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UDC 628.16.067.3
Filatov A. I.
Analysis of the method of calculating high resistance drainage of rapid filters
Summary
The methods of calculating high resistance drainage distribution systems for rapid filters are considered. In the practice of designing filtration plants in Russia several approaches to the structural concept of drainages that provide for equilibrium distribution of wash water in area have been worked out. It is shown that the method proposed by VNII VODGEO is the most substantiated; therefore it seems advisable to restore the recommendations on the use of this method in the practice of designing filtration plants in the regulatory documents. The analysis of the practical use of different approaches to the most useful method of calculating high resistance drainages for rapid filters shows the need to take into account a whole complex of indicators in these calculations. The most important among them is the indicator of drainage open ratio as well as assumed values of original flow rate of wash water in collectors (channels) and branches that determine the value of recovered head.
Key words
rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , wash uniformity , drainage open ratio , backwash loss
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UDC 628.16.067.3
Filatov A. I.
The analysis of washing rapid filters with different drainage types
Summary
The analysis of the process of washing rapid filters using head losses diagrams is presented. The diagrams of layer-by-layer head losses during washing allow determining and showing graphically the true capability of one or another drainage system to provide for uniform filter washing in area. The presence in the diagram of gaps in head loss values or even zones with a negative angular coefficient is a main evidence of the fact that the used drainage system cannot ensure uniform distribution of wash water in area. It is shown that uniform filter wash is possible on condition that the head loss diagram has a positive angular coefficient.
Key words
rapid filter , wash uniformity in area , head loss diagram , drainage layer , filtering media
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UDC 628.315.3.004.1
Ulchenko V. M.
Wastewater Aftertreatment on Granular Bed Filters
Summary
Problems of the wastewater aftertreatment on granular filters of different design are described. Advantages of Ecopolymer drainage systems at reconstruction of these filters are shown. On the basis of generalization of its firsthand knowledge the Ecopolymer Group of Companies in the course of designing of wastewater aftertreatment uses rapid filters with descending filtration, air-water washing and rinse water low discharge system consisting of Ecopolymer sand-catching chutes and stream-guiding protuberances. Filters are equipped with the Ecopolymer drainage-distribution system consisting of drainage filters and Ecopolymer aerators. Conditions required for successful operation of wastewater aftertreatment rapid filters are defined. Results of operation of such filters designed by the Ecopolymer Company are presented.
Key words
granular media , rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , wastewater aftertreatment , filtration cycle
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UDC 628.16.06
Artemenok N. D., Ivashchenko A. T., Shokolov A. N., Paletskii A. V., Perederei L. G.
Investigating the processes of wash water treatment of pumping-filtration plant No. 5 of Novosibirsk
Summary
Research activities on processing wash water and water sludge from pumping-filtration plant No. 5 of Novosibirsk carried out during 2005–2009 provided for exploring sludge separation from wash water; modes and amounts of wastewater and wash water from the treatment facilities. For taking the final decision on the structure of the facilities and their number, dimensions and operating modes of every unit additional studies of wash water treatment processes were carried out in 2013. The main results obtained in the process of model studies in a specially designed and constructed plant (mixing chamber, flocculation chamber, horizontal sedimentation tank, rapid filter) are presented. The task of the dynamic tests was determining the limit wash water loading on a section of the horizontal settler in order to provide for the drinking water quality after treatment. During the tests optimal dosages and chemical feed points were specified; the impact of wash water temperature on the treatment level was determined. After sedimentation wash water passed treatment in the model rapid filter to the quality that meets the requirements of SanPin (Sanitary Regulations and Norms). The results of modeling allowed confirming the sufficiency of the process horizontal sedimentation tank dimensions for adequate wash water treatment. The recommendations on designing the composition of the facilities for sedimentation and filtration of wash water from pumping-filtration plant No. 5.
Key words
turbidity , rapid filter , wash water , water temperature , model plant , sedimentation facilities
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UDC 628.16.067.3
Filatov A. I.
