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UDC 621.65:62-531.3:628.1
Goryunov A. N.
Interaction of Pumping Plants of the First Lift and Water Treatment Facilities
Summary
To ensure the effective work of a water treatment station, the coordination of operating modes of a pump station of the first lift with maintenance of the predetermined level at treatment facilities or in pure water tanks, and maintenance of the predetermined discharge to treatment facilities as well depending on the city’s water consumption is necessary.
Key words:
potable water , pumps , startup mode , treatment facilities , frequency of rotation , tank , turbidity , adjustable electric drive
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Alekseeva L. P.
Influence of Conditions of Formation and Composition of Filter Wash Water on the Process of Their Treatment
Summary
Results of the research in filter wash water treatment at different water supply stations are presented. Studies conducted and pre-design technological investigations make it possible to establish that compositions and properties of wash water at various water supply stations vary significantly and depend on the quality of influent water which may vary according to the seasons of the year as well as the technology of its treatment (types and dozes of reagent, operation conditions and conditions of the treatment facilities). It is established, that the efficiency of reagent-free clarification of wash water of various types depends on the content of mineral substances in them. Depending on the type of wash water, flocculants as well as coagulants together with flocculants can be used for their advanced reagent treatment.
Key words
wash water of filters , turbidity , suspended substances , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A., Talovyria Larisa
The influence of the ecological state of the water source
on the mode of operation of water
Summary
While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara – the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 2017–2019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water. Quality control», except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , permanganate oxidizability
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UDC 628.161.3.001.891.53
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G.
Selection of most efficient chemicals for water treatment
Summary
The Saratovskoe water reservoir has been the main water source of the Samara public water supply. The municipal water treatment facilities have been built after typical projects and designed for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. Lately sharp suspended solids reduction and organic pollution increase (mainly of natural origin) in the water source have been observed. During flood periods technogenic pollution (surfactants) is present, the concentration of manganese increases, phenol is found. At low water temperature, high color and permanganate value higher doses of chlorine and coagulant are required. Coagulation at low temperatures is inhibited which results in the concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value exceeding the maximum permissible levels. Higher chlorine dosages cause higher concentrations of chloroorganics in water. Therefore a chemical for using during flood periods that will provide for the required quality of water shall be selected. The results of the laboratory studies of selecting the chemical type and optimum dosage for water purification from the Saratovskoe water reservoir during flood periods are presented. Eighteen coagulant trademarks manufactured by domestic and foreign producers were investigated. The optimum dosages of coagulant and flocculant were defined. From the coagulant samples presented two were selected that could provide for the maximum drinking water clarification at minimum levels of residual aluminium and permanganate value. The final choice can be made on the basis of the technical and economic calculations taking into account the chemical price, delivery cost and required water quality.
Key words
turbidity , sedimentation tank , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , filtration , water treatment , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability
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UDC 628.16.065
Belyak А. А., ZHAVORONKOVA V. I., SMIRNOV A. D., Lainer Yu. A., Milkov G. A.
Investigating the coagulating capacity of advanced aluminium-containing coagulants in natural water treatment
Summary
The results of testing three new coagulants developed at the A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences: two North-Onega bauxite-based coagulants and one red-mud-based coagulant are presented. The test results showed that the overall performance of water treatment with optimal dosages of the new coagulants was practically similar to the treatment with traditional aluminium sulfate, except for the red-mud-based coagulant that increased the concentration of iron ions in water after treatment.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , iron , efficiency of treatment , natural water treatment
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UDC 628.16.065.2.001.2
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Erchev V. N., Dudarev V. A., Kichigin V. I.
Research in Possibility of Low Turbid Water Treatment under the PFS-1 of Samara Conditions
Summary
The flow chart of water treatment with an aluminium oxychloride coagulant in combination with flocculant Magnafloc LT20 in winter and during the spring flood has been proposed and tested under production conditions. It is established that the quality of water taking into account permanganate oxidation, residual aluminium, colour and turbidity has improved. It is proved that the efficiency of disinfection in the course of coagulation treatment with aluminium oxychloride is 1,5–2 times higher than with aluminium sulphate. It makes it possible to reduce the dose of chlorine at the primary disinfection and to reduce accordingly the possibility of formation of organochlorine compounds. Due to reduction of an aluminium polyoxychloride dose the sliming at treatment facilities is reduced up to 30% that makes it possible to reduce the discharge of suspended matters and residual aluminium from the station. Manufacturing expenses and water losses go down, conditions of facilities disinfection improve, which guarantees the epidemic safety of water.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , residual aluminium , aluminium sulphate , sliming , epidemic safety
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UDC 628.16.06
Artemenok N. D., Ivashchenko A. T., Shokolov A. N., Paletskii A. V., Perederei L. G.
