bbk 000000
UDC 628.3.03:625.123
Strelkov A. K., Teplykh Svetlana, Bukhman N. S., Sargsyan A. M.
Analysis and specifications of filtration of surface runoff from railway track ballast section
Summary
Rail transport facilities are fixed structures that produce continuous impact on the environment. The main facilities – pollution sources among rail transport facilities are railway stations. In most cases polluted runoff from railway station tracks generated mainly as a result of atmospheric precipitations leaks through the surface relief, infiltrates into the subsurface, penetrates deeply and drains with underground water into the nearest water bodies. The processes of surface runoff filtration through multilayer porous media that are taking place in the ballast section of the railway track have been analyzed and specified. Possible hypotheses of liquid behavior and properties in multilayer porous media, in particular of the liquid on the surface of ballast section of the railway track accumulated as a result of atmospheric precipitations; steady and unsteady liquid seepage into the railway ballast depth; dissipation of oil product spills on railway tracks are presented.
Key words
filtration , oil products , surface runoff , train track , ballast section
|
bbk 000000
UDC 627.8.059.22
Pokrovsky G. I., Voinitch-Syanozhentsky T. G.
Analyzing the causes of ground retaining structure failures of waterworks of integral use
Summary
A great number of ground water retaining structures of waterworks in Russia and other countries has been made of soil and stone; accordingly they are classified as ground waterworks. Failures of the retaining structures are often caused by uncontrolled filtration in the body, landfalls, culvert contact points, and in the base. Analyzing the cause of failures is required for the development of measures of their prevention and elimination of destructive effects in future. A number of ground waterworks failures that occurred in Russia and other countries are considered with the purpose of analyzing their causes and consequences.
Key words
filtration , Failure , water retaining structures , ground , dam , disposal area , hydrology
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.316.12
Rublevskaya O. N., PANKOVA G. A., Leonov L. V., Kolosov D. E.
Approbation of Glint artificial aluminosilicate sorbent for tertiary treatment of biologically treated domestic wastewater
Summary
The results of pilot tests of synthetic aluminosilicate sorbent under Glint trademark in comparison with AG-3 granulated activated carbon are presented. The study was carried out with effluent from the North Wastewater Treatment Plant of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg». The following parameters were determined in the effluent samples: рН, suspended solids concentration, phosphate as P, anionic surfactants, ions of iron, zinc, aluminium, nickel, copper and manganese. Glint sorbent is aluminosilicate granular material with effective surface and contains exchangeable ions of calcium and magnesium. Glint material proved itself in the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with heavy metal ions but not contaminated with organics and complexing compounds.
Key words
filtration , wastewater , aftertreatment , heavy metals , activated carbon , aluminosilicate sorbent
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16.004.69
Valuyskikh I. V., Mamaev V. V., Zhagin S. V., Boldyrev Viacheslav Viktorovich, Smirnov V. P.
Introduction of Up-to-Date Technologies of Potable Water Treatment
Summary
The modern conception of water treatment has been realized at the pumping-filtration station of 250 ths m3/day output supplying potable water to the left-bank part of the city of Novosibirsk. The scheme of water treatment includes preliminary water ammonization, the supply of coagulant (aluminum oxychloride) and flocculant, preliminary chlorination, mixing in a mixer of instantaneous action, preliminary flocculation, clarification in horizontal settling tanks, filtration at high-rate filters, secondary chlorination, UV-disinfection. The use of several technologies and technical decisions in the scheme of water treatment aimed at the ensuring of epidemiological safety and high quality of water makes this scheme exclusively reliable and universal.
Key words
chloramines , clarification , filtration , ultra-violet disinfecting , flocculant , flocculator , mixer , ammonization
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.33:665.622.43
Urmitova N. S., Abitov R. N., Nizamova A. Kh., Khabibullin R. R.
