DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.02.05
UDC 628.3:504.064

Saakian Iu. Z., Grigor’ev A. V., Kravets E. A., Rudakov E. N., Faddeev A. M., Shkarupa A. A.

Analysis of the «Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users» against the background of the water protection legislation
(for discussion)

Summary

The analysis of the current edition of the «Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users», approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.

Key words

water quality , best available techniques , water object , permissible discharge norm , regulatory standard of the permissible impact

DOI 10/35776/MNP.2019.09.06
UDC 628.14:620.193

Andrianov A. P., Tchoukhin V. A.

Identification of corrosion of galvanized pipes in the water supply system

Summary

The data on the research and application of a new method for identifying corrosion of house water plumbing made of galvanized steel pipes are presented. The method can be used for regular monitoring of the technical condition of cold and hot water supply systems made of galvanized steel pipes in residential, public and industrial buildings. The method is based on determining corrosion products of pipelines and equipment, zinc and copper in particular, on a test biscuit. The technical result of the proposed solution is the possibility of its application directly from the start of the operation of the water supply system as well as reducing the time to identify the occurrence of corrosion of pipelines and equipment during long-term operation.

Key words

water quality , corrosion , house water plumbing , identification of corrosion , steel pipe , zinc coatings

Скачать/download (PDF) free access

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.08.04

UDC 628.1:543.31

Govorov O. B., Govorova Zh. M., Rudich Ul’iana

Changes in the quality of natural water from a public water supply source during transportation

Summary

The issues of the water quality transformation from a natural water supply source during transportation by long-distance water mains from the water intake to the water treatment facilities site and the reasons affecting the changes in the qualitative composition of water are considered. The results of the studies on the changes in the water quality of a natural water source characterized by low turbidity, medium color, seasonal growth of phytoplankton and the concentration of organic compounds are presented. It has been established that in certain periods of the year both the improvement and deterioration of the quality of water transported by water mains by several times occur in terms of the following indicators: permanganate value, total microbial count, phytoplankton count and biomass, resulting in several times increase in the pollution load on the treatment facilities and decrease in the efficiency of the water treatment process. Continuous monitoring and systematization of data on the changes in water quality will make it possible to timely adjust the modes and parameters of water treatment plants, thereby ensuring sustainable water treatment efficiency according to the regulatory requirements.

Key words

water quality , phytoplankton , permanganate oxidizability , water transportation , water treatment facilities

Скачать/download (PDF) free access

bbk 000000

UDC 628.168.3:628.147.22:620.193

Tchoukhin V. A., Bastrykin R. I., Andrianov A. P.

Investigating corrosion deposits in drinking water supply and distribution pipelines

Summary

The results of investigating the sludge and deposit structure in drinking water supply and distribution pipelines are presented. The literature and experimental data on the structure and composition of corrosion deposits on the pipe walls depending on water quality, pipe material, diameter and age were analyzed. The data on physical and chemical composition of deposits and photomicrographs of corrosion deposits received with the help of a scanning electron microscope are presented.

Key words

sludge , water quality , water supply and water distribution system , corrosion deposits , scanning electron microscope

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16.066.1

Zhurba M. G., Govorova Zh. M., Govorov O. B., Yelyukov M. V., Chekryshov A. V.

Intensification of low-turbidity color water treatment in a sludge blanket clarifier (part 2)

Summary

The specific features of high color low turbidity water treatment in clarifiers with a sludge blanket during representative time periods with low temperatures and water alkalinity are considered by the example of the Vologda water treatment facilities. The advanced methods of water treatment process enhancement in a sludge blanket are covered. The results of studying a «clarifier-filter with floating media» combined system are presented. The implementation of the proposed measures at the existing water treatment facilities of the Northwest regions, Siberia and Far East will provide for the efficient operation of the clarifiers.

Key words

coagulant , flocculant , water quality , sludge blanket clarifier , filter with floating media , test bench

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.03.04
UDC 628.16.081:535.537

Kichigin V. I., Egorova Yu. A., Atanov N. A.