Investigating the processes of wash water treatment of pumping-filtration plant No. 5 of Novosibirsk
Summary
Research activities on processing wash water and water sludge from pumping-filtration plant No. 5 of Novosibirsk carried out during 2005–2009 provided for exploring sludge separation from wash water; modes and amounts of wastewater and wash water from the treatment facilities. For taking the final decision on the structure of the facilities and their number, dimensions and operating modes of every unit additional studies of wash water treatment processes were carried out in 2013. The main results obtained in the process of model studies in a specially designed and constructed plant (mixing chamber, flocculation chamber, horizontal sedimentation tank, rapid filter) are presented. The task of the dynamic tests was determining the limit wash water loading on a section of the horizontal settler in order to provide for the drinking water quality after treatment. During the tests optimal dosages and chemical feed points were specified; the impact of wash water temperature on the treatment level was determined. After sedimentation wash water passed treatment in the model rapid filter to the quality that meets the requirements of SanPin (Sanitary Regulations and Norms). The results of modeling allowed confirming the sufficiency of the process horizontal sedimentation tank dimensions for adequate wash water treatment. The recommendations on designing the composition of the facilities for sedimentation and filtration of wash water from pumping-filtration plant No. 5.
Key words
turbidity , rapid filter , wash water , water temperature , model plant , sedimentation facilities
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UDC 628.16.027:628.543
Egorova Yu. A., Kichigin V. I., Polst'ianov S. N., Nesterenko O. I.
Study of the technologies of wash water treatment from contact clarifiers
Summary
The results of the laboratory studies of twelve flocculant kinds used for wash water treatment from contact clarifiers are presented. The optimal dosages of flocculant were determined. Two of the flocculants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium, residual polyacrylamide and suspended solids in water. It was stated that the sludge generated during water clarification had 99.9% moisture content. It was proved that Flopam FO 4240 PWG and Маgnafloc LT-22S flocculants ensured good sedimentation of pollutants present in wash water. Possible use of chemical and chemical free filtration in «Fil’tr Polimernyi» manufactured by «Samenviro» LLC as well as of membrane filtration in UNA-620A hollow fiber module (based on Microza® pressure membranes) in a pilot plant rendered by «Pall Evrasia» LLC was considered.
Key words
turbidity , flocculant , wash water , contact clarifier , residual aluminium , residual polyacrylamide , optimal dosage of chemical
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.09.04
UDC 006.3:628.1
Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Talovyria Larisa, Strelkova T. A., Nesterenko O. I.
On the introduction of new sanitary and epidemiological requirements for drinking water supply
Summary
The main source of water supply for the urban district of Samara is the Saratov reservoir. The municipal water treatment facilities were built according to the standard design and intended for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. In recent years, a sharp decrease in the concentration of suspended solids and an increase in the concentration of organic pollutants (mainly of natural origin) have been observed in the water of the source. At low water temperature, high color indices and permanganate index, the need arises for continuous monitoring the optimal doses of chemicals in order to prevent the formation of residual aluminum in the purified water and permanganate index exceeding the MPC values in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. By Decree of the RF Chief Sanitary Officer No. 3 of January 28, 2021, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and effective in the Russian Federation since March 1, 2021: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 that require a more stringent approach to the quality of the purified water. The validity period of the current SanPiNs is until March 1, 2027; however, they do not provide for a transitional period for the operators of water supply and wastewater disposal systems that have to arrange and conduct epidemiological (preventive) measures to ensure drinking and domestic water supply meeting the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. The water treatment facilities in Samara in the transition period need upgrade, and some of them need reconstruction. To carry out the research specified in the regulatory documents, updating the equipment of production laboratories and expanding the scope of their accreditation are needed. Equipping accredited laboratories with advanced means of comprehensive monitoring of drinking water quality will improve the efficiency and reliability of the analysis results.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , water quality , pumping-filtration station , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , sanitary regulations and standards
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.12.01
UDC 614.77:628.161
Strelkov A. K., Bykova P. G., Palagin Evgenii
On the state of the water quality in the Kuibyshev and Saratov water reservoirs and the prospects for one- and two-stage treatment schemes
Summary
The results of studying the physical and chemical composition of the source water of the Kuibyshev and Saratov water reservoirs at the water intake sites operated by Avtogradvodokanal LLC, Tolyatti Urban District, and Samara Utility Systems LLC, Samara Urban District, for 2015–2021 are presented. Limiting values of 59 indicators of the water quality of the Kuibyshev water reservoir and 52 indicators of the Saratov water reservoir have been established. The water in both water reservoirs polluted with resistant to oxidation organic substances, can be referred to the III hazard class and is assessed as «moderately polluted». In the water of the Kuibyshev reservoir increased concentrations of phytoplankton and zooplankton were found. The reservoir water needs physical and chemical treatment before being supplied to the consumers. It is shown that the physical and chemical composition of the water of the Kuibyshev water reservoir in terms of turbidity, concentration of phytoplankton and zooplankton is worse than the water composition in the Saratov water reservoir; therefore, it requires additional treatment before being supplied to the treatment plant.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , reservoir , permanganate oxidizability , raw water
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UDC 628.16/.31.085
Rudnikova G. I., Zelenin A. M.
