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UDC 725.41:628.1/.2
Sedov A. M.
Architectural look at the Moscow water and wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Water and wastewater treatment facilities are the most important branch of the infrastructure of any modern megacity. At the same time they are big architectural complexes with their own building, space planning and style specific features. For the first time a short review of the biggest Moscow water and wastewater treatment facilities: Rublevo, East, North and West water treatment plants; Kur’ianovo and Liubertsy wastewater treatment plants, as architectural projects is given. The main construction stages are traced; the architectural features including style are considered. The style characteristic of buildings is given in linkage to the main construction stages. The problems of improving the quality of the facilities design are touched upon with account of their specific features, the current situation and solicitous attitude to the historical and architectural heritage and traditions. The main architectural problems that arise in the process of reconstruction of the existing buildings and facilities related, in particular, to the improvement of their energy efficiency are framed. The issue of solicitous attitude to the historical buildings and harmonious integration of the new projects has emerged full blown only during the last decades. At present the new potential of the construction sector, various high-tech materials, structures and systems provide for implementing efficient and harmonious architectural solutions.
Key words
treatment facilities , reconstruction , architectural complex , Stalinist classicism , pragmatic industrial style
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UDC 621.65:62-531.3:628.1
Goryunov A. N.
Interaction of Pumping Plants of the First Lift and Water Treatment Facilities
Summary
To ensure the effective work of a water treatment station, the coordination of operating modes of a pump station of the first lift with maintenance of the predetermined level at treatment facilities or in pure water tanks, and maintenance of the predetermined discharge to treatment facilities as well depending on the city’s water consumption is necessary.
Key words:
potable water , pumps , startup mode , treatment facilities , frequency of rotation , tank , turbidity , adjustable electric drive
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UDC 504.064:628.356
Rublevskaya O. N., Probirsky M. D., Leonov L. V.
Implementation of the technologic solutions focused on the prevention of water body eutrophication (best practices of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»)
Summary
SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» has been the biggest water user in the Baltic Sea coastal zone; therefore the enterprise is obliged to meet the regulations of effluent discharge into the water bodies. The qualitative composition of the discharged effluents is regulated not only by the Russian standards but also by the international recommendations including the Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea. Russia endorsed the Convention in 1998. Since that moment Saint-Petersburg and Vodokanal have been aiming at reducing raw wastewater discharges into the Baltic Sea and meeting the regulations of the effluent quality. The best practices of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» implementing the technology of nutrients removal with the purpose of preventing water body eutrophication are presented. The international experience was studied; the laboratory and full-scale tests of different technologies of enhanced phosphorus and nitrogen removal were conducted. Kreal technology and its limitations revealed in the process of operation are described alongside with the process schemes designed by the University of Cape Town (UCT-Process) and Johannesburg University (JHB-Process) and implemented with the purpose of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In order to provide for the stable phosphorus concentration in the effluent according to the regulations chemical removal of phosphorus was introduced. Starting from 2011 Saint-Petersburg has been fully meeting the HELCOM recommendations.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , aluminium sulphate , total phosphorus , total nitrogen , eutrophication , ferrous sulphate
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UDC 628.11(470.6)
Mikheeva I. V.
Water projects, water supply and wastewater disposal conditions in the communities of the Southern Federal District
Summary
Drinking water quality maintenance has been one of the priority tasks of the national sanitary and epidemiologic service activities. The population practically in all the territorial entities of the Southern Federal District suffers from the scarcity of pathogen-free drinking water because of the undercapacity of the waterworks, unsatisfactory sanitary condition of the drinking water transportation systems, inefficient use of drinking water for watering garden plots in summer, lack of the good quality water supply sources. The root cause of water sources pollution is the discharge of poorly treated effluents and raw wastewater, storm water, drainage water from irrigation systems into the water bodies. The source of sea water pollution is raw wastewater and poorly treated effluents discharged by inefficient wastewater treatment facilities. Most wastewater treatment facilities, sewers of different projects and communities on the territory of the Southern Federal District need rehabilitation, capital repair and upgrade. Drinking water quality depends on the condition and quality of the water source, water treatment technology and condition of the distribution networks that predetermines the need of water use optimization. The proposals on improving the condition of water supply and wastewater disposal and ensuring the epidemiological welfare of the population of the communities of the Southern Federal District are presented.
