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UDC 628.35:62-278
SHVETSOV V. N., ALEKSEEV V. S., MOROZOVA K. M., Smirnova I. I., Semenov Mikhail
Biosorption membrane technology of restoring the quality of ground waters polluted with oil products
Summary
The experimental results of investigating the efficiency of oil products removal from ground waters in a biosorption membrane reactor are presented. By the example of kerosene it is shown that biosorption membrane technology provides for the complex removal of oil products, chlororganics, organophosphates as well as naturally occurring organics from ground waters at low capital and operational costs to meet the drinking water quality regulatory requirements. This fact allows specifying the biosorption membrane method as a perspective technology of restoring the quality of ground waters polluted with oil products. The procedure of designing biosorption membrane reactors is presented.
Key words
ground water , oil products , powdery activated carbon , biosorption membrane technology , kerosene
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UDC 628.16:62-278
SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., FESENKO L. N., Kostyukov V. P., Vergunov A. I.
Biosorption-membrane reactor with flat filtering elements: the calculation method
Summary
The results of studying the Don River water purification with the use of biosorption-membrane method in a biosorption-membrane reactor with flat-frame filtering elements are presented. An experimental plant with a capacity of less than 2.7 m3/day with addition of powdered activated carbon was constructed at the Novocherkassk water treatment facilities. The specific flow through the membrane was less than 17.6 l/(m2·h). The experimental results showed the high efficiency of natural water purification in a biosorption-membrane reactor that provided for meeting the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations (SanPiN). The efficiency of COD reduction averaged to 41.2%, color – 57.3%, permanganate value – 33.3%. During the entire experiment no suspended solids were found in permeate. The obtained data were used as a basis for calculating the specific rate of organics oxidation estimated by COD and permanganate value. The maximum values of Vmax oxidation rate and Km Michaelis constant were determined by graphical method of double reciprocal. The permanganate value dependence of the specific organics oxidation rate and COD from temperature was obtained. Temperature constant of Van Hoff’s equation was determined by COD and permanganate value to calculate the specific rate of organic pollutants oxidation during winter (10–11 °С) and summer seasons (20–22 °С). The method of calculating a biosorption-membrane reactor is presented.
Key words
powdery activated carbon , natural water treatment , biosorption membrane reactor , specific oxidation rate , biosorption , membrane filtration
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.12.05
UDC 628.1/.2
Gvozdev V. A., Leonov L. V., Rublevskaya O. N.
Eternal engine of progress
Summary
The quality of water supply and wastewater disposal services over the first twenty years of the 21st century has brought SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to a new level of development owing to the introduction of innovative technologies in water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The use of technologies, such as two-stage disinfection of drinking water, odor control of landfills, geotubing, the use of Flottweg centrifuges, powdered one-component flocculant, powdered activated carbon, the introduction of a precipitation measurement system, were carried out with the active participation of Fedor Ivanovich Lobanov, Assistant to the General Director of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» on dealing with industries, who turned 80 in November 2021.
Key words
sodium hypochlorite , flocculant , powdery activated carbon , soil , geotubing , atmospheric precipitates , precipitation gauge , innovative technology , polyacrylamide , prevention of olfaction
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UDC 628.161:544.723
Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Iatsinevich N. V.
Regeneration of the sorption capacity of granulated activated carbon
Summary
The analysis of the Neva River water quality parameters shows the changes in the chemical, biological and physical composition of the water under the environmental impact. Microbial as well as organic chemical pollutants get into the water source. Among all the monitored drinking water quality indicators the customers recognize bad smell at once. Double-layer filter bed (sand and activated carbon) provides for the efficient removal of colloid compounds and finely dispersed particles with low hydraulic size. Herewith the granulated carbon layer traps various organic compounds and water soluble oil products. Owing to the process of chemical compound oxidation (destruction) by ozonation and subsequent treatment with sorbent the chemical substances that flavor water with taste and smell are removed; as well as the color and permanganate value are lowered. When using powdered activated carbon at the filtration facilities achieving the treatment efficiency and estimation of the costs are required because in case chlorine-containing chemical is added to the water immediately after activated carbon is introduced the consumption of disinfection chemicals significantly increases. Thus, it is very important to include a sorption unit with granulated activated carbon to improve the reliability of water treatment. The efficiency of water treatment with granulated activated carbon was tested in K-6 unit at the Southern Waterworks of Saint-Petersburg. The evaluation of the water quality parameters after carbon reactivation was made. Reactivation of Filtrasorb TL 830 activated carbon under the selected process conditions provides for the satisfactory regeneration of the material sorption capacity while preserving its mechanical properties.
Key words
potable water , water treatment , powdery activated carbon , granulated activated carbon , reactivation , sorbent , sorption
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UDC 628.161.3
Astrakhantsev D. V., Kirsanov A. A., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Erchev V. N., Strelkov D. A., Zanina Zh. V.
