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UDC 628.17.001.4
Alekseeva L. P., Alekseev S. E., Korsa-Vavilova E. V., Shmelev A. Ia.
The use of ozone in surface water purification for public water supply of small communities
Summary
Two options of using ozone in purification of water from surface water supply sources with excess concentrations of organics in block-modular plants of small capacity are considered. Ozone effecting the changes in the basic water quality parameters is shown. The use of ozone in surface water purification extends the potential of the technologic process control under frequent seasonal fluctuations of the raw water quality, improves the quality of water after purification which is most important in the operation of small capacity plants. Besides, ozonation provides for reducing significantly the dosages of chemicals (coagulant and flocculant), and in some cases (during certain seasons) eliminating completely their use. The process studies carried out in a block-modular plant manufactured by «Moskosvskie Ozonatory» Company showed that the ozonation of the Volga River water for public water supply can be carried out using two process schemes: ozonation and sorption in carbon filters; or coagulation, ozonation and sorption. The parameters and conditions of using the ozonation, coagulation and sorption methods were specified; their efficiency at the minimum required chemical dosages was determined. It was stated that the use of ozone in block-modular plants for surface water purification provided for improving significantly the quality of drinking water regardless of the seasonal fluctuations in raw water quality; improving the integrity of the water supply system by all the parameters including microbiological ones. The effect of certain structural and technological solutions at the facilities on the water purification efficiency was noted.
Key words
potable water , ozonization , surface water source , coagulation , organic pollutants , block-modular plant
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UDC 628.166.085(439)
Csaba Haranghy, Géza Csörneyi, Pand’ianski Attila, Kostyuchenko S. V., Volkov Sergei, Levchenko D. A., Baranov V. L.
Integrated disinfection process flow scheme in the public water supply system of Budapest
Summary
The biggest in European Union UV water disinfection complex has been successfully operated at Kmegier, the Budapest water treatment plant with a capacity of 600,000 m3/day in Hungary. The municipal water supply system uses surface waters as a water source (The Danube River). The water body is not protected from possible input of various pathogens that can cause serious infectious disease outbreaks among the population. In addition viruses and cysts of pathogenic protozoa are highly resistant to traditional chlorination. The experts of Budapest water supply system Fvrosi VZMVEK Zrt. in cooperation with Russian LIT Scientific-Production Association carried out a series of tests at the pilot unit as a part of serial DUV 150/21 UV-system with low pressure lamps; and then industrial tests at DUV 36А/120 UV-systems. Blending the infiltrate water fed to the UV-system with river water abstracted directly from the Danube in the amount of 3% of the total flow rate was provided. Water quality analytical studies were carried out before and after disinfection by VZM-VEK Laboratory. In the process of studies the efficient UV-irradiation dosage of 60 mlJ/cm2 was determined for underflow (infiltrate) river water in definite operation conditions. The use of advanced combined water disinfection technology (chlorination + UV-irradiation) ensures minimizing the level of chlorination, reducing the risk of byproducts formation and improving the water safety.
Key words
surface water source , ultra-violet irradiation , drinking water supply , laboratory tests , efficient UV-irradiation dosage
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UDC 504.06
Skryabin A. Yu., Popovian G. V., Tron' I. A.
Microalgae as a factor affecting the organoleptic properties of the Don River water
Summary
Stringent hygienic requirements are set to the drinking water quality: epidemiologic, radiation and chemical safety, favorable organoleptic properties. The applicable regulatory documents control a number of parameters; however, other factors exist that affect the water safety and potability. In particular, among these are the amount and species composition of microalgae in water. Massive microphyte growth in surface water sources during water bloom raises serious difficulties in the process of water treatment and severely affects such regulated parameters as color and taste. The laboratory workers at «Rostovvodokanal» JSC have made observations of the microphyte growth in the Don water for 34 years. During this period the evolution of the species composition of microalgae in the Don River has been investigated. It was proved that certain cyanobacteria species affect the organoleptic properties of water. The efficiency of different water treatment methods of odor strength reduction is considered. For the operating water treatment plants the method of water odor strength reduction with the use of rapid gravity filter by natural aeration is suggested.
Key words
water supply , surface water source , water treatment , odor , phytoplankton , microalgae , geosmin , odor components
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UDC 628.1.033
Artemenok N. D., Nikitin A. M.
Certain Issues of Safety of Potable Water Supply
SUMMARY
Issues of the safety of potable water supply for population using the surface and ground water are considered. Draft Federal Laws On Potable Water and Potable Water Supply and On Safety of Water Supply give preference to ground water and if a surface source is used it is recommended to organize an additional, reserve water intake of ground water in case of emergency situations. In perspective, a part of ground water used for water supply will reach 50% all over the country. But in many cities having the reserve water sources the problems concerning the influence of changeable water quality on human health are not solved.