Method of maintaining the steady grain-size composition of rapid filter media
Summary
During the operation of rapid filters the grains of the filter media inevitably wear off and disintegrate which affects adversely the output of the filtration plants. To restore the design grain-size composition of the filter media the upper reduced in size layer is usually removed. This process is fairly labor-intensive and economically unjustified. The consistency of the grain-size composition of rapid filter media can be maintained eliminating labor-intensive processes of manual removal of fine grains and media unloading and rescreening. A method of maintaining the steady grain-size composition directly in the filter by intermittent washing with preestimated stabilization rate is suggested. The formulae for calculating the rate and process stages of stabilization wash are presented.
Key words
rapid filter , filter bed , filtration plant , grainsize composition , intermittent wash , filter media fineness stabilization
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UDC 628.16.067.1
Filatov A. I.
On some specific features of calculating drainage-distribution systems of large area rapid filters
Summary
Two main methods of calculating drainage-distribution systems for uniform washing of rapid filters are known: as regards the relation of the total surface area of drainage slots to the filter area and as regards the so-called relation of the total surface area of drainage slots to the cross-sectional area of the collecting manifold. The second method seems to be more consistent since it provides for the direct link between the values of the recoverable dynamic pressure in the pipes and the total head loss in the drainage required for the uniform filter wash. When using this method for calculating large area filters it is suggested to take into consideration the head loss at the sudden expansion of the cross section of the wash water flow at the head of the central (side) canal.
Key words
rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , pressure losses , wash uniformity , central canal
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UDC 628.16
Ulchenko V. M., Tat’ianko Nataliia, Glinka Nikolai
Common problems at water treatment facilities and ways to address them
Summary
Due to the anthropogenic factors, the quality of surface water is subject to rapid, mainly negative, changes; therefore, water treatment plants not always can meet the standards of the drinking water quality. Currently, many water treatment facilities are in need of upgrade, re-technologization and even reconstruction. In addition, significant changes in the actual water supply by the water facilities (decreasing, as a rule) do not always produce a positive effect on the technical and economic indicators of the water treatment facilities. Problems arising during the operation of the water treatment facilities at all stages of surface water purification – microfiltration, chemical treatment, mixing with chemicals and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and wash water treatment are summarized. The methods used by MY PROJECT JSC in its projects to address such problems as the lack of the treatment efficacy, overspending of chemicals, short filter cycle, large water losses for process needs, discharge of untreated wash water, high purification cost are considered.
Key words
sedimentation tank , microfiltration , rapid filter , mechanical mixing chamber , flocculation chamber , zeolites , reconstruction of water treatment facilities , dolomite
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UDC 628.169.7
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.10.06
Butko D. A.
Optimization of designing the systems for waste water purification from waterworks operating with low-turbidity waters
Summary
The issues of designing schemes for processing wash water of rapid filters (contact clarifiers), sludge from wash water treatment facilities and sludge from sedimentation facilities are considered. The results of a study of wash water of rapid filters at the water treatment plants operating with PolyDADMAC organic coagulant-flocculant are presented; the qualitative indicators of the sludge from the sedimentation tanks at these facilities are given. Options for wash water recycling are considered, such as supplying to the headworks and washing contact clarifiers, as well as process water supply (road washing, production needs of industrial enterprises, etc.), and agricultural irrigation. The water quality indicators for each of the recycling options are given, and an algorithm for selecting a process flow scheme is presented that will provide for the required effluent quality standard by adjusting the treatment scheme. Options for the utilization of sludge of sedimentation tanks and wash water treatment facilities as potting soils, stone and ceramic building materials are presented. The criteria for choosing a utilization option and the algorithm for choosing process flow schemes are presented. The proposed approach to designing schemes for wash water and sludge treatment simplifies their selection at the stage of a new design or upgrade.