Investigation of the effect of changes in the ion composition
of water on the zeta-potential and redox potential

Summary

The results of studies of drinking water in the public water supply system of the city of Samara are presented. While determining the organoleptic indicators of the water quality, an increase in color of the initial samples by 1–3 degrees within the procedural error was revealed. This may be due to the high concentration of iron and its compounds or humic substances in the samples on the days of the experiment, as well as to the high physical deterioration of the water distribution networks (both street networks and plumbing in the buildings), and the general increase in water color in the Saratov water reservoir in the city of Samara in recent years. The dependence of the ζ-potential on the redox potential value and ion composition of water is established. The physicochemical composition of the studied water is determined, an analysis of the results is carried out. In the course of the research, such indicators as pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity were additionally determined to obtain an aggregate picture of the water quality. The compliance of all studied water indicators with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control» was confirmed. Mathematical dependences between the ζ-potential, hardness, and the concentration of anions and cations in the water under study are given with an approximation authenticity R2 higher than 0.83. This allows calculating the ion composition and turbidity of drinking water in Samara only by the value of the ζ-potential or redox potential without expensive labor-intensive chemical analyzes. The proposed method is recommended to be used as an express analysis of drinking water.

Key words

water quality , ζ-potential , ion composition of water , salt concentration , redox potential

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.10.06
УДК 614.777-628.112

Kapranov Sergei

Методика оценки состояния нецентрализованных источников питьевого водоснабжения в условиях чрезвычайной социально-экономической ситуации

Аннотация

Целью работы явилось обоснование необходимости организации и проведения на конкурсной основе благоустройства нецентрализованных водоисточников с использованием разработанной методики комплексной гигиенической и экологической оценки состояния нецентрализованных источников питьевого водоснабжения в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации. В работе использованы результаты многолетнего санитарно-гигиенического обследования и лабораторных исследований воды коллективных источников нецентрализованного питьевого водоснабжения. Определены следующие основные показатели для комплексной гигиенической и экологической оценки состояния нецентрализованных водоисточников: степень соответствия водоисточника установленным санитарно-гигиеническим и санитарно-техническим нормам и требованиям; соблюдение зон санитарной охраны; санитарно-просветительное, эстетическое и художественное оформление водоисточников; уровень благоустройства территории, окружающей водоисточники; качество воды водоисточников по результатам лабораторных исследований за определенный период. По каждому из пяти показателей предусмотрена оценка по 12-балльной шкале с последующим суммированием баллов с целью получения итогового результата комплексной оценки. Учитывая успешное проведение конкурса по благоустройству нецентрализованных источников водоснабжения с использованием разработанной методики комплексной гигиенической и экологической оценки состояния нецентрализованных источников питьевого водоснабжения в районе с резким дефицитом питьевой водопроводной воды, рекомендовано опыт проведения данного мероприятия распространить на другие административные территории, находящиеся в подобной ситуации.

Ключевые слова

emergency situation , water quality , нецентрализованный источник питьевого водоснабжения , methodology for a hygienic and environmental estimation of the water sources

bbk 000000

UDC 581.526.325

Babaev A. V., Zamana G. T., Puklakov V. V.

Model prediction of water quality patterns
in the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir under the heat wave conditions

Summary

The issues of water quality in water reservoirs used for public water supply are of primary concern. Intensive phytoplankton development in them is a most common problem in water supply. Therefore the selection of tools that provide for predicting to a high degree of accuracy the processes of water quality formation in water reservoirs under various hydro meteorological summer conditions is a task of primary importance. The results of the model prediction of the basic water quality patterns under the heat wave conditions and of the diagnostic calculation of the environmental conditions of the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir in 2014 carried out according to GMV-MGU model and verified by the field studies data are presented. The verification showed good reproduction of the water quality patterns of the Mozhaiskoe water reservoir by the model. The comparison of the model prediction results, diagnostic calculation and field studies data showed that the model prediction of the water reservoir conditions for the minimum winter storage decrease, low flow spring tide and excessive summer heat is coherent with the actual 2014 pattern when similar hydro meteorological conditions were observed. GMV-MGU model can be used for predictions and diagnostic calculations of water quality patterns in the water reservoirs used for public water supply in the process of planning the measures on operating and long-term control of hydroengineering facilities and water intakes operation.

Key words

simulation , water quality , reservoir , phytoplankton , heat wave , anoxia

bbk 000000

UDC 628.1.033:543.9

Tymchuk S. N., Larin V. E., Sokolov D. M.

