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UDC 628.166.085
Vasiliak L. M., SMIRNOV A. D.
Potential use of ultrasound in water disinfection
Summary
Ultrasound has been used long enough in engineering and medicine for diagnostics, visualization of underwater objects, surface cleaning and other systems. Using ultrasonic disinfection as a main or additional technology is impractical because of the long exposure time, high energy consumption and lack of regulatory documents. To improve the efficiency of disinfection equipment the manufacturers suggest additional ultrasonic water treatment in combination with oxidizers and UV irradiation. The data on possible use of ultrasonics both as an additional disinfection method and method of improving the efficiency of traditional technology from the point of view of the concept of establishing numerous barriers during disinfection is presented. Different types of ultrasonic effect for using in water disinfection systems are considered. Ultrasound provides for the extremely low disinfection efficiency compared to other traditional technologies, therefore it is not used as an independent method. Ultrasonic water treatment improves the efficiency of oxidation technologies. Combined action of ultrasonics and UV irradiation does not have any synergistic effect. For natural water and effluent after treatment according to the operating standards the standard UV dosages are sufficient to ensure meeting the microbiological standards. Additional ultrasonic treatment is advisable under special conditions. Quartz sleeves can be well cleaned with mechanical systems and chemical wash which is used by all the world leading manufacturers. Due to the particular hazard of ultrasonic contact impact on humans the process of ultrasonic treatment shall completely eliminate such potential effect.
Key words
disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , natural water , water treatment , ultrasound , chlorination agent
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УДК 628.316.6:628.166
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.04.01
Pokhil Yu. N., Novoshintsev V. N., Kostyuchenko S. V., Volkov Sergei, Tkachev Andrei
Комплексное решение проблем обеззараживания природных и сточных вод в современных условиях в масштабах г. Новосибирска
Аннотация
Рассматриваются основные аспекты практического применения технологических решений в сфере обеззараживания природных и сточных вод, позволяющих обеспечить современные нормативные и законодательные санитарно-эпидемиологические требования, на примере МУП г. Новосибирска «ГОРВОДОКАНАЛ». В системе водопровода и канализации г. Новосибирска создан один из крупнейших в России комплексов обеззараживания природных и сточных вод с применением УФ-излучения общей производительностью 1 650 000 м3/сут. В системе водоснабжения города внедрена современная мультибарьерная технология, предусматривающая комбинированное применение УФ-излучения и хлорирования, позволяющая создать надежный барьер в отношении всех типов вирусов, в том числе вируса COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), и цист патогенных простейших. В результате применения УФ-обеззараживания питьевой и сточной воды обеспечивается соблюдение новых санитарных правил и норм СанПиН 1.2.3685-21 «Гигиенические нормативы и требования к обеспечению безопасности и (или) безвредности для человека факторов среды обитания». Обеззараживание сточных вод на городских очистных сооружениях канализации г. Новосибирска УФ-излучением полностью удовлетворяет требованиям по применению наилучших доступных технологий, сформулированных в Информационно-техническом справочнике ИТС 10-2019 «Очистка сточных вод с использованием централизованных систем водоотведения поселений, городских округов». На УФ-станциях применено УФ-оборудование отечественного производства на основе современных мощных амальгамных ламп низкого давления. Комплексное и своевременное применение современной технологии обеззараживания УФ-излучением как при водоподготовке, так при очистке сточных вод на объектах МУП г. Новосибирска «ГОРВОДОКАНАЛ» обеспечило выполнение самых строгих современных требований санитарного и экологического законодательства РФ.
Ключевые слова
potable water , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , best available techniques , multi-barrier technologies
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UDC 628.16/.31.085
IVANOV A. S.
Determination of the Minimal Efficient Doze of UV-Irradiation
Summary
The process of study of water for optimal and valid choice of power of the ultraviolet irradiation system is described. The effectiveness of water treatment by ultraviolet irradiation depending on the content of suspended particles in water is shown. A diagram of the dependence of performance of ultraviolet disinfection on the water transmission coefficient is presented. The necessity of conduction of the preliminary model ultraviolet irradiation and drawing up of the conclusion before the delivery of equipment to the real object of the customer is substantiated.
Key words
disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , water treatment , disinfection
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.01.06
UDC 628.166
Ponomarenko A. M., Vlasov Dmitrii, Basov N. S., Novikov S. N., Koudryavtsev N. N., Kostyuchenko S. V.
