reducing the negative impact on the environment. Saint-Petersburg has been the biggest megacity on the coast of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea; therefore SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» assumes a special responsibility for the Baltic Sea basin conservation, for the ecological state of the entire Baltics. Setting the activities of the enterprise the management of Vodokanal is striving to ensure ecological risk management and gradually reduce the environmental impact. The comprehensive approach of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to ecological risk management is described. The role of the enterprise in the activities on improving the ecological state of the megacity and the entire Baltic Sea region is explained. Alongside with implementing the measures on reducing the negative impact on the water bodies Vodokanal runs campaigns contributing to the rehabilitation of the Gulf of Finland and restoration of the Baltics biological resources.

Key words

energy efficiency , ecological management system , environmental education , environment , energy management system , environmental risks , environmental and resource-saving technologies , reduction of the negative impact

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.02
UDC 502/504:004.413.4

KURANOV N. P., TIMOFEEVA E. A.

Expert and analytical assessment of the safety and risk
in analyzing the hazardous impact of techno-natural processes
on the facilities and environment

Summary

In accordance with the general provisions of the expert-analytical methodology for assessing the risk of hazardous impact of techno-natural processes of various origin on the facilities and environment, a method for calculating the risks of techno-natural processes is proposed. The method is based on a detailed analysis of research materials on the hazard level of processes and vulnerability of the facilities and environment, a quantitative assessment of the hazard level and degree of vulnerability, followed by the use of probit analysis to calculate the formation of risks. For the classification of safety and risk levels adopted for work, the criteria are determined and their values are defined that provide for assessing the levels of safety and risks of hazardous techno-natural processes of various origin. The proposed method for assessing the risks of techno-natural processes is illustrated by a more detailed study of the classification and assessment of the safety and risks of hydraulic engineering structures of different categories.

Key words

safety , risk , environment , hydraulic engineering structures , method , techno-natural process , опасность , vulnerability , quantitative evaluation , classification , изыскания