Most significant sanitary microbiological parameters of drinking water quality assessment

Summary

Sanitary control of water is a complex and multilevel process. It is associated with every stage of water use, starting from the water supply source selection, monitoring, and water treatment to disinfection and wastewater disposal to collection facilities. Sanitary and microbiological water assessment implies determining sanitary profile, i. e. criteria that reflect compliance or noncompliance of the object under investigation with the regulatory documents requirements. The determined parameters and the frequency of their measurement depend on the assignment of the project under investigation and are strictly regulated by the respective regulatory framework. Sanitary parameters are divided into index parameters
that reflect the level of fecal pollution and indicator parameters that reflect the quality of water treatment. Index para­meters include: Escherichia сoli, thermotolerant coliforms and coliphages. Indicator parameters are: total microbial count, total coliforms, sulfite-reducing clostridia spores etc. Determination of some pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria like salmonella, pathogenic staphylococcus, blue pus bacillus etc. is an important aspect of water bodies monitoring. EC countries moved from determining groups of sanitary indicator microorganisms (thermotolerant coliforms, fecal staphylococcus, sulfite-reducing clostridia spores) to determining directly sanitary indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens), which makes water quality assessment more standardized and reliable. Advanced methods and approaches to the assessment of the sanitary state of the water bodies are continuously emerging and introduced in the international practice of sanitary surveys.

Key words

potable water , water quality , total coliform bacteria , sanitary index , index parameter , indicator parameter , Escherichia coli , thermotolerant coliforms , coliphages , total microbial count , salmonella , P. aeruginosa , S. aureus , sanitary microbiological assessment , sanitary indicator microorganism , chromogenic substratum

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.09.04
UDC 006.3:628.1

Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Talovyria Larisa, Strelkova T. A., Nesterenko O. I.

On the introduction of new sanitary and epidemiological requirements for drinking water supply

Summary

The main source of water supply for the urban district of Samara is the Saratov reservoir. The municipal water treatment facilities were built according to the standard design and intended for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. In recent years, a sharp decrease in the concentration of suspended solids and an increase in the concentration of organic pollutants (mainly of natural origin) have been observed in the water of the source. At low water temperature, high color indices and permanganate index, the need arises for continuous monitoring the optimal doses of chemicals in order to prevent the formation of residual aluminum in the purified water and permanganate index exceeding the MPC values in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. By Decree of the RF Chief Sanitary Officer No. 3 of January 28, 2021, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and effective in the Russian Federation since March 1, 2021: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 that require a more stringent approach to the quality of the purified water. The validity period of the current SanPiNs is until March 1, 2027; however, they do not provide for a transitional period for the operators of water supply and wastewater disposal systems that have to arrange and conduct epidemiological (preventive) measures to ensure drinking and domestic water supply meeting the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. The water treatment facilities in Samara in the transition period need upgrade, and some of them need reconstruction. To carry out the research specified in the regulatory documents, updating the equipment of production laboratories and expanding the scope of their accreditation are needed. Equipping accredited laboratories with advanced means of comprehensive monitoring of drinking water quality will improve the efficiency and reliability of the analysis results.

Key words

turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , water quality , pumping-filtration station , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability , sanitary regulations and standards

bbk 000000

UDC 628.1.033:351.777

Samburski Georgi, Plitman S. I., Pestov S. M., Tulakin A. V., Ampleeva G. P.

On some problems in water treatment related to the implementation  of «On water supply and wastewater disposal» Act

Summary

A number of problems of regulating the process of drinking water purification for public water supply systems related to the water quality meeting the established hygienic requirements and performance targets are considered. It is shown that water and wastewater providers using the methods of risk assessment can optimize the measures aimed at improving the quality of drinking water in the context of choosing the implementation dates and priorities. It is noted that measuring water quality parameters without any consi­deration for procedural and sampling errors may not reflect actual concentrations of pollutants in drinking water in public water supply systems; whereas five-fold exceeding maximum permissible concentrations is possible which cont­ravenes both drinking water hygienic standards and criteria of significant drinking water quality deterioration.

Ключевые слова

potable water , water supply , water treatment , water quality , measurement error , health risk

UDC 614.777:504.064:502.52
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.10.02

Kuz’mich Valentina, Miller Elena

On the need for making amendments to the statutory regulation of impact of the business operations and other activities on the surface water bodies

Summary

The current system of regulating the permissible impact of the business operations and other activities on surface water bodies does not provide for improving the water quality and condition of water bodies to meet the requirements of the RF Water Code. To eliminate the legal uncertainty of regulating the impact on water bodies and taking into account the transition to the technology regulation to achieve the goals of protecting water bodies, it is proposed that the Water Code of the Russian Federation captures the environmental standards for the surface water quality (ESSWQ). These standards have to be developed with account of the natural characteristics of specific river basins, and applied along with the existing hygienic standards instead of the fishery water quality standards. At the same time, the standards for the permissible impact of business operations and other activities on water bodies (SPI) are developed on the basis of ESSWQ in accordance with the requirements of the current environmental legislation. Making amendments to the RF Water Code will provide, among other things, for reliable calculating fees for the negative environmental impact; for calculating the amount of damage caused to a water body; for reducing the costs of developing standards, and carrying out water protection measures, designing and constructing treatment facilities, etc.