Key words
potable water , treatment facilities , water supply , ground water , water disposal , surface water , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety , water bodies
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UDC 628.334.1
Streltsov S. A., Kuriatnikov E. A.
High performance design of trash screens for wastewater treatment
Summary
The reliable operation of the treatment facilities of the municipal wastewater disposal system depends significantly on the efficiency and robustness of the trash screens installed in the head of the process flow at the treatment facilities. In addition trash screens not only protect the equipment from blockages but also prevent suspended solids from polluting natural water bodies receiving effluents. In order to improve the efficiency of trash capture the use of RS screen is recommended. It is highly resistant to mechanical damage caused by large-size impurities in wastewater which results in the reduction of the failure rate and the amount of repair works. The screen design includes a device for additional rake cleaning during the reverse movement to completely eliminate any risk of the rakes being wrapped with filamentary inclusions during the operation. An original mechanism of driving chain tensioning provides for eliminating rake jerking and skewing. The design ensures screen self-sealing in the process of installation into the channel to eliminate unscreened water breakthrough between the frame and channel walls. For the period of RS screens operation the following results were noted: full absence of filter cloth clogging; 3–4 fold screen output increase compared to the previously operated models; reduction of bottom sediments in the channel before the screens; high reliability in case of peak discharge of filamentary inclusions; reduction of energy consumption.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , mechanical treatment , water treatment equipment , trash screen
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Zhmakov G. N., Dil'man R. V., Pankov S. I.
Protection of the Imeretinskaia Lowland from surface runoff flooding
Summary
Short information on the engineering-construction solutions of removing surface runoff from a development area on the Imeretinskaia Lowland territory of the Krasnodar Area is presented. Its surface is slightly elevated above the sea level (from 0.7 to 4 m); therefore, pressure removal of 100% storm runoff which at times becomes a disaster (during heavy rains) and causes significant damage to the territory is required. Removing surface runoff from residential areas of the Olympic park also requires advanced treatment. Taking into account the construction conditions the entire territory has been divided into five drainage areas to reduce the depth of the collection network and engineering structures. In each area a complex including a pumping station, an accumulating tank and advanced treatment facilities has been designed and built. The surface area of the drainage sites significantly differs from each other (30–440 ha). Following the extended survey and substantiation of the pumping equipment choice angular flow pumps with capacities 5 and 12.1 m3/h and 12.5 m head were selected. Taking into account the partial removal of pollutants in the accumulating tank two-stage filtration was used for advanced surface runoff treatment. Wastewater is treated with «Aqua-Aurat™18») coagulant and processed in the filters of the first stage with quartz sand media. To provide for the complete removal of residual dissolved oil products wastewater is supplied to the rapid gravity sorption filters of the second stage with MIU-S2 activated carbon media. The accumulating tank is cleaned from sludge regularly 2–3 times a year using a bucket loader. Sludge generated in the process of chemical wastewater treatment is dewatered in a belt filterpress. Dewatered sludge is disposed to the solid waste landfill.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , drainage area , rainfall intensity , pumping station , angular flow pump
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UDC 628.336.3
Bashirov R., Rainer Zobel, Carsten Wenner
RotaCut macerators manufactured by Vogelsang for the optimization of wastewater sludge treatment processes
Summary
Advanced grinding machinery for wastewater sludge handling that provides for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities is considered. It is noted that maintaining a constant application pressure of the contacting cutting parts in the automatic mode reduces the wear of their working surfaces, and also helps to reduce equipment downtime and improve the quality of grinding in order to optimize the technological process. The given application examples prove the feasibility and potential of using Vogelsang RotaCut macerators both for wastewater sludge handling prior to mechanical dewatering, and for sludge pretreatment before it is supplied to the digester. Based on the information presented in the paper it can be concluded that the optimization of wastewater sludge handling is possible through the use of RotaCut macerators.
Keywords
treatment facilities , computerization , wastewater sludges , grinding , macerator cutterhead , application pressure
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UDC 626.81:34(470+571)(094.4).002.2
ALEKSEEV V. S.