Experience in introducing UV disinfection of effluents at operating extremely large-scale treatment facilities
Summary
The experience of Mosvodokanal JSC in introducing the technology of effluent disinfection is presented. The paper describes the problem, typical for the Moscow treatment facilities, of ensuring the effluent disinfection in line with the regulatory requirements. The results of long-term experimental-industrial and pilot tests for the UV-disinfection of wastewater after biological treatment carried out at the Kurianovskie wastewater treatment facilities using domestic UV equipment, revealed the high efficiency and stability of disinfection up to the standard requirements under conditions of actual fluctuations in the physical and chemical indicators of wastewater quality. The high efficiency of UV disinfection in relation to specific microorganisms, resistant to chlorination, such as viruses, coliphages, protozoan cysts, has been established. The tests carried out provided for evaluating the effectiveness of UV disinfection and developing a concept for the application of UV disinfection at the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities.
Key words
disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , viruses , toxicity , UV-plant , operation experience
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.10.02
UDC 628.166.085:524.3-74
Piskareva V. M., Kupin K. V.
The experience of using UV disinfection in the biggest European cities
Summary
The technology of drinking water disinfection by ultraviolet radiation has been widely used abroad. An example of the successful operation of UV-units is water treatment plants in Europe where various process flow schemes of UV disinfection have been implemented: as part of a multi-barrier scheme and as an independent method. The results of the introduction of UV technology at water treatment plants in Budapest (Hungary), Vienna (Austria), Berlin (Germany), Antwerp (Belgium) are presented. When preparing drinking water from surface sources it is recommended to use multi-barrier schemes including disinfection methods that ensure a prolonged effect. The effectiveness of UV disinfection in relation to viruses and protozoan cysts provides for reducing the dosage of chlorine-containing chemicals which inhibits the formation of chlororganic compounds. The decision to abandon chlorination while using UV-disinfection as an independent method should be substantiated considering the actual operating conditions of the water treatment facilities and water distribution networks.
Key words
potable water , ultraviolet , water treatment , UV disinfection
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UDC 628.17.001.4
Kostyuchenko S. V., Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Filatov N. N., Glinik A. I., Kvalvasser A. I., Koudryavtsev N. N., Zhoukov V. I., Petrova O. N., Parilov P. S.
The experience of UV equipment operation at the Lyubertsy Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow
Summary
The experience of the ultraviolet equipment operation for effluent disinfection at the Lyubersty wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow is presented. The modular design of UV equipment provided for establishing large-scale facilities with minimum footprint for UV-disinfection of municipal effluents (1–3 million m3/day capacity and higher). The high performance is ensured by the unique UV-modules with specially designed superpower bactericidal low pressure lamps supplemented by numerous systems of monitoring, control and energy saving. Equipping the entire wastewater treatment facilities with UV disinfection modules will ensure significant improvement of the environmental and sanitation-and-epidemiological conditions of the Moskva and Pekhorka Rivers.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.05.01
UDC 628.166.085
Bogun P. V., Kniazeva Elena
Improving the energy efficiency of UV water disinfection systems
Symmary
The performance of a number of ultraviolet water disinfection systems available on the market is analyzed in comparison with systems of the maximum capacity reached as a result of theoretical studies, at the same energy consumption. It is demonstrated that the maximum performance values declared by the system manufacturers are 1.1–2 times less than could be obtained for the same designs, provided the irradiation uniformity of the treated flow is ensured. A technical solution is proposed that provides for the uniform exposure due to the flow velocity distribution that decreases with the distance from the lamp in proportion to a decrease in the average irradiation intensity along the length of the lamp. This solution allows approaching significantly the maximum design performance with the minimal cost and minor changes in the design. The distribution of treated water flows in a system with diaphragms-spreaders that ensure the required flow direction, is investigated. It is demonstrated that for a reactor vessel up to 50 cm long one diaphragm is enough, whereas for larger vessels installing additional flow spreaders can solve the problem. Possible use of the proposed solution for any systems with a longitudinal flow relative to the location of the UV lamps is shown.
Key words
ultraviolet , water disinfection , flow rate , irradiation dose , UV-lamp , flow spreader
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UDC 628.166
Pokhil Yu. N., Novoshintsev V. N., Kamaletdinov A. R., Kostyuchenko S. V., Tkachev Andrei, SMIRNOV A. D.
Use of UV-disinfection in water supply and wastewater disposal systems of Novosibirsk
Summary
Vodokanal of the city of Novosibirsk has been one of the first water and wastewater utilities in large Russian cities to completely switch to the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater with ultraviolet irradiation. Advanced multi-barrier technologies for the preparation of drinking water (combined use of UV disinfection and chlorination) provided for obtaining safe drinking water of high quality. UV units introduced at the pumping-filtration stations (PFS-1 and PFS-5) of the city provide for the reliable disinfection of filtered purified water up to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01-01, perform a barrier role against pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature. UV equipment installed at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 600 thousand m3/day ensures the required degree of disinfection in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 (radiation dose not less than 40 mJ/cm2). The UV-disinfection station built on the basis of tray-type vertical type equipment manufactured by «LIT» SPA is installed in three concrete flow channels. To improve the energy efficiency of the UV disinfection station operating under the conditions of uneven incoming wastewater flow during the day a system for the UV irradiation rate control by signals from an external flow meter and a tau meter measuring the UV transmittance was retrofitted. Ultraviolet disinfection of effluent does not affect the Ob River. Used for several years UV disinfection of wastewater and up to now is the best available technology.