Water Disinfection Using the UV-Irradiation at Water Treatment Facilities of the City of Angarsk
Summary
For the purpose of improving the barrier function with respect to viruses, parasites and water bacteria at water treatment facilities of Angarsk the station of potable water UV-disinfection was put into operation in 2009. The station’s equipment is located in the building of main facilities block before the vertical mixers. From the first days of operation the high efficiency of the UV-disinfection method was established. The analyses results show the complete inactivation of all water microorganisms and dependence of intensity of lamps radiation on physicochemical properties of river water as well. For the purpose of eliminating this dependence the alternative scheme of water feed is offered: treated water after the filter is delivered to UV-disinfection plants instead of river water.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , turbidity , ultra-violet disinfecting , water treatment , microorganisms , inactivation
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UDC 628.16.066.7
Volftrub L. I.
The experience of operating lamella settlers and clarifiers with built-in flocculation chambers
Summary
The results of upgrading primary water treatment facilities – flocculation chambers, sedimentation tanks and clarifiers based on the use of low-flow and low-pressure recirculators and lamella honeycomb modules made of polyethylene film 250–300 µm thick designed by ECOHOLDING Group experts are presented. The developed method of jointing film into a honeycomb construction with an inner rigid frame provides for the ruggedness and spacial stability of the honeycomb module and allows stretching it on the frames on perimeter only. Firm jointing of the film allows manufacturing a honeycomb construction of any size and angle of slope providing minimum loss of clarifying surface of the facilities of any configuration, both radial and rectangular. For long-term operated facilities honeycomb modules are tailormade after each of them has been measured. The possibility of ensuring the required recirculation rate at low head loss and minimum liquid flow rate to prevent the recycled suspension from destruction and facilitate efficient floc formation is an essential advantage of the developed methods of recirculator designing and constructing. The presented high-efficient methods of coagulation and sedimentation improvement form the basis of prefabricated «Struiia» and «Vlaga» modular water treatment units with 100–12000 m3/day capacities. The units are designed for natural water treatment: turbidity and color removal, softening, defluorination, de-ironing (composite forms, high concentrations of iron) and disinfection. They are used in water supply systems of settlements, towns, hospital care and health resorts, sport centers, fish farms, industrial enterprises or separate production facilities.
Key words
turbidity , water treatment , modernization , residual aluminium , flocculation chamber , lamella settler , clarifier , honeycomb module
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.04.01
UDC 628.161.3:544.77.052.22
Gandurina L. V., Frog B. N., Giro Kristina
Clarification of turbid water with the use of Praestol 650 flocculant
Summary
The efficiency of the individual use of the cationic flocculant Praestol 650 for the purification of turbid water is considered, depending on the turbidity of the source water and the conditions of flocculation. It is shown that the priority parameters that determine the effectiveness of the individual use of the cationic flocculant Praestol 650 for the purification of turbid natural water are the intensity and duration of mixing in the flocculation chamber. With a duration of at least 20 min and an average gradient of mixing rate G = 340 s-1, the efficiency of turbidity reduction is 96% (final turbidity being 7 mg/l). A 96% efficiency of the non-ionic flocculant with a molecular weight of 5–7 million was determined in a suboptimal flocculation mode with a mixing period of 5 min and G = 65 s-1.
Key words
settling , turbidity , flocculation , cationic flocculant , water clarification , mixing rate gradient
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UDC 628.16.065
Alekseeva L. P., Kourova L. V.