Amendments to the Water Code of the Russian Federation
Summary
The analysis of the amendments to the Water Code of the Russian Federation made with FZ-282 Federal Law is presented. The amendments were adopted with the purpose of overcoming the crisis of the water protection zones; the amendments allow economic activity as well as the existence of horticultural, gardening and holiday villages on the territories of the water protection zones provided treatment facilities are available. To prevent from the negative impact on the water bodies the Federal Law prohibits building new settlements and capital projects without special protection measures. In flooded and impounded zones the regime of water protection zones is reproduced. The situations are discussed that can arise in the process of implementing the mentioned amendments in case of horticultural, gardening and holiday villages on the territories of the water protection zones obtaining legal status. It is related to connecting buildings to the sewers and conveying wastewater to the public or local treatment facilities as well as to the impossibility of constructing raw wastewater storage tanks made of water-proof materials. The amendments to the RF Water Code do not specify the concept of territory impounding which makes this statutory provision uncertain. Broad interpretation of the term «wastewater» including infiltration water can result in unpredictable effects since more than half of the existing domestic water intakes used for potable water supply are referred to infiltration ones; most of them lack any treatment facilities.
Key words
treatment facilities , RF Water Code , water protection zone , flooded area , impounded zone
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.10.03
UDC 628.1/.3:303.6
Pukemo M. M., Pupyrev E. I.
Information security of the water supply and sanitation utilities as in the case of the Baikal natural area (in order of discussion)
Summary
A new concept for wastewater metering and charging for the sanitation services for the Russian Federation is considered. Introducing multilevel digital control of water consumption and sanitation services rendered to the customers, operating companies and treatment facilities in order to reduce the ecological risks and environmental damage from illegal wastewater disposal by the customers is proposed. A new mechanism for collecting and consolidating information data from water supply and sanitation facilities has been developed that provides for implementing the concept of sustainable water use, improving the quality of service of sanitation systems, reducing the operating costs and failure rate. It is proposed to introduce a number of amendments in regional legislation related to charging for water consumption and sanitation services.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater treatment , water supply-sewerage services , computerization , environmental risks , Lake Baikal , central ecological zone , information security
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UDC 621.929
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.07.06
Grigor’eva Anastasiia
Study of the optimal mode of sludge agitation in the receiving tank of a wastewater pumping station
Summary
Sludge agitation in the receiving tank of a wastewater pumping station is a rather serious problem due to the high risks of the pumping equipment failure, sludge caking and decay inside the tank. As a rule, sludge settling control methods provide for emptying only the area close to the suction nozzles of the pumps. In the rest of the tank, the caked sludge is periodically washed out by hand during maintenance or minimum filling. A comparison is made between two methods of sludge agitation in the receiving tank of a wastewater pumping station. In the first case, sludge is agitated hydraulically, i. e., using pipelines located along the perimeter of the tank. In the second, conical mixers of improved geometry are used, that is, sludge is agitated mechanically. A comparison of mixing efficiency was made using CFD-modeling. According to the results of modeling the hydrodynamics of mixing, during the operation of conical mixers, no stagnant zones is actually formed in the near-bottom mixing area.
Key words
treatment facilities , pumping station , mathematic modelling , conical mixers , sludge agitation
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UDC 628.218
Doskina E. P., Moskvicheva A. V., Moskvicheva E. V.
