DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.12.05
UDC 628.1/.2
Gvozdev V. A., Leonov L. V., Rublevskaya O. N.
Eternal engine of progress
Summary
The quality of water supply and wastewater disposal services over the first twenty years of the 21st century has brought SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to a new level of development owing to the introduction of innovative technologies in water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The use of technologies, such as two-stage disinfection of drinking water, odor control of landfills, geotubing, the use of Flottweg centrifuges, powdered one-component flocculant, powdered activated carbon, the introduction of a precipitation measurement system, were carried out with the active participation of Fedor Ivanovich Lobanov, Assistant to the General Director of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» on dealing with industries, who turned 80 in November 2021.
Key words
sodium hypochlorite , flocculant , powdery activated carbon , soil , geotubing , atmospheric precipitates , precipitation gauge , innovative technology , polyacrylamide , prevention of olfaction
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UDC 628.16.065.2
Alekseeva L. P.
Influence of Conditions of Formation and Composition of Filter Wash Water on the Process of Their Treatment
Summary
Results of the research in filter wash water treatment at different water supply stations are presented. Studies conducted and pre-design technological investigations make it possible to establish that compositions and properties of wash water at various water supply stations vary significantly and depend on the quality of influent water which may vary according to the seasons of the year as well as the technology of its treatment (types and dozes of reagent, operation conditions and conditions of the treatment facilities). It is established, that the efficiency of reagent-free clarification of wash water of various types depends on the content of mineral substances in them. Depending on the type of wash water, flocculants as well as coagulants together with flocculants can be used for their advanced reagent treatment.
Key words
wash water of filters , turbidity , suspended substances , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A., Talovyria Larisa
The influence of the ecological state of the water source
on the mode of operation of water
Summary
While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara – the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 2017–2019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water. Quality control», except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.
Key words
turbidity , chromaticity , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , permanganate oxidizability
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UDC 628.16.004.69
Valuyskikh I. V., Mamaev V. V., Zhagin S. V., Boldyrev Viacheslav Viktorovich, Smirnov V. P.
Introduction of Up-to-Date Technologies of Potable Water Treatment
Summary
The modern conception of water treatment has been realized at the pumping-filtration station of 250 ths m3/day output supplying potable water to the left-bank part of the city of Novosibirsk. The scheme of water treatment includes preliminary water ammonization, the supply of coagulant (aluminum oxychloride) and flocculant, preliminary chlorination, mixing in a mixer of instantaneous action, preliminary flocculation, clarification in horizontal settling tanks, filtration at high-rate filters, secondary chlorination, UV-disinfection. The use of several technologies and technical decisions in the scheme of water treatment aimed at the ensuring of epidemiological safety and high quality of water makes this scheme exclusively reliable and universal.
Key words
chloramines , clarification , filtration , ultra-violet disinfecting , flocculant , flocculator , mixer , ammonization
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UDC 628.161.3.001.891.53
Strelkov A. K., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G.
Selection of most efficient chemicals for water treatment
Summary
The Saratovskoe water reservoir has been the main water source of the Samara public water supply. The municipal water treatment facilities have been built after typical projects and designed for clarification and disinfection of moderately polluted water. Lately sharp suspended solids reduction and organic pollution increase (mainly of natural origin) in the water source have been observed. During flood periods technogenic pollution (surfactants) is present, the concentration of manganese increases, phenol is found. At low water temperature, high color and permanganate value higher doses of chlorine and coagulant are required. Coagulation at low temperatures is inhibited which results in the concentration of residual aluminium and permanganate value exceeding the maximum permissible levels. Higher chlorine dosages cause higher concentrations of chloroorganics in water. Therefore a chemical for using during flood periods that will provide for the required quality of water shall be selected. The results of the laboratory studies of selecting the chemical type and optimum dosage for water purification from the Saratovskoe water reservoir during flood periods are presented. Eighteen coagulant trademarks manufactured by domestic and foreign producers were investigated. The optimum dosages of coagulant and flocculant were defined. From the coagulant samples presented two were selected that could provide for the maximum drinking water clarification at minimum levels of residual aluminium and permanganate value. The final choice can be made on the basis of the technical and economic calculations taking into account the chemical price, delivery cost and required water quality.