The specific features of using organic cationic flocculants in surface water treatment
Summary
The specific features of using high-molecular cationic flocculants for the treatment of water from surface sources characterized by low color, medium turbidity and low organics are considered. On basis of theoretical provisions and experimental results the expediency of using these flocculants as basic chemicals and in combination with mineral flocculants are shown; the conditions of using them at the water treatment plants are determined.
Key words
potable water , turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , water source , organic substances
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UDC 628.162
Getmantsev S. V., Linevich S. N.
Treatment and Disinfection of the Don’s Water at Contact Filters Using the Coagulant SKIF™180of the Latest Generation
SUMMARY
The high efficient compact flowchart of treatment and disinfection of the Don’s water has been developed on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies carried out. In the process, mixers, coagulation chambers and sludge blanket clarifiers or settling tanks are eliminated from the scheme. The use of the method of contact coagulation with the high effective coagulant of SKIF™180 mark makes it possible to reduce reagent consumption by 65–70%, to exclude the necessity of primary disinfection of water with chlorine or reduce chlorine consumption to minimum, to ensure aluminum residual in water within the limits of MPC, to stabilize conditions of water treatment and reduce considerably the cost of water treatment.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , turbidity , chromaticity , coagulation , flocculation , water treatment station , contact filter
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UDC 628.161.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.03.02
Gandurina L. V., Budykina T. A., Iantsen O. V.
Removing fine clay impurities from natural water
Summary
The effect of the clay impurities (loams, clays, bentonites, kaolin) origin that determines the turbidity of natural water, on the kinetics of their sedimentation was studied. The percentage of clay impurities with a hydraulic size of 0.11 mm/s was determined. The effectiveness of the independent use of Praestol 650 cationic flocculant for removing clay impurities of various origin from turbid water is considered. It was established that the efficiency of natural water purification depended on the mineral composition and disperse characteristics of clay particles and could be increased for kaolinite-containing clay impurities from 69 to 91% by optimizing the flocculation parameters. It was shown that the optimal dose of Praestol 650 flocculant did not depend on the origin and disperse characteristics of clay particles and was 0.2 mg/l at an initial water turbidity of 107–187 mg/l. The possible use of the kinetic and flocculation characteristics of clay impurities in natural water to identify their mineral composition is considered.
Key words
cleansing , settling , turbidity , flocculation , hydraulic size , natural water , cationic flocculant , mixing rate gradient , clay impurities
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UDC 628.16
Bykova P. G., Strelkov A. K., Zanina Zh. V., Zanin M. A., Poniaeva A. P.
Filter wash water reuse
Summary
The technology of filter wash water reuse in the technological process at the main facilities of a filtration pumping station in Otradnyi town, Samara Area, is suggested. The basic characteristics of natural and wash water have been determined; the required parameters of the wash water clarification facilities have been calculated. The experimental results and calculations showed the possibility of using horizontal sedimentation tanks taken out of operation for wash water clarification with the purpose of its reuse. Basing on the experimental results the relationship between wash water and river flow rates prior to supplying to the mixing tank was stated. The basic operational characteristics of the facilities for wash water treatment have been determined. At present detailed engineering of reusing wash water at the filtration pumping station of Otradnyi town is underway. The suggested process solution will provide for solving the important environmental protection task – to eliminate the discharge of wash water and sludge generated at the filtration pumping station into the Liman Lake and to protect the lake from silting.
Key words
turbidity , suspended substances , pumping-filtration station , horizontal settling tank , wash water , surge tank
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Kichigin V. I., Nesterenko O. I.
Selection of efficient chemicals for low turbid water purification from surface water sources
Summary
The results of laboratory study of selecting chemicals and optimal dosage for the purification of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir are presented. The laboratory tests of aluminium polyoxychlorides (14 kinds) and aluminium sulfate (16 kinds) were carried out. Coagulants manufactured by domestic and foreign manufacturers were studied. The optimal dosages of coagulants and flocculants were determined. Two of the coagulants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value in drinking water. It was stated that water treatment exclusively with coagulants with subsequent sedimentation and filtration ensured meeting the state drinking water standard. The results of the experimental studies of coagulation of low turbid water of the Saratov water reservoir showed that the maximum water clarification was achieved by sedimentation at the optimal coagulant dosage of 9.6 mg/dm3 for Al2O3 and 0.2 mg/dm3 flocculant dosage. At that the pollution loading on filters is reduced and the filter run increases.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , low turbid water
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