The use of coarse coalescent materials in the units
for oil field water treatment
Summary
The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia with high technology and economic level including petrochemical, oil extraction and oil refining industries. At the oil extraction facilities big amounts of oily water are generated. Reuse of this water for oil reservoir flooding to improve the production rate is an efficient method of utilization. Before the injection oil and mechanical admixtures must be removed from wastewater. This is provided by sedimentation method. To enhance the process wastewater pretreatment is used. Coalescence process with the use of granulated coalescent porous media is one of the most efficient methods. To enhance the treatment process granulated coalescent materials based on polymers and expanded clay were developed. As a result of experimental studies it was concluded that coarse hydrophobic media with increased filtration rate that work in self-regeneration mode is the best material for coalescence. Herewith the purification level is improved and the duration of sedimentation process is cut by half and more.
Key words
filtration , oil field water , coalescent media , coalescent nozzle , pretreatment , grain particle size , self-regeneration
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.33:622.692.5
Sakulin A. S.
Comprehensive process solutions for oily wastewater treatment
Summary
The demand for a comprehensive solution of the problems of construction and upgrade of the local wastewater treatment facilities necessitates the need in manufacturing equipment sets that provide for the complete oily wastewater treatment cycle. Based on the experience in this field a most efficient economically feasible technology of industrial wastewater treatment – dissolved-air chemical flotation with subsequent filtration in different filter types is proposed. «Ecoservice» Company has developed modular treatment facilities placed in container units or demountable buildings. These are ECO-LS units (for storm water treatment), ECO-AM (for car wash sites) etc. For the enterprises of «Russian Railways» ECO-NS unit was developed that had a compliance certificate and an expert report of Rospotrebnadzor. In this unit the comprehensive approach to the treatment technology – chemical dissolved air flotation, mechanical filtration and sorption was implemented. The versatility of this scheme is in the use of different flotation units depending on the wastewater pollution level. Besides, the use of different filter media provides for eliminating specific pollutants – ammonium, phenols, heavy metals. The complex unit is designed for wastewater treatment to the standard of effluent discharge into fishery water bodies. Despite the fact that the given complex unit has been developed for «Russian Railways» enterprises it can be used in other industries to remove oil products from wastewater.
Key words
filtration , sorption , local treatment facilities , oil effluents , comprehensive technology , chemical flotation , modular treatment facilities
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16
KINEBAS A. K., Feofanov Yu. A.
Modernization of the Zelenogorsk Water Supply Station is a Stage of Realization of the Regional Program Pure Water
Summary
The following works have been done within the limits of modernization of the Zelenogorsk water supply station (St. Petersburg): reloading of high-rate filters with installation of the new drainage system TRITON improvement of water aeration system (enrichment with oxygen in a pan aerator), and automation of technological process. The technique of water treatment for manganese at the second stage of the process with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters containing the three-layered quartz sand, pyrolusite, and anthracite media has been introduced. The quality of water treated at the Zelenogorsk water supply station after its modernization meets the requirements of the Russian and European standards at all points.
Key words
cleansing , filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , oxidation , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.162.5.001.2
Ganbarov E. S., Safarova A. S.
Treatment of Wash Water of Filters and Water Disinfection at Water Treatment Complexes of the Azerbaijan Republic
Summary
Results of studies carried out for determination of efficiency of clarification and investigation of influence of quantity and quality of the wash water supplied to a head of treatment facilities on the subsequent process of treatment are presented. For full disinfection of water it is proposed to use a disinfectant received by electrolysis of a solution of salts of alkaline metals and mineralized ground water directly at the territory of water treatment station.
Key words:
disinfection , wash water of filters , clarification , settling , filtration , reagent treatment
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.11.07
UDC 628.33:622.5
Kasperovich Viktoriia
Choosing the chemicals and advanced filter media for enhancing the process of mine water purification
Summary
Currently, the construction of facilities for the purification of mine waters is one of the important measures aimed at preserving surface watercourses and water reservoirs. The amount of mine water discharged into surface water bodies can be reduced by reusing it for complex dedusting in mines, process water supply and other most water-intensive technological processes. One of the effective ways of removing suspended solids and heavy metals from mine water is chemical treatment with high-molecular flocculants that provide for reducing the consumption of inorganic coagulants and enhancing the process of suspended solids and heavy metals precipitation. Pretreatment of mine water upstream contact clarifiers can significantly increase the capacity of existing treatment facilities, stabilize their operation in case of fluctuations in the quality composition and temperature of mine water, and reduce the load on the subsequent stages of filtration in rapid filters. The results of experimental laboratory studies of trial coagulation and flocculation with subsequent filtration in rapid filters using Orefilter B catalytic filtering media, AS sorbent and Extrasorb sorption media, as well as removing (stripping) ammonia from mine water are presented.
