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UDC 628.353

Chesalov S. M., Lion Iu. A., Ptitsyn V. V., Malozemov A. V.

Gabion filtration facilities for surface runoff treatment

Summary

The design and characteristics of gabion filtration treatment facilities developed and designed by the specialists of «ECOLANDSHAFT-XXI century» NPO LLC are presented. The analysis of wastewater and effluent samples collected at different seasons of the year from the inlet and outlet of the different gabion facilities showed that the efficiency of treatment both in terms of suspended solids and oil products and COD, BOD5 met the maximum permissible pollutant concentrations set for fishery waters. Gabion facilities are open gravity facilities, which do not require any chemicals, pumps, electricity or premises for their operation. They include two sections, each of them having four treatment stages: accumulating settling tank; filtration chamber with granular bed; bioplato; filtration chamber with sorbent. Gabion facilities include bioplato as a mandatory and very important element for treatment which is a shallow impoundment seeded with macrophytes and which ensures removing a number of pollutants. Due to the use of gabions, bioplato and chemical free treatment the gabion facilities can be qualified as nature like facilities which can be retrofitted into the landscape and have an attractive look becoming a part of the landscape. By now more than 120 gabion filtration treatment facilities with up to 15 years service time have been designed and built. The facilities provide for the treatment of surface runoff from highways, industrial sites of technology and industrial parks.

Key words

sedimentation tank , suspended substances , surface runoff , gabion filtration treatment facilities , petrol products , BOD5 , COD , filter with granular bed , bioplato , sorbent

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UDC 628.316.12

Stepanov S. V., Panfilova O. N., Abdugaffarova K. K.

Removing heavy metal ions from wastewater in the process
of tertiary treatment with a new sorbent based on modified clays

Summary

The concentrations of heavy metal ions present in municipal and industrial wastewater after biological treatment often exceed the maximum permissible values set for fishery water bodies. Sorption on activated carbon is a popular method in wastewater tertiary treatment practice. However, activated carbon is rather expensive and ineffective in removing heavy metal ions. Lately zeolites that provide for meeting MPC_fishery waterbodies in tertiary treatment have been used; however, their sorption capacity is low. In ordert to reduce the cost of tertiary treatment brand new sorption materials that are free from shortcomings of activated carbon and zeolites, widely used and affordable are required. The results of studying the removal of heavy metal ions from the model multicomponent solution with the use of new sorbents based on modified clays and peat from the Samara Region are presented. The activation was executed by thermal method. For the enhanced removal of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and lead ions from effluents the sorbent prepared from two clay types and peat in equal ratio with polyvinil acetate emulsion as a bonding agent turned to be most efficient. The required contact time of sorbent and solution was 90 minutes. For aluminium removal a sorbent prepared from two clay types, peat,wood ash and polyvinil acetate can be used with 150 minutes contact time with the solution. Sorbents prepared on the basis oft he Samara Region clays provide for meeting MPC_fishery waterbodies in the process of removing copper, iron, manganese, zinc, lead and aluminium from municipal and industrial effluents after biological treatment.

Key words

wastewater aftertreatment , sorbent , heavy metal ions , modified clay , sorption kinetics

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UDC 628.161.2:66.081

Chernyshev P. I., Kruchinina N. E., Panfilov V. A., Kuzin E. N.

The use of ATM-1 adsorbent-cationite in the processes
of removing metals from natural and waste water

Summary

The relevancy of the task of searching and obtaining new sorbents based on cheap and high production volume raw materials to be used in water and wastewater treatment is noted. The prospects of obtaining sorbent based on «Ogneupory» JSC refractory processing wastes – synthetic brucite is substantiated. The physical and chemical properties of ATM-1 mixed mineral product are given as well as the static and calculated dynamic capacitance of ATM-1 ion-exchange sorbent samples in relation to ions of some heavy metals – iron, copper, nickel, cadmium, chromium (VI), tungsten (VI). The results of the consolidated pilot studies of the material as filter media in the process of iron removal and demanganation of natural water are presented alongside with the results of the laboratory studies of plating waste treatment. The laboratory studies carried out under static conditions showed the efficiency of reducing the concentration of heavy metal concentrations in the samples of wash water of electroplating industry if treated with ATM-1 sorbent. It is assumed that the removal of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, manganese ions is caused by both ion exchange phenomena and chemisorption. The results of the undertaken studies speak for the high sorption capacitance of ATM-1 sorbent samples in relation to heavy metal ions. The use of brucite wastes is one of the methods of removing metal ions from water and wastewater. It is noted that obtaining commercial ATM-1 will help to solve the problem of refractory processing wastes utilization and reduce the cost of the product.

