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UDC 628.16.081.3
SEREDKINA E. V., Kvachan E. P., Nezhura E. A.
Nonchemical underground water treatment
(Case study of the Amur water intake, the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur)
Summary
Until the present no economically available and environmentally substantiated process scheme of a land-based underground water conditioning plant in the Far East has existed. High concentrations of iron and manganese at low Eh and pH values predetermined the use of chemical methods of treatment. The comparison of two process flow schemes – chemical and nonchemical (with the use of catalytic filtering media) is presented. It is shown that the use of the technology with three chemicals is not the only possible solution. The use of imported equipment and chemicals makes the operator of the municipal water treatment plant dependent on the pricing policy of the supplier. A process flow scheme of water treatment tested under the real-time conditions of a water intake and approved for the introduction with the use of catalytic filtering media and Russian-made equipment is presented. The main task in developing the process flow scheme of nonchemical water treatment was enhancement of the treatment processes with the aim of reducing capital and operational expenses.
Key words
deferrization , demanganization , decarbonization , nonchemical underground water treatment , nonchemical method , catalytic filtering media
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UDC 628.112.13
Steblevsky V. I., Koulakov V. V.
Starting the exploitation of an alternative underground water source in Khabarovsk
Summary
A technical and economic comparison of the ground water treatment technologies applied in the Tungus aquifer with traditional technologies of deironing and demanganization used at the overground facilities is presented. The advantages of the geotechnologic intraformational purification method that is twice as efficient as traditional technologies are specified. The experimental-industrial operation of the pilot plant provided for the potable water quality meeting the standards without using any chemicals or constructing expensive overground treatment structures.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , demanganization , intraformational purification in an aquifer
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UDC 628.161.2
KURANOV N. P., KUZMIN V. V., Boldyrev Kirill, Bilek F.
Geochemical simulation of intraformational deironing and demanganation of ground water
Summary
A model of intraformational elimination of iron and manganese from ground water based on PhreeqC 2 software package was developed. The model takes into account the chemical parameters of the proceeding processes. The model application results show the high efficiency of intraformational deironing in the area of the Mostovoy water intake (Komsomolsk-on-Amur city). The effect of manganese concentration increase in pumped water during the initial operating period of the Tungus ground water intake is explained. The developed technique of hydrogeochemical simulation provides for designing a model of intraformational process of iron and manganese elimination while taking into account the analysis of the rock water-retaining capacity and intrastratal water.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , demanganization , hydrogeochemical simulation , intrastratal water purification
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
GERASIMOV M. M., SMIRNOV A. D., Davlyaterova R. A., Domnin K. V., Arkhipova Elena, Metelitsa Ekaterina, Smagin V. A., Belyak А. А.
Demanganization of decarbonized ground water of the Tungus basin with the use of catalytic media
Summary
A summarized analysis of the ground water demanganization methods is presented. The efficiency of manganese removal by «black sand» filtering is determined; the process parameters for purification of decarbonized ground water of the Tungus basin are specified. The efficiency of air assisted wash for the regeneration of the filter media upon the end of the filter run is evaluated. It was determined that the «black sand» filter media shall be activated with potassium permanganate. The complete process layout of the water demanganization facilities at the Tungus intake of the Khabarovsk city including sludge and filter washings treatment is developed.
Key words
ground water , demanganization , decarbonization , filter run , activation of filter media
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UDC 628162.1
Seliukov Aleksandr, Chekmareva S. V.
Demanganization of River Water
Summary
One of the intractable problems of public utilities for treatment of water from surface sources, an impossibility of water demanganization using the classical scheme of water treatment, is considered. The results of studies of river water aftertreatment for manganese with the help of potassium permanganate at the water supply facilities of the city of Pugachev, Saratov Reg., are presented. In the course of selection of the method of reducing the manganese content the pH value and redox potential of the medium are taken into account. The studies conducted and the testing operation of the system of potassium permanganate dozing show that the treatment using this reagent ensures the residual content of manganese in potable water meeting the specified requirements.
Key words
potable water , water treatment , manganese , water source , potassium permanganate , demanganization
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
Govorov O. B., Govorova Zh. M., Kvartenko A. N.
