Influence of the diffusion pattern of the liquid phase flow on ion exchange in a continuously operated countercurrent apparatus

Summary

Physical and mathematical models of a continuously operated ion-exchange apparatus with plug flow of ionite granules and diffusion flow pattern of processed liquid are compiled. It is shown that in this case the operating line becomes curved and inverted to the direction of the equilibrium line. The algorithm of ion-exchange apparatus calculations is presented. Linear approximation of the equilibrium line was carried out that provided for obtaining a differential equation of second order which had an analytical solution. The comparative results of designing an ion-exchange apparatus with plug flow of both phases with different flow patterns are presented.

Key words

linear approximation , ion-exchange apparatus , plug flow , diffusion model of flow pattern , ion exchange , countercurrent , operating and equilibrium lines

Reuse of stained wash water for washing fabric after dyeing

Summary

The processes of aqueous work up of the fabric used at the textile enterprise «Svitanak» OJSC were studied during the fabric preparation, dyeing and subsequent washing. The quality of wash water at various stages of washing the fabric after dyeing was studied by such indicators as the color intensity by dilution rate, COD, permanganate index, foaming capacity and pH. Experimental data are presented that prove the possibility of using ozone for the purification of the wash water mixture from the last six fabric washings after dyeing to the requirements to the quality of water supplied to the dye-finishing processes. An approximate economic calculation has been performed that proves a high economic effect of establishing the reuse of wash water regenerated with ozone for washing fabric after dyeing.

Key words

ozonization , chromaticity , permanganate oxidizability , filter washings reuse , countercurrent , textile industry , fabric dyeing , apparatus of batch operation , color intensity by dilution rate