Key words
turbidity , sedimentation tank , chromaticity , coagulant , flocculant , filtration , water treatment , residual aluminium , permanganate oxidizability
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UDC 628.336.429
Kriven' A. P.
Selecting the equipment for wastewater and industrial sludge dewatering
Summary
The basic process parameters when selecting dewatering equipment are as follows: capacity; water content of sludge fed for dewatering; water content of dewatered sludge; dry matter retention efficiency; suspended solids concentration in filtrate (centrate). The comparative analysis of the technologic and economic aspects of using the most popular equipment for wastewater sludge dewatering is presented. The specific features of using centrifuges, belt filter presses and screw dehydrators are considered. Screw dehydrators for wastewater sludge dewatering at small-scale treatment facilities are described.
Key words
dehydration , sludge , flocculant , centrifuge , filter-press , dry matter , screw dehydrator
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UDC 628.381.1
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.01.07
Matуushenko Evgeny, Trofimchuk Artem
Choosing chemicals for wastewater sludge dewatering at small-scale wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
The results of studying the effect of introducing cationic Ultraflok K370 and Ultraflok K390 flocculants with different doses and concentrations of the chemical solution on the efficiency of dewatering aerobically stabilized excess activated sludge in a dehydrator at the wastewater treatment facilities of a cottage village in the Novosibirsk Region are presented. It has been established that Ultraflok K390 flocculant with a 0.1% solution concentration and a flocculant dose of 3.8–4.4 kg/t of dry matter is the optimal chemical for sludge dewatering in a screw dehydrator providing for reducing the sludge moisture content to 81.4–81.7%. Increasing or decreasing the dose and concentration of flocculant solutions results in an increase in moisture content up to 82.1–92.8%. The use of Ultrafloc K370 flocculant provides for achieving 83–84% sludge moisture content at 0.2% solution concentration and chemical dose of 3–3.4 kg/t of dry matter.
Key words
domestic wastewater , flocculant , filter cake , sludge dewatering , dehydrator , sludge treatment
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UDC 628.336.41
Pokhil Yu. N., Bagaev Iurii, Ivanov N. A., Ivanov A. N.
Innovation Technology of Wastewater Sludge Dewatering at Sludge Beds
Summary
The technology of highly effective dewatering of wastewater sludge at sludge beds using the principally new flocculant «Сибфлок®» on the basis of polyethylene oxide and special facilities – wells for sludge water disposal is described. This technology has been tested at more than ten Vodokanals of Russia and Kazakhstan at facilities of 150–700 000 m3/day of wastewater capacity under the different climatic conditions. Sludge dewatering using the new technology makes it possible to obtain the sludge with moisture content of 70–75% and after predrying in a summer period – with moisture content of 40–60%. The technology is unified and can be easily included practically in any flow charts. Additional equipping of sludge beds needs minimal expenses. The sludge dewatered at sludge beds using the flocculant «Сибфлок®» get the properties inherent to natural soils, lend itself well to composting and other types of processing.
Key words
dehydration , sludge , flocculant , sludge beds , filtration , moisture contents , artificial soil
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UDC 628.16.066.1
Zhurba M. G., Govorova Zh. M., Gandurina L. V., Govorov O. B., Yelyukov M. V.
Intensification of low-turbidity colored water treatment in a sludge blanket clarifier (part 1)
Summary
The specific features of high colored low turbidity water treatment in clarifiers with sludge blanket during representative time periods with low temperatures and water alkalinity are considered by the example of the Vologda water treatment facilities. The results of investigating chemical pretreatment of water from the Vologa River and Koubenskoye Lake during flood periods with the use of various oxychloride and aluminium sulfate trademarks as well as cationic and anionic flocculants are presented. The advanced methods of enforcing water treatment process in a sludge blanket are covered. The results of studying a «clarifier-filter with floating media» combined system are presented.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , low turbidity colored water , sludge blanket clarifier , recirculator , filter with floating media
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UDC 628.16.066.1
Zhurba M. G., Govorova Zh. M., Govorov O. B., Yelyukov M. V., Chekryshov A. V.