Key words
potable water , chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , best available techniques , multi-barrier technologies
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UDC 628.162/.163
Pavlov A. A., Dziminskas Ch. A., Kostyuchenko S. V., Zaytseva S. G.
Modern Technologies of Potable Water Preparation at the Sludinskaya Waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod
Summary
It is told about introduction, for the first time in Russia, of modern technologies of preparation of potable water at the Sludinskaya waterworks of Nizhny Novgorod: chlorammonization, ozonization, optimal system of coagulation, UV-disinfection that has allowed to optimize operational costs, to minimize negative by-effects and to provide high quality of potable water.
Key words:
potable water , water supply system , chlorination , ozonization , flocculants , disinfection , ultraviolet , chloramines
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UDC 628.166
Tkachev Andrei, Baranov V. L., Piskareva V. M.
Comparative assessment of the operating expenditures for wastewater disinfection with the use of chlorination and UV-technology
Summary
Protection of drinking water sources has been the most important comprehensive task. The state of the surface water bodies is determined to a large extent by wastewater flow in them that should be epidemiologically safe according to the RF legislation. The use of ultraviolet irradiation has been the most environmentally and economically efficient disinfection method. To provide for the assessment of the economic efficiency of UV-disinfection technology five operating wastewater treatment facilities of different capacity were considered. The comparison of the annual operating expenditures for chlorination (exclusively of the expenditures for dechlorination and charge for chlorine and chrloorganic compounds discharge) and UV-irradiation was carried out. The studies showed that operating UV-disinfection units were more cost-effective compared to operating chlorination units at the treatment facilities of different capacity.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , dechlorination , disinfection system operation , economic comparison
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UDC 628.31.085
Kostyuchenko S. V., Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Streltsov S. A., Filatov N. N., Kvalvasser A. I., Koudryavtsev N. N., Volkov Sergei
The construction of the world biggest effluent disinfection facilities at the Kouryanovo wastewater treatment plant in Moscow
Summary
The drivers for choosing UV-radiation as a basic technology of effluent disinfection at the Kouryanovo and Lyubertsy wastewater treatment facilities are presented. The proven experience of UV-disinfection plant operating at the second line of the Novo-Lyubertsy wastewater treatment facilities gave rise to the next stage of introducing the given disinfection method at the Kouryanovo wastewater treatment facilities. In the course of designing it was decided to retrofit UV-disinfection plant into the existing elevation layout of the treatment facilities by using open-channel UV-plants with vertical lamp position. The specific features of the treatment facilities operation and the condition of the discharge canal also took into account.
Key words
chlorination , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , sewerage treatment facilities , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.01
UDC 628.166
Vasiliak L. M., Koudryavtsev N. N., SMIRNOV A. D., Strelkov A. K.
Ultraviolet plus ultrasound, and why again «there are no analogues in the world»?
Summary
Ultrasound has not been widely practiced in the world as a water disinfection technology. It has a low energy efficiency of disinfection in comparison with ultraviolet irradiation, therefore cannot be applied on its own. The combined effect of ultrasound and UV-irradiation does not have a synergistic effect, since these photo-biological and physicochemical processes are different and independent from each other. There are no criteria and methods for monitoring the effectiveness of ultrasound disinfection. The use of ultrasound is not regulated by sanitary rules and guidelines related to the disinfection of drinking and waste water. Cleaning of quartz covers is carried out using mechanical systems and chemical rinsing; international equipment manufacturers do not use ultrasound for this purpose. Personnel protection from the harmful impact of ultrasound is required.
Key words
potable water , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , water treatment , ultrasound
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UDC 628.316.6
SMIRNOV A. D., Bivalkevich A. I., Strelkov A. K., Breslov B. E.
Efficiency and economic expediency of the industrial methods for wastewater disinfection
Summary
Technical and economic assessment of municipal and industrial wastewater disinfection methods is given. At present the method of UV-disinfection with the use of low pressure amalgam lamps is recognized from both technical and economic points of view as a most acceptable method widely used all around the world. UV disinfection ensures most efficient inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms including chlorine-tolerant (viruses) present in effluents. UV irradiation of wastewater is not accompanied with formation of by-products that could produce negative impact on living organisms and human health, i. e. this method is both environmentally and hygienically safe.
Key words
chlorination , ozonization , disinfection , ultraviolet , wastewater , toxicity , amalgam lamp
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