Key words

natural and waste water , ion exchange , heavy metals , water treatment , sorbent , brucite

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.06.07
UDC 628.544:54-414

Moniak Tat’iana, Romanovskii Valentin

Magnetic sorbents from galvanic sludge for oily wastewater treatment

Summary

The results of studying the properties of sorbents prepared from galvanic sludge in relation to oil products are presented. For the synthesis, the method of solution combustion synthesis was chosen. Glycine was used as a reducing agent in a stoichiometric ratio with the oxidizing agent. X-ray phase analysis of the obtained samples showed that they contained iron mainly in the form of a magnetite phase. The total static exchange capacity and specific surface area of the synthesized sorbent samples (up to 130 m²/g) were determined from the sorption of the methylene blue dye. The oil capacity of the obtained materials (up to 3 g/g) is not inferior to the natural sorbents of oil products. Preparing magnetic oil sorbents is possible by the combined use of waste iron and nickel-containing galvanic sludges resulting in the reduction of the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and elimination of the expensive technologies.

Key words

oil products , wastewater treatment , sorbent , exothermic combustion in solutions , galvanic sludges

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.02.08
УДК 628.161:691.311

Romanovskii Valentin, Kamarou Maksim

Направления использования фильтрата при производстве гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод

Аннотация

Одним из важнейших аспектов разрабатываемых в настоя­щее время технологий является то, что они должны быть безотходными либо малоотходными. При производстве синтетического гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод и отходов серной кислоты образуется кислый фильтрат, который по своему составу содержит соли Mg, Na, Ca и Fe. Предложена и проработана возможность использования фильтрата с высоким содержанием железа для получения магнитных сорбентов при удалении нефтепродуктов из водных сред, а также для получения фотокаталитических материалов при деструкции растворенных органических веществ. Исследование показало, что магнитные сорбенты обладают нефтеемкостью до 2 г/г. Полученные фотокаталитические материалы обладают также высокой эффективностью фотодеструкции красителя (кислотного телона синего) на уровне 80% при времени обработки 60 минут.

Ключевые слова

oil products , filter bed , sorbent , gypsum , coagulation sludge , photocatalyst

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UDC 628.161.2:544.723.2

Gorelova E. I., Kotov V. V., Данилова Г. Н.

Iron removal from water by sorption on carbonic-silicate composite

Summary

In order to remove impurities from water a composite based on BAU-A activated carbon, silicon dioxide and kaolin with addition of silver nanoparticles was prepared. The composition of the obtained composite supposes the possibility of integrated water treatment with the removal of organic and inorganic impurities and microorganisms; while the presence of silicate- and alumosilicate-containing components in the composite supposes its cation-exchange properties. By scanning microscopy method the increase of the dispersion degree to nanoparticles of the composite fragments after processing with NaOH solution was found. The processes of Fe²⁺ ions sorption from aqueous solutions were studied. The physical and chemical properties of carbonic-silicate composite: saturate specific sorption and selectivity coefficient were determined. Sorption on 10 g of sorbent was carried out by the limited space method with the circulation 0.4 dm³ solution with the preset concentration. The mechanism of Fe²⁺ sorption was proposed that involved absorption process with redistribution of ions between equilibrium solution and pore volume at low Fe²⁺ concentrations; whereas at high Fe²⁺ concentrations - ion exchange sorption. The lowest iron concentrations were determined (25 mg/dm³) that provided for its complete removal as well as the upper limit of concentrations (35 mg/dm³) that provided for the standard values of sorption purification.

Key words

deferrization , sorption , sorbent , carbonic-silicate composite , nanoparticles , selectivity coefficient

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.04
UDC 628.161.2:628.166-926.214

Kozin Dmitrii, Prokof’ev Valerii, Prokof’eva Taisiia

Experience of using ozone for deironing water of a complex composition

Summary

The purpose of the study was developing a process flow scheme and determining the main parameters of the ozonation method for removing iron and manganese compounds from process water. The studies were carried out in a pilot plant; the test object was circulating water at a power engineering facility in Bashkiria. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was conducted that provided for: determining the optimal doses of ozone, ozone contact time with processed water; choosing the main design options for using sorption filters; adjusting the filtration rate. The data of the experimental studies proving the effectiveness of the chosen method are presented. The results obtained provide for determining the costs of water treatment, estimating the operating costs, and compare the proposed and alternative methods for removing iron and manganese compounds.