Intensification of low-turbidity color water treatment in a sludge blanket clarifier (part 2)
Summary
The specific features of high color low turbidity water treatment in clarifiers with a sludge blanket during representative time periods with low temperatures and water alkalinity are considered by the example of the Vologda water treatment facilities. The advanced methods of water treatment process enhancement in a sludge blanket are covered. The results of studying a «clarifier-filter with floating media» combined system are presented. The implementation of the proposed measures at the existing water treatment facilities of the Northwest regions, Siberia and Far East will provide for the efficient operation of the clarifiers.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , water quality , sludge blanket clarifier , filter with floating media , test bench
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UDC 628.321
Zhadan A. V., Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail
Testing VTI-M pilot high-rate lamella clarifier with microsand
Summary
In order to test and adjust in pilot mode the technology of enhanced water coagulation a VTI-M pilot high-rate clarifier with microsand was designed. The installation with a capacity of up to 30 m3/h is designed for the purification of surface, storm and waste water. It is constructed in such a way that the purification process can be carried out either with recycling of generated sludge or with the use of fine-grained sandy weighting material. VTI-M clarifier provides for the sustainable water quality that fully meets the requirements to the quality of water supplied to ion exchange desalination.
Key words
coagulation , coagulant , flocculant , microsand , clarifier , enhanced treatment , sand recycling , thin-layer block
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UDC 628.316.12
Iavtushenko Marina, Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail, Kasatochkin A. S., Zhadan A. V.
Testing IKO-R enhanced coagulation pilot plant
Summary
An experimental plant with a capacity up to 20 m3/h was developed for enhanced coagulation of surface and waste water as well as storm water. The treatment process is based on sedimentation of inclusions together with coagulated flocs under the optimal conditions of chemical addition and mixing. To enhance the sedimentation process sludge recycling from the settling tank was provided that ensured the formation of big flocs. Pilot tests of the plant were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of removing suspended solids and phosphorus from the effluent during tertiary treatment at the Podolsk wastewater treatment facilities in the Moscow Area. The capacity of the plant during testing varied from 3 to 15 m3/h. At steady operation of the settling tank no sludge washout was observed. During longer tests the capacity was 8–10 m3/h; in terms of the cross section of the settling tank the specific capacity (flow rate) was 5–7 m3/(m2·h). Time to reach the steady state conditions was 5–10 minutes. At that the efficiency of phosphorus removal was 80%, permanganate value was reduced by 54% and suspended solids concentration was reduced by 58%.
Key words
coagulation , coagulant , flocculant , sludge recirculation , enhanced treatment , pilot plant
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.04
UDC 544.77.052.22
Burganov Renat, Khasanova D. I., Gil’mutdinova Gul’fiia, Кирилова М. А., Kovrizhnykh E. A.
Studying and selecting effective flocculants for the purification of the Kama River water
Summary
Using the Kama River water as an example, the advantage of using flocculants of various ionic activity in combination with a coagulant based on polyaluminum chloride is shown. The results of studies of the main physical and chemical indicators are presented that better characterize the specific features of the coagulation of the Kama River water. Under the experimental conditions all tested flocculants were comparable as for the effectiveness to the flocculant based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride currently used at the water unit of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC. In the process of water clarification using a flocculant (sample No. 1) was proposed with a dose of 1–3 mg/dm3. It was shown that the combined use of polyaluminum chloride and the flocculant (sample No. 1) was more effective for extracting aluminum ions from water. The method of river water coagulation with the use of the flocculant (sample No. 1) differs from the existing one in higher cost-effectiveness and 50–60% reduction the of the chemical consumption.
Key words
clarification , flocculation , coagulant , flocculant , efficiency of treatment , river water , residual aluminium , chemical dosage , polyaluminum chloride , polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride , test coagulation
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UDC 628.334.5
FESENKO L. N., Popov D. V., Koulikov N. I.
Investigating an advanced method of surface runoff treatment in the city of Sochi
Summary
The results of investigating storm water treatment technologies under the conditions of Sochi are presented. A pilot treatment plant is described, the operation of the basic units – lamella settler and filters – is considered. The kinetics of surface runoff suspended solids sedimentation is investigated. The performance characteristics of the lamella module during chemical sedimentation: downward clarified water flow rate in cavities, upward flow in plate spacing, and water surface loading were determined. The efficiency of using fibrous filter for storm water treatment was theoretically substantiated and studied. The service adhesive capacity of the filter was determined. The methods of the treatment unit regeneration are suggested.