Key words
potable water , surface water source , water intake , ground water , pumping-filtration station , redundancy of water sources
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UDC 628.161.3
Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A.
Optimization of chemical water treatment costs in the process
of abstraction from surface water sources
Summary
The operational experience of «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy» LLC in the optimization of chemical water treatment costs in the process of water abstraction from the surface water source is presented. The Saratovskoe water reservoir has been the only water supply source of Samara urban district. Seasonal variations of water quality in the water reservoir call for the upgrade of the chemical water treatment method with the purpose of improving the efficiency of the treatment processes. To determine the optimal dosage of chemicals the process of chemical water processing in Lovibond ЕТ-750 flocculator has been being simulated at the laboratory of the water treatment plant using the required set parameters: mixing time, sedimentation time, time of passing through the facilities; mixing rate. During test coagulation the features of the generated sludge and its sedimentation rate are monitored. The results of the test coagulation provide for regulating the chemical dosages and water processing modes. The optimal dosages of chemicals determined during the test water coagulation provided for the economical efficiency 33,48% in 2016; 31,3% in 2017. A combined water treatment flow scheme with the use of two coagulant types: polyaluminum chloride in winter and less expensive aluminium sulfate in summer is introduced. Routine test coagulation with the purpose of the optimal chemical dosage depending on the water source quality provides for optimizing and planning chemical costs to ensure the water quality meeting the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to the water quality in public drinking water supply systems. Quality control».
Key words
surface water source , water treatment , test coagulation , chemical dosage , cost optimization
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UDC 628.17
Abilov Fazil Adil ogly, Agarzaiev Tural Mazakhir ogly
Losses in the water supply system of Greater Baku and measures on their elimination
Summary
The population of Azerbaijan numbers more than 9.5 million people; half of the population is supplied with drinking water from the public water supply system. The water supply of Greater Baku (Baku city, Sumgait city and Apsheron) is carried out from five sources. In some communities water leakages reach 40–50%. Water losses in the distribution networks result in increases in operational expenses and reduction of the water network integrity. Water losses in the networks are mainly due to the following: commercial losses – illegal connections; physical losses – leakages; losses at calculations – water meter errors. The results of theoretical studies and practical measures on eliminating leakages in water distribution networks are presented. All the technical data is based on the actual information obtained from the relative water supply system maintenance departments of «Azersu» JSC.
Key words
leakages , surface water source , water consumption , water supply system , water meter
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UDC 628.16.066.1
Strelkov A. K., Sopyryaev M. N., Egorova Yu. A., Bykova P. G.
Development of Contact Clarification Technology for Low Turbid Water Treatment
Summary
The enhancement of a single-stage flow chart of treatment of low turbid water of the Saratov Reservoir (the Volga) in contact clarifiers at the treatment facilities of the city of Samara is considered. The experience of the operation of contact clarifiers in Samara under conditions of low turbid colour water treatment shows the high efficiency of water clarification and decolouration at simultaneous reduction of the cost of construction and operation of treatment facilities in comparison with the two-stage water treatment. The process of contact coagulation progresses faster than the usual coagulation in the free volume. A doze of coagulant at water clarification in contact clarifiers is smaller than in the course of two-stage treatment. The temperature of the water has almost no influence on the process of contact coagulation.
Key words
disinfection , surface water source , water supply plant , contact clarifier , loading material
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UDC 628.1.033
Chupin V. R.
The current state and problems of the public water supply system of the city of Irkutsk and Irkutsk Area
Summary
Supplying the population with high quality drinking water has been a high-priority task of the urban land development. Lake Baikal and the Angara River, its effluent, supply most of the Irkutsk Area population with drinking water. The pure drinkable water of Baikal that the Angara is carrying is as such only upstream of Irkutsk. Onwards it turns into the holding pond of industrial and domestic wastewater. Downstream Irkutsk the Angara water cannot be used for drinking water supply without organics, heavy metals and oil products removal. Using the example of establishing the public water supply system of the Irkutsk Area the aspects of supplying water from the open surface water sources were studied. It is shown that the water use under the conditions of the regulated surface water sources with significant water level fluctuations demands constructing combined water intakes of special design – shore, channel, infiltration and pontoon. The sources with low-mineralized water shall be used in combination with mineralized underground water. The need of developing group water supply systems with the use of protected underground water sources or large-scale surface fresh water sources is shown.
Key words
potable water , surface water source , water intake , ground water , centralized water supply system , water level in a water reservoir
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