Studies and experience of introducing innovative technologies of ground water conditioning
Summary
Ground water is often characterized by the presence of dissolved gases, iron and manganese compounds, fluorine in certain cases, nutrients, organics of natural and anthropogenic origin etc. Therefore, at the initial stage of ground water purification preliminary removal of dissolved gases and saturation of water with oxygen from air is required to provide for oxidizing protoxidic forms of the ingredients subject to removal. Testing ground water conditioning technologies was carried out under the conditions of the operating water treatment plant at the pilot facilities. The technologies involve the use of bioreactors with jet vacuum ejection at the initial stage and subsequent water filtration in filters with floating media. The role and advantages of bioreactors and technologies involving their use are shown in comparison with other aeration facilities and devices. Based on the research findings the process parameters of the main facilities operation have been specified that ensure the sustainable regulatory water treatment level. It was stated that after «charging» the bioreactor and filter media alongside with aeration and dissolved gas removal the efficiency of deironing at the first stage was 78.6–88.9%; at the second stage – up to до 97% at 25 and 8 m/h filtration rate, relatively. The results of experimental studies and commercial tests at the operating water intake are presented. The experience of operating commercial plants is generalized that confirms the efficiency of the developed energy-efficient technologies of ground water conditioning.
Key words
deferrization , bioreactor , ground water , demanganization , filter with floating media , energy-efficient technology , commercial tests
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.07.01
UDC 628.16.081
Seliukov Aleksandr
Integrated technology for conditioning low-mineralized cold ground water
Summary
An advanced integrated technology for conditioning low-mineralized cold groundwater is presented. The technology was developed for the purpose of supplying drinking water to the oil and gas-bearing regions of the Tyumen North. With a favorable ratio of fresh water resources and the actual volume of water consumption in this region of Russia, the issue of drinking water supply from underground aquifers remains acute due to the problematic water quality and low efficiency of the treatment facilities. The technology is intended for removing iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide and providing for the stabilization treatment of water. The main work including laboratory studies and pilot tests was carried out in the period 2001–2020. On the basis of the developed process solutions, water treatment facilities have been built and successfully operated in the cities of Noyabrsk (75 thousand m3/day, 2006) and Novy Urengoy (65 thousand m3/day, 2007). Additional tests of the technology carried out in Khanty-Mansiisk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur confirmed its effectiveness. The technology involves using hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate as the basic chemicals for the oxidation of water pollutants, as well as using an alkaline chemical for pH adjustment and stabilization treatment. To meet the requirements of the WHO standard for the concentrations of iron and manganese, an additional flocculant can be used. The data on the composition of groundwater used for testing are summarized, and on their basis the recommended area of application of the developed technology is determined. The basic process flow scheme of conditioning low-mineralized cold groundwater in view of 15 years of experience in operating the existing facilities, and of advanced solutions for dosing and mixing of chemicals, is presented. It is indicated that the technology also provides for a partial reduction in the silicon concentration in purified water (up to 30%). The developed technology ensures stable drinking water with a standard residual concentration of iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide.
Key words
deferrization , hydrogen peroxide , ground water , potassium permanganate , demanganization , stabilization treatment , caustic soda , hydrogen sulfide removal
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida
Underground water conditioning for utility and drinking water supply of oil refinery producing area
Summary
The results of experimental studies of conditioning underground water containing high iron concentrations for utility and drinking water supply of oil refinery producing area are presented. At the first stage the exact values of underground water pH and redox potential of the medium were defined in order to evaluate the potential of using different deironing-demanganation processes. A specially designed flow-through temperature-controlled cell was used for measurements. The comprehensive technology of chemical treatment developed earlier for conditioning underground water at the Tumen North here again ensures the standard quality of drinking water. In the process of removing iron and manganese from water with simultaneous stabilization the chemicals having RF certificates for drinking water supply are used: hydrogen peroxide (GOST 177-88), potassium permanganate (ANSI/AWWA 603-88 standard) and caustic soda (GB 5175-2008 standard). The use of stabilization treatment provides for the elimination of secondary pollution with iron in the distribution network. Separation of insoluble reaction products was carried out by filtration through granular bed (quartz sand of 0.5–1.2 mm fraction). The obtained correlations between redox potential and chemical dosages allow to automatize the dosing process. In this case the technology provides for the residual concentration of iron and manganese less than 0.1 mg/l in drinking water. As an additional effect the technology ensures reducing the concentration of pollutants of technogenic origin– anionic surfactants (75%) and oil products (90%). Thereby the residual concentration meets the standard for bottled water. On the basis of the carried out tests the Process regulations for designing facilities for underground water conditioning of 4800 m3/day capacity were developed.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , demanganization , stabilization treatment , removal of technogenic pollutants
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida, Solovyova O. V.