Key words

ozonization , treatment facilities , deferrization , water treatment , permanganate oxidizability , sorbent

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UDC 628.16.081.3:351.777.6

Lebed’-Sharlevich Ia. I., Beliaeva N. I., Mamonov R. A., Pechnikova I. A., Kharchevnikova N. V., Khokhriakov A. A., Zholdakova Z. I

Sanitary and epidemiological safety and efficiency of silicocarbonic sorbent used for removing oil and oil products from water

Summary

The results of research for the sanitary and epidemiological eva­luation and determination of the efficiency of using TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent manufactured by «Khiminzhiniring» LLC for removing oil and oil products from water are presented. Sorption methods based on the physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent efficiently remove oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbent can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. The investigated TSHR silicocarbonic sorbent is a product of special thermal destruction of rice husk; it appears as «carbon –silicon dioxide» finely dispersed binary solid structure. With the use of chemico-analytical and toxicological methods the sorbent safety related to toxic and allergic action was studied as well as its capability to remove oil components and inorganic substances from water. Sorption methods based on physical and chemical interaction of oil with solid oil absorbing material – sorbent proved to be efficient in removing oil from the surface of water bodies. The use of sorbents can be combined with mechanical methods of oil spill skimming and biological methods of decomposition of oil collected from the sorbent surface. As a result of studies it was stated that TSHR sorbent met the sanitary and epidemiological requirements. The model tests revealed the sorbent efficiency in removing phenol, methylnaphthalene, chloroform, ethanol and inorganic compounds. It proves the possibility of using TSHR sorbent not only for removing oil from water in water bodies but also for water purification for drinking and other purposes. The necessity of carrying out additional field studies to determine wider range of dissolved oil components and the efficiency of sorbent use for removing oil film and dissolved substances is stated.

Ключевые слова

water treatment , efficiency of treatment , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety , sorbent , oil and oil products

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UDC 628.196

Romanovskii Valentin, Gorelaia Olesia

Sorbent for oily wastewater treatment based on the wastes of de-ironing plants

Summary

The results of studying the properties of a sorbent obtained by the synthesis of nanosized iron oxides from the sludge generated during purification of wash water of de-ironing filters are presented. The method of exothermic combustion in solutions was chosen for the synthesis. Citric acid and hexamethylenetetramine were used as reducing agents in a stoichiometric ratio according to the reaction equation. X-ray phase analysis of the obtained samples showed the predominant presence of a magnetite phase and, at temperatures above 600°C, an additional hematite phase. The total static exchange capacity and specific surface area of the synthesized sorbent samples (up to 186.6 m²/g) were determined from the sorption of methylene blue dye. The sorbent capacity of the materials obtained (up to 3.1 g/g) is not inferior to the existing sorbents of oil products. Obtaining magnetic oil sorbents is possible eliminating the use of expensive technologies but with the simultaneous use of waste from de-ironing plants which will provide for reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and obtaining an economic effect at least by reducing the cost of production.

Key words

oil products , wastewater treatment , filter bed , sorbent , exothermic combustion in solutions , deironing plant sludge

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.07
UDC 628.316.12:628.52

Gimaletdinov Rustem, Usmanov Marat, Valeev Salavat, Bodrov Viktor, Paskaru Konstantin, Vezhnovets Viktor

Sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification
of wastewater from oil refineries

Summary

The results of studies of using SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification of wastewater from large oil refineries are presented. Owing to the developed system of micro- and mesopores, the sorbent effectively absorbs light fractions of hydrocarbons, thus reducing the total content of oil products in wastewater and the intensity of odor near open treatment facilities. The total dynamic exchange capacity of the sorbent for oil products was 0.605 g/g while filtering wastewater from one of the largest Russian oil refineries. The average treatment efficiency before the breakthrough of oil products was 94%, the intensity of effluent odor as a result of tests was reduced from 5 to 2 points. Spent SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard) in terms of toxicity and ecotoxicity.

Key words

filtration , wastewater , odor , oil refinery , sorbent , sorption treatment , lignin , очистка от нефтепродуктов , dynamic sorption capacity