Key words
filtration , coagulation , heavy metals , flocculation , mine water purification , mineral compounds , ammonia air-stripping , Orefilter В catalytic media , sorption media
|
bbk 000000
UDC 627.8.034.96.001.575
Voronov I. V., Shirkova T. N.
Designing drainage systems of flooded areas on the basis of computer simulation
Summary
To make hydrogeological calculations of drainage systems for protecting territories from floods the methods of analogy, analytical and computer simulation are used. The method of computer simulation as applied to designing drainage systems on the territory of the Imeretinskaia Lowland of the Krasnodar Area is closely considered. The analysis of the model map of ground water depth after territory upfilling and building development provided for identifying the areas to construct the systems of engineering protection from flooding. The basic design solution of reducing ground water level on the flooded territories is constructing horizontal subsoil pipe drainage with filtering bedding or radial horizontal drainage. Depending on the results of the mathematical simulation of the hydrogeological conditions on the protected area and hydrogeological calculations pipe drainages of perimeter, linear or systematic (areal) type are constructed. Ground water by gravity is diverted into open-channel flows provided the proper ecological justification is available. As may be required automated drainage pumping over stations are established. The developed concept allows reducing and maintaining ground water level at the permissible depth.
Key words
filtration , drainage system , numerical simulation , territory underflooding , ground water , hydroisohypses
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.112.24:622.279.5.001.42
Ivashechkin V. V., Medvedeva Iu. A.
Improving the methods of inspecting and repairing sanding water abstraction wells
Summary
The issues of improving the methods of fault detection, repair of filters and casing of sanding water abstraction wells are considered. The designed instrument is described that has been developed for detecting places of water abstraction well sanding and consists of the control block and water turbidity indicator. In the process of inspection the instrument is moving along the filter during water pumping out of the well. The instrument has successfully passed laboratory and field tests. To simplify the inspection of sanding wells a special device is described that includes a submerged pumping unit and the instrument for detecting sanding places. The design of the device for plugging a damaged section of casing or filter of the water abstraction well is proposed that includes a container for cement mortar with a force opened valve and permanent shuttering. The advantage of this method is in low cost and relatively simple repair work. Some reduction of the filter capacity and well yield can be attributed to disadvantages.
Key words
filtration , water supply , filter , water intake , sanding up , well , turbidity indicator
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16.081.32:628.094.3-926.214
Shushkevich E. V., Babaev A. V., Smirnov A. V., Sourayeva N. O., Grigoryev A. S.
Improving the water treatment technology at the West water treatment plant
Summary
In January 2011 newly built ozonation and activated carbon filtration facilities with a capacity of 250,000 m3/day were put into operation at the West water treatment plant in Moscow. The facilities are fully automatic. Monitoring and control of the treatment process is carried out from the central control room. The technology of ozonation in combination with activated carbon filtration ensures high efficiency of organics removal (color, permanganate oxidability, total organic carbon), deodorization, and improvement of the drinking water taste, allows minimizing the formation of chlororganics (chloroform). The amount of water treated with new technology was 490,000 m3/day or 43% of the total supply to the city.
Key words
settling , filtration , water treatment , ozonsorption , mechanical mixing chamber , flocculation chamber
|
DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.07
UDC 628.316.12:628.52
Gimaletdinov Rustem, Usmanov Marat, Valeev Salavat, Bodrov Viktor, Paskaru Konstantin, Vezhnovets Viktor
Sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification
of wastewater from oil refineries
Summary
The results of studies of using SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification of wastewater from large oil refineries are presented. Owing to the developed system of micro- and mesopores, the sorbent effectively absorbs light fractions of hydrocarbons, thus reducing the total content of oil products in wastewater and the intensity of odor near open treatment facilities. The total dynamic exchange capacity of the sorbent for oil products was 0.605 g/g while filtering wastewater from one of the largest Russian oil refineries. The average treatment efficiency before the breakthrough of oil products was 94%, the intensity of effluent odor as a result of tests was reduced from 5 to 2 points. Spent SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard) in terms of toxicity and ecotoxicity.