Conditioning underground water of the Amur water intake (the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur)
Summary
The results of investigating conditioning underground water of the Amur water intake of Komsomolsk-on-Amur are given. At present the construction of in situ deironing-demanganation facilities is underway; however the test operation of the first stage showed that the water quality did not meet the normative standard. An alternative technology was suggested, i.e. chemical treatment that ensured water stabilization and elimination of iron and manganese. In-process tests take into account all possible scenarios of operating the integrated aquifer treatment facilities under construction.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , demanganization , stabilization treatment
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
TESLA V. G., ALEKSEEV V. S., Koulakov V. V.
On the criteria of choosing the best available water treatment technology as applied to the Amur water intake (Komsomolsk-on-Amur city)
Summary
While choosing the technology of underground water conditioning it is advisable to be geared to the recommendations in SP 31.13330.2012 «Water supply. Public utilities», «Classifier of natural water treatment technologies» (NII VODGEO, 2000) as well as to minimizing the environmental impact. It is shown that intraformational treatment of underground waters meets to the maximal extent the requirements to the best available technologies and domestic standards developed on the basis of ISO 14000 International Standard. By the example of the Amur water intake of Komsomolsk-on-Amur city the complete conformity of the designed technology of intraformational iron and manganese compounds removal to the above-mentioned criteria with account of the specific water composition is noted. In discussing the specific features of underground water chemical treatment the attention is drawn to the inadmissibility of large-scale use of precursor – potassium permanganate for water conditioning. It is suggested to evaluate additionally the water treatment technology with account of the economical efficiency.
Key words
reagent treatment , ground water , water treatment , demanganization , intraformational treatment , deferrization
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UDC 628.16.081
Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida
Deironing-demanganation of ground waters at the Severny intake facilities of Khanty-Mansiysk
Summary
The results of investigating the process of deironing-demanganation of ground waters at the Severny intake facilities of Khanty-Mansiysk are presented. Ground water subject to treatment is characterized by low hardness, low alkalinity, low salt concentration and temperature values typical for the waters in the north of Tyumen. The water treatment technology applied at the intake facilities does not ensure meeting the water quality standards for iron and manganese. An alternative method of oxidation with potassium permanganate is suggested. As a result of the pilot tests at the Severny intake facilities the optimal dose of potassium permanganate that provided for decreasing iron and manganese concentration to the standard level was determined. It was shown that preliminary alkalization of the treated water to pH 7.5 and 8.5 allows 3–10 decrease of the dose.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , potassium permanganate , demanganization , process tests
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
TESLA V. G., Steblevsky V. I., Domnin K. V., Kherlitsius J., Koulakov V. V.
Experimental-industrial operation of a pilot plant for intraformational ground water purification at the Tungus intake facilities
Summary
The results of experimental-industrial tests of a pilot plant for intraformational water deironing and demanganization at the Tungus ground water intake in Khabarovsk are presented. The ground waters of the Tungus deposit are characterized by high content of iron, manganese, and dissolved carbon dioxide at low pH values. The pilot plant included three operating and 14 observation wells. The positive impact of artificial recharge of the aquifer in the operation area of the intraformational water purification at high pH and dissolved oxygen levels is shown. Based on the results of the water qualitative composition analyses of the observation wells located at various distances from the operating wells a schematic view of the sedimentation area around the operating wells is given. Based on the pilot plant operation results a working draft of the intake with the intraformational purification capacity of 106,000 m3/day was designed. At present the first section of the water intake with a capacity of 25,000 m3/day has been completed.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , demanganization , intraformational treatment , hydrodynamic simulation
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UDC 628.165:66.081.63
Kurdiumov V. R., Timofeev K. L., Kraiukhin S. A.
Specific features of using reverse osmosis for mine water treatment
Summary
The possibility of using reverse osmosis for treatment of mine water from dead copper-nickel pits was studied. The composition of mine water was, mg/dm3: Mn 0,6–1; Fe 0,01–0,1; Ni 0,8–1,5; Cu 0,3–0,5; Zn 0,05–0,25; Co 0,02–0,07; Na 35–50; Ca 125–150;
Mg 35–45; SO4 100–200; Cl 65–75; Al 0,02–0,05; Si 9–11; Se 0,1–0,2; As < 0,005; Te < 0,005; Pb < 0,005; Hg < 0,00005; salt content 750–850; total hardness 9.5–11.5 °dGH; рН 7–7.5. The studies were carried out in a pilot plant with a capacity of 1 m3/h with original mine water. The plant included ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis modules. The permeate yield varied in the range of 50–75% of the original water volume. The method of chemical mine water demanganation and de-ironing at the primary treatment stage was tested. The quality of effluent (permeate) fully conforms to the drinking water requirements. The operating conditions of the pilot plant are described; the chemical unit consumption is presented. The specific features of using reverse osmosis technology for mine water treatment are described. The basic performance indicators of the reverse osmosis unit in terms of the equivalent amount of 1 m3/h at
the effluent output of 75% of the inflow are presented. The method of concentrate utilization is described providing its yield is reduced to 5% which makes it possible to extract valuable admixtures (non-ferrous metals).