On the application of permissible pollution limit values for effluents discharged into the wastewater disposal system of Volgograd
Summary
The RF legislation in force regulates the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged to the sewers and municipal and communal treatment facilities. For many communities compliance with the calculated values of the permissible concentrations turned to be technically unachievable. The standards in force in Volgograd for effluent pollution concentrations discharged by the users into the municipal sewer were calculated for all the users except the residential sector. This resulted in establishing unreasonably stringent limits to certain pollutants. In order to comply with these requirements every industrial user would have to build separate local treatment facilities which in its turn eliminate the need in the municipal treatment facilities. The analysis of the limit values of pollutants discharged into the Volgograd wastewater disposal system from 1997 to 2011 was carried out. The limit values adopted in 2011 and in force at present have been too low compared to the actual quality of domestic sewage; this can produce a disturbing effect on the performance of the biological treatment facilities and result in the pollution of the water bodies. The system of regulating the quality of effluents discharged by the users is considered. The causes of unreasonably stringent permissible pollution concentrations set by calculations; and the duality of the requirements set to the effluent quality are presented. The conclusion of the necessary revision of the regulated limit values with account of the legislation in force and operation of the treatment facilities in accordance with the regulations is made.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , water disposal system , pollutants , regulation of permissible discharge
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.08
UDC 628.31:578.834.1
Kofman V. Ya., Vishnevskii Mikhail
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater (review)
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by WHO as a health emergency, is caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. According to reports from the European Union, the United States and Australia, the potential survival of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in feces and wastewater for a sufficiently long time creates a real threat of its entry with wastewater into treatment facilities or directly into surface water while raw wastewater is discharged. This indicates the potential for the transfer of SARS-CoV-2 by water. In this regard, the development of effective methods for the removal and inactivation of viruses at the treatment facilities is of special actuality. The presence of coronavirus infection in wastewater can pose a serious health hazard to people in contact with it. These include the personnel at the wastewater treatment facilities, as well as the general population, who may be directly exposed to raw or inadequately treated wastewater through defective water or sewer systems. In many countries wastewater epidemiology methods are used to obtain timely reliable information on the spread of coronavirus infection. Possible detection of RNA virus in wastewater even with a low prevalence rate of COVID-19 and the correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and official information indicate that monitoring wastewater can become a sensitive tool for monitoring the circulation of the virus in the
population.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , inactivation , SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus , feces , infection risk , removal , epidemiology of wastewater
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UDC 628.32.004.69
Gogina Elena, Salomeyev V. P., Rouzhitskaya O. A., Pobegailo Yu. P., Makisha N. A.
Methodological approach to planning the upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The results of analyzing the operation of wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The basic provisions that shall be taken into consideration during the upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities are specified. A comprehensive solution of the environmental issues is suggested: upgrade of the entire facilities and not of separate units; introduction of advanced technologies with an account for local conditions and specific features of the facilities operation; designing the facilities according to the regulatory requirements to the effluent discharge.
Key words
treatment facilities , reconstruction , wastewater
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UDC 504.4.054
Kofman V. Ya.
Microplastics – a new threat for the aquatic environment? (review)
Summary
Plastic debris components with a size from microns to meters are found in the pelagic and benthic zones of all the seas and oceans. Fine plastic fractions get to the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and water treatment plants with water and wastewater after pretreatment. By microplastics particles with a size less than 5 mm are implied. By origin they are classified as primary and secondary. Microplastic materials that are a part of industrial products are classified as primary; the secondary microplastics are formed as a result of bigger microplastics fragmentation. In municipal wastewater secondary microplastics prevail in the form of fibers; their concentration can reach 100 particles/l. Incomplete removal of microplastics at the treatment facilities is considered an accepted fact. Effluent discharge results in the rivers becoming the main source of these pollutants entering seas and oceans. The growth trend of sea water pollution with microplastics is considered absolute. Besides, the tendency of their reduction in size is noted. Microplastics are characterized by bioaccessibility for the wide range of marine biota. In animal organisms microplastics can cause physical damages or become sources of toxic impact as a result of monomers and different additives used in the production of plastics migrating from their structure. High sorption activity of microplastics in the sea water is also noted; it results in the concentration of resistant organic substances in them sixfold exceeding the concentration in sea water. High probability of bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of a whole number of toxic substances adsorbed by microplastics exists.
Key words
treatment facilities , toxicological effect , aquatic environment , primary and secondary microplastics , sorption activity
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UDC 628.3.004.69
Modernization and Reconstruction of Sewage Treatment Facilities of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise Vodokanalof the City-Resort of Anapa
Summary
Features of the wastewater treatment in resort towns are described. The ways of enhancement of operation efficiency of sewage treatment facilities of the MUE Vodokanal of the city-resort of Anapa are considered. A brief characteristic of two variants of modernization of treatment facilities are presented. The first variant stipulating the partial replacement of equipment makes it possible to reduce expenditure and enhance efficiency of wastewater treatment at the most unsatisfactory operating parts of the flow chart. The second variant demands significant capital investments, changes in the flow chart and replacement of equipment, but at the same time economic efficiency and the required quality of wastewater treatment according to all the indicators are achieved.
Key words
disinfection , treatment facilities , biological treatment , sewerage , nitri-denitrification , flow chart , aftertreatment
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UDC 628.312.004.69
Petrushin I. N., Kobiakova N. V., Rouzayev V. I., Belyaeva S. D., Kuznetsov D. A., Sedykh T. N., Androsova E. I.