Key words
sludge , rapid filter , wash water , flow chart , design algorithm
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UDC 628.16.067.1.004.1
Ulchenko V. M., Tregub Yu. A., Vilkova E. Kh., Ostroushko Yu. V.
Experience in Operation of Ecopolymer Drainage-Distribution Systems at the WesternFiltration Station Luganskvoda
Summary
Results of the operation of Ecopolymerdrainage-distribution systems in rapid filters of water treatment facilities are presented. In the course of operation of filters with media, small sand fractions are concentrated gradually in the upper layer leading to rapid reduction in filtration rate in the beginning of a filtration cycle. After the upper layer of filtration material has been removed the main process operational parameters became normal. It is shown that the necessity of removing the upper layer of filtration material can be evaluated according to the character of the curve of fluctuations of a maximum filtration rate. The filter material preparation technique for filters with water washing equipped with the Ecopolymer drainage-distribution systems is given. The research shows that they ensure a high evenness of washing and filtrate collection along the whole filter surface without any supporting layers, and their operation characteristics are higher than of fissure drainage that makes it possible to use sand of required granulometric composition.
Key words
rapid filter , filter bed , drainage-distribution system , filtration rate , duration of filtration cycle
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UDC 628.162.15
Skolubovich Iurii, Voytov E. L., Karmalov A. I., Skolubovich Yu. L.
Treatment and Utilization of Wash Water of High-Rate Filters of Deferrization Stations
Summary
Issues of the intensification of coagulation treatment processes of wash water of the deferrization station’s high-rate filters are considered. Shortcomings of the existing flow chart of treatment and the reuse of wash water of filtration stations are exposed. The scheme of the unit and results of experimental studies for selection of an efficient reagent, treatment and utilization of filters’ wash water are presented. A new technology of reagent clarification and multiple use of deferrization station’s wash water is offered.
Key words
clarification , sedimentation tank , utilization , deferrization , coagulation , rapid filter , wash water
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UDC 628.161
Moiseev A. V., Troshkova E. A.
Industrial-scale tests of an injection aeration system at the Velizhan water deironing plant in Tyumen
Summary
Tsurumi submersible jet injectors were suggested for the installation in the channels of the rapid filters of the first process line at the Velizhan water deironing plant operated by Tyumen Vodokanal JSC; for the second process line it was recommended to dismantle the polyethylene pipe aeration system in the deaerator-degasifier and to replace the air blower with advanced economically efficient submersible impeller aerators. The engineering solutions were proved by the industrial-scale tests carried out on-site. The results of the water quality analyses before and after retrofitting the advanced aeration system are presented. The approximate evaluation of the power efficiency and cost saving when using submersible impeller and jet aerators is given.
Key words
deferrization , aeration , rapid filter , power saving , air blower , impeller aerator , jet aerator
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UDC 628.16.069
Ulchenko V. M.
Reconstruction of high colored and low turbidity water treatment facilities
Summary
By the example of Severodvinsk municipal water treatment facilities the specific features of the upgrade and partial retechnologisation of the high colored and low turbidity water treatment process are considered. The measures were aiming at meeting the regulatory requirements and minimizing the water treatment cost. Such processing technologies as sludge recycling in combination with the use of flocculant, upgrading the mixing and flocculation chambers with the use of mechanical mixers, automation of dosing equipment with continuous instrument control provide for the sustainable and efficient operation of the water treatment facilities. The implemented water treatment technology including the use of coagulant and organic flocculant as well as coagulation in contact with sludge separated from the settling tanks and subsequent filtration in sand-dolomitic bed filters allows producing drinking water that meets the current standards.
Key words
rapid filter , chemical workshop , sludge recirculation , high colored and low turbidity water , humic substances
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UDC 628.16.067.3.004.67
Rodin N. V., Troshkova E. A., Grigoruk A. N., Bychkov D. A.