Key words
suspended substances , oil products , sorption , flocculant , regeneration , lamella settler , flow rate , fibrous filter , adhesive capacity
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UDC 628.16.027:628.543
Egorova Yu. A., Kichigin V. I., Polst'ianov S. N., Nesterenko O. I.
Study of the technologies of wash water treatment from contact clarifiers
Summary
The results of the laboratory studies of twelve flocculant kinds used for wash water treatment from contact clarifiers are presented. The optimal dosages of flocculant were determined. Two of the flocculants studied were selected that could ensure the maximum degree of water clarification at the minimum concentration of residual aluminium, residual polyacrylamide and suspended solids in water. It was stated that the sludge generated during water clarification had 99.9% moisture content. It was proved that Flopam FO 4240 PWG and Маgnafloc LT-22S flocculants ensured good sedimentation of pollutants present in wash water. Possible use of chemical and chemical free filtration in «Fil’tr Polimernyi» manufactured by «Samenviro» LLC as well as of membrane filtration in UNA-620A hollow fiber module (based on Microza® pressure membranes) in a pilot plant rendered by «Pall Evrasia» LLC was considered.
Key words
turbidity , flocculant , wash water , contact clarifier , residual aluminium , residual polyacrylamide , optimal dosage of chemical
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.09.05
UDC 628.345.1
Egorova Yu. A., Stepanov S. V., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A.
Study of the chemical removal of phosphorus at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities of the Samara urban district
Summary
The parameters of the chemical removal of phosphorus from wastewater in Samara have been determined. The studies were carried out by the method of trial coagulation of raw wastewater, primary effluent and mixed liquor from the aeration tanks. It was found that at the same doses of the chemical, the enhanced removal of phosphorus occurs from the sludge mixture. While using aluminum sulfate, the removal of phosphorus phosphates was enhanced by 0.3–1.6 mg/l more than while adding Aqua-Aurat-30TM aluminum polyoxychloride, depending on the initial concentrations. The concentration of residual aluminum in the effluent while using Aqua-Aurat-30TM was on average 8% lower than while using aluminum sulfate – 0.168–0.221 mg/l versus 0.173–0.274 mg/l. Comparative results of the chemical coagulation with the use of flocculants and without them showed that additional dosing flocculant did not result in an increase in the efficiency of phosphorus removal. It was determined that to achieve above 85% treatment efficiency at a phosphorus-phosphate concentration in the mixed liquor of 3.7–5.2 mg/l, a 1.3–1.8-fold excess of aluminum sulfate was required, and at lower concentrations of 1.23– 1.87 mg/l, this efficiency was achieved only with a 3.1–5-fold excess of the chemical. The research results were used in the project of upgrading a tertiary treatment plant at the Samara wastewater treatment facilities, that provided for the chemical removal of phosphorus in addition to the enhanced process of biological removal of phosphorus. The accepted calculated dose of aluminum sulfate 10 mg/l for a commercial product will reduce the concentration of phosphates after the main stage of biological treatment from 0.53 to 0.2 mg/l.
Key words
wastewater , flocculant , sewerage treatment facilities , aftertreatment , chemical phosphorus removal , coagulants
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UDC 628.161.3
Astrakhantsev D. V., Kirsanov A. A., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Erchev V. N., Strelkov D. A., Zanina Zh. V.
Modernization of Chemical Workshop of the Pumping-Filter Station of Samara Using the Powdered Carbon Sorbent
Summary
Modernization of the chemical workshop carried out at one of unit of the pumping-filter station of Samara with 360 thousand m3/day output has made it possible to improve the reliability of water treatment. The flow chart includes the primary chlorination, dosing of powdery activated carbon into influent water, coagulant addition before the mixer, flocculant addition at the passage of water from the mixer, clarification in horizontal settling tanks, filtration in rapid filters, secondary chlorination. The use of powdered activated carbon in the water treatment scheme ensures the quality of potable water corresponding to specified requirements.
Key words
potable water , coagulant , flocculant , pumping-filtration station , mixer , powdery activated carbon , chemical workshop
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UDC 628.336.429
Kriven' A. P., Ovcharova I. V.