Modernization of Chemical Workshop of the Pumping-Filter Station of Samara Using the Powdered Carbon Sorbent
Summary
Modernization of the chemical workshop carried out at one of unit of the pumping-filter station of Samara with 360 thousand m3/day output has made it possible to improve the reliability of water treatment. The flow chart includes the primary chlorination, dosing of powdery activated carbon into influent water, coagulant addition before the mixer, flocculant addition at the passage of water from the mixer, clarification in horizontal settling tanks, filtration in rapid filters, secondary chlorination. The use of powdered activated carbon in the water treatment scheme ensures the quality of potable water corresponding to specified requirements.
Key words
potable water , coagulant , flocculant , pumping-filtration station , mixer , powdery activated carbon , chemical workshop
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UDC 628.16.081.32
Shishov S. Yu., Troshkova E. A., Zhukova V. I., SMIRNOV A. D., Davlyaterova R. A., Smagin V. A.
Improving barrier functions of the Metelevskii water treatment facilities of Tumen city
Summary
The results of the preliminary tests showed that during the periods of elevated pollution of the water source (the Tura River) with different toxicants, natural and anthropogenic odorants the process flow scheme with the use of specially prepared powdered activated carbon for the conditions of the Metelevskii water intake would be worth considering. The process flow diagram of the pilot test facility was designed that provided for modeling the existing water treatment technology at the Metelevskii water treatment plant. The pilot facilities included chemical treatment units, clarification units, filtration and disinfection units. During water treatment process modeling the chemical dosages used (ammonium sulfate, chlorine, aluminium oxychloride and polyacrylamide) were similar to those at the Metelevskii water treatment plant for the moment the tests were carried out. According to the results of the tests the trademarks of powdered activated carbon used were defined as most efficient for odor and toxicant removal (by example of phenol). Before dosing into the water the sorbents were specially prepared (following the technique of NII VODGEO) to provide for maximum exhibiting sorption properties in relation to the mentioned target components. Special pilot equipment designed at NII VODGEO allowed reproducing all the water treatment modes applied at certain facilities. This modeling provides for adjusting water treatment technology, developing new process solutions, selecting new chemicals and dosages without interrupting the operation of the basic facilities. The results of the tests and pilot investigations with the use of powdered activated carbon at the Metelevskii water treatment facilities to remove anthropogenic toxicants and odors are presented. Powdered carbon trademarks were selected; recommendations for designing powdered activated carbon unit were given.
Key words
clarification , reagent , filtration , powdery activated carbon , organics , water treatment facilities , phenol , odor control
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UDC 628.1:661.183.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.05
Volkov Sergei, Luk’ianchuk Maksim, Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Galaktionova Ol’ga, Akchurin Aleksandr, Samonin Viacheslav, Podviaznikov M. L., Spiridonova E. A., Riabykh Viktoriia, Mekhnetsov Il’ia
Technology of using powdered activated carbon: the experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»
Summary
In the context of progressive urbanization of territories, increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, global climate change, high probability of environmental and manmade disasters, depletion of natural resources and the current demographic situation, the risk of reducing the level of safety of drinking water supply increases. At present, the threat of probable pollution of water sources due to possible terrorist sabotages or manmade disasters has significantly increased. There is a potential hazard of detecting toxic chemicals in intake water. Surface sources of water supply are subject to significant fluctuations in water quality owing to the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. One of the key tasks to be considered is possible prompt and effective neutralization of the water source pollution with organic substances of natural and artificial origin in order to eliminate supplying water of non-normative quality to the consumers. The feasibility of increasing the reliability of sorption technologies alongside with introducing production processes that meet modern requirements has been estimated.
Key words
sorption , powdery activated carbon , drinking water supply , technical process , automatic process control system
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UDC 628.161.2
SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., FESENKO L. N., Skryabin A. Yu., Vergunov A. I.
Chlororganic and bromorganic compounds in drinking water:
methods of their removal
Summary
Pilot tests of biosorption membrane technology that allows reducing trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water by both preventing from their formation and by removing them from treated water were carried out. Biosorption membrane pretreatment of the Don River water provides for 1.4–1.5 reduction of toxic chlororganic and bromorganic compounds formation during post chlorination of water. Advanced water treatment in a biosorption membrane reactor ensures reducing the concentration of chlororganic compounds formed during primary chlorination. The average efficiency of reducing chloroform concentration in the biosorption membrane reactor was 45%, that of dichlorobromomethane – 82%, and of chlorodibromomethane – 89%, whereas filters provided for 23% chloroform reduction efficiency and 33% of dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane reduction efficiency, respectively. Additional treatment of the Don water in the biosorption membrane reactor after physical and chemical pretreatment provided for the post treatment efficiency (organics removal) of 33% for COD, 35% for permanganate value, and 34.3% for color. At the same time the efficiency of organics removal in filters was 19% for COD, 9% for permanganate value, and 10% for color. The highest post treatment efficiency in both cases was reached for turbidity removal. The efficiency of turbidity reduction in the biosorption membrane reactor was 91%, in filters – 58%. The results of long-term studies carried out for two years in the pilot plant with the Don River water showed that the development of biosorption membrane technologies was a promising direction of improving natural water treatment processes, in particular, for preventing from formation of chlororganic and bromorganic compounds during chlorination.
Key words
powdery activated carbon , natural water treatment , trihalomethanes , biosorption membrane technology , chlororganic and bromorganic compounds
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