Upgrading the wastewater treatment facilities of the Istra city and Istra Area
Summary
The necessity for the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of the Istra city and minor wastewater treatment facilities operated by MUE «Istrinskii Vodokanal» of the Istra Area was stipulated by stringent requirements to the effluent quality that were not possible to meet at the existing facilities, and also by the actual wastewater flow increase and equipment wear. The reconstruction provides for the introduction of modern equipment and advanced technologies of wastewater treatment and sludge handling while making maximal use of the existing buildings and facilities. The maximum amount of work was carried out during reconstructing biological treatment line of the Istra wastewater treatment facilities. The project includes allocating nitrification-denitrification zones in the aeration tank and replacing the outdated aeration system with a system with disk fine-bubble membrane aerators. To improve the operation efficiency of the biological treatment facilities and reduce power consumption advanced air blowers were installed. Tertiary treatment facilities were upgraded; drum screens were replaced with microscreen filters. To solve the problem of sludge utilization the composting technology is being developed. Booster pumping stations were upgraded with installing power-operated grinding screens. The project of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities of Dedovsk town (20,000 m3/day) and Obushkovo village was designed. In 2008 the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities of Snegiri holiday home was completed. The design of the biological treatment facilities making use of the biolfilter building and two sections of percolating biofilters proved to be an interesting engineering solution. At present the step-by-step reconstruction with capacity increase of the wastewater treatment facilities in Pavlovskoe and Onufrievo settlements, and Rozhdestveno village is underway. The entire project is implemented by the specialists of the Istra Vodokanal in cooperation with BIFAR Scientific-Production Firm that has developed the basic process solutions and design documentation.
Key words
treatment facilities , reconstruction , wastewater , biological treatment , nitri-denitrification , aftertreatment , membrane aerator , adjustable air blower , microscreen filter , grinding screen
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UDC 628.334.5.004.69
Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Belov N. A., Mukhin V. A., Kouryatnikov A. A.
Upgrading primary settler
Summary
Upgrading 54 m diameter primary settler at the Kouryanovo wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow with the installation of a newly designed IL-54 sludge scraper is discussed. The specifications and advantages of the new design of the sludge scraper are described. Industrial tests of the sludge scraper complete with a floating covering section on the primary settler at the Novo-Kouryanovo wastewater treatment facilities showed high process efficiency and operating reliability. As part of the integrated program of the Novo-Kouryanovo wastewater treatment facilities upgrade it was decided to equip all the 54 m diameter settlers with IL-54 sludge scrapers and floating coverings.
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge scraper , primary settler , scraper system , domed covering
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UDC 349.6:504.05.628.3
Danilovich Dmitrii
Scientific and practical principles of regulating technogenic pollutants in municipal wastewater
Summary
The results of statistical processing actual data evidence the lack of linear relationship between technogenic pollutant concentrations at the input of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and effluent after biological treatment. It proves the lack of the principles of the technical approach used to regulate the customers before 2013 and confirms the fact that the permissible pollution discharge limits shall be set exclusively on the assumption of preventing any negative impact on the public wastewater disposal systems. Permissible pollution concentration limits have been developed and proposed for introduction into the Rules of cold water supply and wastewater disposal.
Key words
treatment facilities , municipal wastewater , industrial wastewater , technogenic pollutants , permissible concentration limit for effluent discharge into the public sewer
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.06.02
UDC 628.2/.4:006.3:349.6
Vereshchagina Lidiia
On the need for revising the Code of Practice CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants» regarding the design of systems for the disposal and treatment of surface runoff from settlements
Summary
The regulatory framework for the design of systems for the disposal and treatment of surface runoff from the territory of settlements and industrial sites is discussed, in particular, the practice of applying the Code of Practice CP 32.13330.2018 «Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants. SNiP 2.04.03-85», enforced by the order of the RF Ministry of Construction of June 26, 2019. Structural changes of the regulatory document are considered, as well as the most common problems that design organizations and the state authorities of project expertise have to face while applying separate provisions in designing engineering structures for disposal and treatment of surface runoff from settlements. A list of the main paragraphs of CP 32.13330.2018 that require revision with the respective comments is presented.
Key words
treatment facilities , surface runoff , storm sewer , hydraulic calculation of networks , separation chamber , intermediate storage tank
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