Key words

natural peculiarities , water quality , water object , standardization , adjustment , water law , reducing the expenditures , pollution discharge , environmental and hygienic standards , impact types , permissible discharge , technological and target indicators

bbk 000000

UDC 628.11:504.064

KINEBAS A. K., NEFEDOVA E. D., Gvozdev V. A., Kholodkevich S. V., Ivanov A. V., Kourakin A. S., Kornienko E. L.

Improving efficiency and reliability of bioelectronical systems of industrial biological water quality monitoring stations

Summary

Saint-Petersburg Vodokanal MPE developed in 2005 a system of ensuring chemical safety of the water supply system in case of detecting toxic substances. The system is designed on the basis of industrial biological water quality monitoring stations. In 2010 both software and hardware of the industrial biological water quality monitoring station were upgraded to improve the system detectability and reliability. The developed innovation project is unique from sci-tech point of view as well as because it ensures reliable day-and-night data on the current state of the intake facilities of the water treatment plants.

Key words

water intake , water quality , water supply plant , biological monitoring , variational pulsometry , reactors , stress-index , biosensor , biomarker

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.07.05
UDC 628.1.033+628.3:658.562

Vinogradov Sergei, Samburski Georgi, Mikhailov P. B.

Development of a national standard in the field of automatic water quality control for water supply and wastewater disposal systems

Summary

Lately a lot of attention has been paid to the aspects of the automation of analytical monitoring of the composition and properties of different water types, on the legislative level, in particular. Formation of risk-oriented approaches for drinking water supply; requirements to analytical wastewater monitoring systems as part of the transition to the best available technologies – all this makes actual the issues of developing and using automatic water quality monitoring systems. Such measuring systems provide for not only real-time control of the technological processes of water and wastewater treatment, but also for executing industrial environmental control of effluent discharges, monitoring of pollution of natural waters, and drinking water quality monitoring. The main tools that underlie the development of a state standard for analytical water quality monitoring systems are presented.

Key words

water quality , automatic monitoring systems , industrial control , analytical water monitoring

bbk 000000

UDC 628.16:504.064

Vasilenko S. L., Kobylianskii V. I.

The system of early warning of water quality deterioration
on the basis of toxicological testing

Summary

To improve raw water quality monitoring at water intakes and determine water toxicity the methods of biotesting are used to provide for making timely protecting management decisions. The system of raw water quality monitoring in municipal water supply is based on setting maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants. In Ukraine the normative standards of surface water protection from pollution (SanPiN 4630-88), where critical chemicals of the first and second classes of hazard alone amount to hundreds. The techniques developed earlier are inconsistent because of the discrepancies between the enlarging list of pollutants and out-of-date technical and methodological capacities of the supervisory agencies. The use of the biotesting method based on recording the photosynthetic capacity and respiration of Chlorella vulgaris Beijer or Scenedesmus quadricauda green algae for strategic pollution monitoring has been suggested. The flowchart of an automatic continuous monitoring station and an algorythm of natural water quality assessment were designed. The correlation between water toxicity index and traditional integral, physical and chemical water quality indices is shown. The flowchart of an automatic continuous monitoring station and its technical capacbilities that provide for tapping into the regional environmental monitoring system are described. A pilot model of the automatic continuous monitoring station was successfully tested at the Petchenezhskoye water reservoir. It was found that the toxicity index increased when BOD increased and the oxygen concentration decreased. The oxidation characetristic at that time did not change practically. On the basis of investigating natural water composition and experimental measuring water toxicity setting 40% threshold toxicity value for drinking water supply is recommended.

Key words

monitoring , water quality , ecological safety , biotesting

bbk 000000

UDC 543.39

Bogatyreva I. A., Artemova T. Z.

Accelerated Method of Control of Membrane Filters for Bacteriological Analysis of Water

Summary

An accelerated algorithm of control over membrane filters used for rating of water quality according to microbacteriological characteristics has been developed. A preliminary stage of rearing of model microorganisms is excluded from the accelerated method. The control is exercised over two strains of model microorganisms differing in size and shape of cells. The developed algorithm is also used for rating of quality of track membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate. In the process, the percentage of removal of model microorganisms with track membrane is over 80% and meets the requirements of the International standard ISO 7704-85.

Key words

microbiology , water quality , control , membrane filter , microorganisms , analysis