Reconstruction of rapid sand filters at the Velizhany water treatment facilities of Tumen
Summary
The city of Tumen is supplied with drinking water from two water sources – surface and underground. The complex of Metelevskii water intake and treatment facilities with a capacity of 150 thousand m3/day was built in 1981. The Velizhany water treatment facilities with a capacity of 128 thousand m3/day of drinking water were built in 1970-ies. The need for not simply repair but for the reconstruction of the facilities with improving the reliability of the treatment process was stipulated by the growing water deficiency in a rapidly developing city as well as by the lack of capacity reserve. The experience of upgrading rapid filters at the municipal water treatment facilities with the use of advanced drainage-distribution systems is presented. The drainage-distribution systems before and after rapid filters reconstruction are described; their basic parameters are given. The experience of retrofitting Triton drainage system in experimental filter No. 13 of the Velizhany water treatment plant is described. For the comparative evaluation and determination of the rapid filter maximum operational life control back washing of the filter media in filters No. 13 and 4 were carried out. In 2013 pilot tests of possible using Culligan Italiana S.p.A. filter media for removing manganese from the water of the Velizhany intake deep wells were carried out. The upgrade of the Metelevskii water intake rapid filters provided for required capacity of the purification facilities and water quality under the forced working conditions inter alia by means of the right selection and design of the drainage-distribution system. The experience of reconstructing filters at the Tumen water treatment facilities was used in the process of developing the relevant section of the «ROSVODOKANAL» Group technical policy.
Key words
water treatment , rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , aeration , filter layer , control back washing
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UDC 628.16.067.1
Filatov A. I.
Method of designing tubular porous rapid filter drainage
Summary
In recent years the specialists of water treatment plants pay much attention to rapid filter drainage systems of porous type. This design excludes the drawbacks typical for drainage systems with supporting gravel layers, major of them being gravel layer slip that causes frequent filter reloading (typically every 3–5 years). The method and basic formula for calculating tubular porous drainage are presented. In view of specific design tubular porous drainage calculations differ significantly from calculating widely used tubular perforated drainage systems of high resistance with supporting gravel layers. In the latter the pressure loss required for uniform filter wash occurs in one stage – in drainage openings. In tubular porous drainage design the pressure is successively lost in two stages – in the openings and outside porous layer, or in three stages – in the upper drain openings, inner porous layer, bottom drain openings. The summarized pressure loss in the mentioned two stages must provide for 95% uniformity of filter wash.
Key words
water supply plant , rapid filter , pressure losses , tubular porous drainage , wash uniformity
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UDC 628.336.57:628.162.52
Artemenok N. D., Pokhil Yu. N., Mamaev V. V.
Improving the processes of wash water and water sludge treatment
at the water treatment plants of Novosibirsk
Summary
For two years studies of wash water and water sludge treatment processes were carried out at the two biggest water treatment plants of the city of Novosibirsk. The research results allowed framing the main directions of further utilization of wash water and water sludge. Taking into account the existing practice of operating the plants located on the opposite banks of the river Ob separate treatment of the wash water from the rapid filters and wastewater (blowing water) from horizontal settling tanks, mixing and flocculation chambers was suggested. Wash water from rapid filters purified to the quality of drinking water passes through the surge tank and is fed into the clean water tank of the water treatment plant; whereas wastewater from the sludge thickener settlers after mechanical treatment or without any treatment is discharged into the municipal sewer. Part of wastewater from the sludge thickener after treatment is processed together with filter wash water in specially designed or horizontal settlers and rapid filters isolated from the main process scheme. The suggested process solution will provide for eliminating wash water and water sludge disposal into the water bodies. The results of the experimental studies provided for determining the main technical characteristics of the operation of the wash water and water sludge treatment facilities; engineering institutions were given the recommendations on detailed designing. Putting into operation the wash water and water sludge treatment system will provide for the solution of the important environmental task for the third largest city in Russia.
Key words
sludge from water treatment plant , rapid filter , wash water , horizontal settling tank , surge tank , sludge thickener
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