JD Multi-Disk Dehydrator – an innovative solution for sludge dewatering
Summary
«EKOTON» Industrial Group has been broadening the range of equipment for wastewater sludge dewatering. In addition to belt and chamber filter-presses, and screw dehydrators «EKOTON» Company in cooperation with TSURUMI PUMP, Japanese company, launched the licensed production of JD Series Multi-Disk Dehydrators. The unique design of the dehydrator precludes even a theoretical risk of working chamber clogging, whereas continuous self-cleaning of filtration pores with rotating disks during the operation of the unit provides for the filtrate discharge even when dewatering sludge containing fats and oils. The information on the design of JD Multi-Disk Dehydrator, the principle of operation of the dewatering facilities on the basis of this unit, the main advantages and differences compared to screw dehydrators is presented. The recommendations are given for the fields of domestic market application of the new equipment for dewatering wastewater sludge and industrial slurries of different origin.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , flotation slime , dewatering equipment , multi-disk dehydrator , epoxy resin and stainless steel disks , clamp plate
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UDC 628.336.411
Ivanov A. N., Ivanova M. G.
Wastewater sludge dewatering with the use of «Sibfloc®» flocculant and special wells
Summary
The technology of high-efficient wastewater sludge dewatering on sludge beds with the use of brand new «Sibfloc®» flocculant made on the basis of polyethylene oxide and special slotted wells for the collection and removal of sludge water is described. The technology has been tested under various climatic conditions – from the Krasnoyarsk Area to the Krasnodar Area and introduced at the wastewater treatment facilities in Russia and Kazakhstan. The suggested technology when used on sludge beds provides for wastewater sludge dewatering to 68–75% moisture content; under the effect of «Sibfloc®» flocculant the sludge is structurized and readily dried to 40–45% moisture content after unloading from the sludge bed. The sludge generated during dewatering is suitable for any type of utilization – from direct use as soil conditioner for reclamation of dumps and solid waste landfills to processing into fertilizers and soil for forest plantation. Sludge not suitable for any utilization because of fast drying capability to any moisture content (from 60 to 8%) can be efficiently used in biogas generating plants or special furnaces either in its initial state or in the form of fuel bricks. Technical and economic performance and environmental effect of using the considered technology allow classifying it as a best available technology. Introducing the technology of wastewater sludge dewatering with the use of «Sibfloc®» flocculant provides for 4–7 times reduction of the required number of sludge beds, and improvement of sanitary and environmental situation at the treatment facilities and adjacent territories, including efficient odor control and unloading filled up sludge beds and sludge tanks.
Key words
dehydration , flocculant , wastewater sludges , treatment facilities , sludge bed , slotted well , reclamation
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UDC 628.16.052.2
Alekseeva L. P., Alekseev S. E., Kourova L. V.
Optimization of low polluted water purification process
Summary
The ways of enhancing water coagulation processes at the operating water treatment plants with the purpose of reducing chemical costs are considered. The results of studying the conditions of different coagulants and floculants use in water purification from low polluted sources by the example of the Irtysh River are presented. It was stated that during both summer-fall and winter periods the use of aluminium oxychloride coagulant in combination with organic coagulants was most efficient for Irtysh water treatment. The effect and optimal parameters of mixing chemicals with water in the mixing chamber and flocculation tank is shown. The optimal conditions of water mixing in the mixing chamber during the summer period provided for reducing the turbidity of clarified water and filtrate by 20 and 35%, respectively; whereas enhancing slow mixing in the flocculation tank – by 35 and 63%, respectively. During the fall period the effect of mixing conditions is even higher and allows reducing the chemical dosage applied minimum twofold while maintaining the quality of treated water. In winter when water treatment at the plant is actually carried out in contact coagulation mode the represented data show that the optimal conditions of rapid mixing water with coagulants in the mixing chamber provide for the treated water turbidity 3–5 times lower compared to the treatment under the existing conditions even at lower dosages. It is shown that for low turbidity and low colored water reducing the chemical dosage requires more rapid and long-lasting water mixing in flocculation tanks.
Key words
potable water , coagulant , flocculant , low polluted water source , conditions of mixing water with chemicals
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