Key words
filtration , wastewater , odor , oil refinery , sorbent , sorption treatment , lignin , очистка от нефтепродуктов , dynamic sorption capacity
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.16:66.067
Krapukhin V. B., Kulyukhin S. A.
Helical filter elements and their hydraulic characteristics
Summary
The description of two constructional designs of helical filter elements with reduced adhesive properties capable of operating in «filtration-regeneration» mode without replacement for more than 105 cycles is presented. Owing to the special property of the filter element residing in the fact that the filtering flow passage of the element expands during regeneration and recovers to the original state during filtration; and owing to the vibration of the filter baffle during regeneration complete recovery of the filtering properties of the elements after each filtration-regeneration cycle is provided. The scheme of the unit for determining the hydraulic characteristics of helical filter elements both in the presence of the dynamic membrane made of filter perlite powder and in the absence of it is presented. The helical filter element capacity is determined (pore size: 8, 11, 17, 28, 38, 51, 77, 114, 154 and 248 μm) during filtration of water free of any pollutants and when using precoated dynamic membranes made of filter perlite powder. Sample weight of dry filter perlite powder for precoating one helical filter element was 4, 8, 12 and 24 g. The dependences of the filtration rate from the pressure of the filtered flow, filter baffle porosity and filter perlite powder weight precoating the helical filter element were determined.
Key words
filtration , hydraulic characteristics , helical filter element , dynamic membrane , filter perlite powder
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.161
Portnova T. M., Keish V. S., Protasovskii E. M.
Construction of water treatment facilities in Diuny
and Molodezhnoe settlements of the Kurort District of Saint-Petersburg
Summary
In accordance with «The scheme of water supply and wastewater disposal of Saint-Petersburg for the period up to 2025 including the prospects up to 2030» SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» started building two water treatment plants in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements of the kurort District of Saint-Petersburg upon the project of «Lengiproinzhproekt» Institute. Underground water deposits of the «Solnechnoe – Diuny» and «Molodezhnoe» intermorainic aquifer located in the south-western part of the Karelian Isthmus were used as a water source. Underground water is characterized by the high concentrations of iron (up to 5 mg/l, manganese (up to 1 mg/l), and barium (up to 1.5 mg/l). As for the rest parameters artesian water meets the standards. Underground water is fresh, sodium bicarbonate by chemical composition with 0.06–0.27 g/l mineralization and less than 3 mg-eq/l hardness. The technology of removing iron, manganese and bromine from water in two-stage rapid filters with the use of catalytic oxidation in pressure filters of the second stage containing crushed pyrolusite media was introduced. The facilities designed and built according to the mentioned technology showed high process efficiency. As a result of the water treatment plants construction in Diuny and Molodezhnoe settlements the concentrations of iron, manganese and barium in the water supplied to the public water supply system meet the standards. The quality of drinking water meets not only Russian but also European standards.
Key words
filtration , aeration , pressure filters , water-air flushing , ground water , iron , manganese , anthracite , pyrolusite , quartz sand , bromine
|
bbk 000000
UDC 628.33:551.577.21
IVKIN P. A., Menshutin Iurii, Sokolova E. V., Fomicheva E. V., Kedrov Yu. V.
The efficiency of storm water treatment facilities of continuous flow type
Summary
The analysis of technical parameters and process efficiency of some modifications of continuous flow storm water treatment facilities manufactured by international and Russian vendors that have been widely used nowadays for storm and melt water treatment is presented. Continuous flow installations operate as part of a gravity storm water collection system without any accumulating tank under highly irregular hydraulic load conditions. On the basis of process calculations made according to the effective in RF design rules and norms as well as on the basis of the practical data analysis a number of essential process and design faults are revealed that account for low sanitary and environmental efficiency and high operating vulnerability of such installations during surface runoff treatment.
Key words
settling , filtration , suspended substances , oil products , sorption , surface runoff treatment , continuous flow installation , coalescence
|
|