Key words
deferrization , reverse osmosis , ultrafiltration , stability index , demanganization , concentrate utilization , mine water , non-ferrous metals
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.02
UDC 628.161.3:628.168.3
Seliukov Aleksandr, Raff P. A., Mishina T. F.
Pre-project in-process testing river water purification in the Arctic Circle
Summary
The results of pre-project in-process testing purification of water of the Vary-Khadyta River, the source of drinking and domestic water supply for the village of Yar-Sale (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), are presented. Throughout the year the permissible concentration of iron, manganese, suspended solids and compounds in the river water that cause the water color is exceeded. Low temperatures, alkalinity and salinity result in the low level of water stability (Langelier index from –3.8 to –1.1 points). Water treatment facilities in Yar-Sale village (WTF-50) do not provide for the standard quality of purified water. This due to both incorrect water treatment technology that involves only filtration for clarification, and an incomplete set of chemicals required to produce drinking water. During the upgrade of the treatment facilities replacing the technology with the traditional clarification flow scheme (sedimentation – filtration) because of the periodic use of high doses of coagulant, as well as supplementing the chemical treatment with processes of alkalization and oxidation of the river water manganese with potassium permanganate was proposed. To assign the design modes of chemical water treatment, in-process tests were carried out under the conditions of the WTF of Yar-Sale village. For clarification and color removal, the chemicals used at the WTF of Yar-Sale village were applied (POHA «Aqua-Aurat-30TM» coagulant, flocculant Praestol 2530). It is shown that using only these chemicals did not provide for the standard quality of drinking water. To enhance the efficiency of purification, it is proposed to carry out chemical treatment in two stages: upstream the sedimentation tanks – alkalization, coagulation and flocculation, then upstream the filters – additional alkalization, oxidation of manganese with potassium permanganate and additional flocculation. The operational doses of chemicals were determined, that ensure the production of stable drinking water meeting the requirements of the current regulatory documents. Based on the test results obtained, a standard operating procedure for designing the upgrade of the WTF-50 of Yar-Sale village was developed.
Key words
deferrization , potassium permanganate , demanganization , river water , stabilization treatment , soda ash , color removal , «Aqua-Aurat-30тм» , Praestol 2530
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.02.01
UDC 628.16.081:542.943-92
Seliukov Aleksandr, Rakhimov V. V.
Reconstruction of the ground water treatment plant
in Noyabrsk (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
Summary
The main results of technological surveys that form the basis for the project of reconstruction of the ground water treatment plant in Noyabrsk (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) are presented. The plant was built according to the project of DAR/VODGEO CJSC (Moscow) and commissioned in September 2006. The plant uses a new technology that provides for the sequential treatment of water with two oxidizing agents – hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate to remove iron and manganese compounds. The project shortcomings and incomplete implementation of design solutions complicate the regular operation of the plant and make it difficult to ensure the standard quality of drinking water. It was stated that ground water contained hydrogen sulfide in concentrations up to 0.1 mg/dm3, which required extra consumption of chemicals. Manual dosing of chemicals causes significant deviations from the required doses: from –14.5 to +19.1% for hydrogen peroxide and from –8.5 to +9.1% for potassium permanganate. It is pointed out that crude products of potassium permanganate produced by the P. R. China used as a chemical agent in drinking water supply, pose a threat of increased toxicity of drinking water. The determined value of the Langelier index (index of saturation with calcium carbonate) of ground water (–2.35 units) allowed to conclude that stabilization treatment by alkalization is required. The performed test water treatment with hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate in combination with alkalization showed that this process provided for achieving the residual concentrations of manganese < 0.1 mg/dm3 and total iron 0.1–0.15 mg/dm3 in the absence of residual hydrogen sulfide. However, to produce water of constant standard quality, high accuracy of chemical dosing is required that can only be provided by completely automated dosing. The project of upgrading the ground water treatment plant in Noyabrsk designed on the basis of technological research, allows to resolve the existing problems and ensure the standard quality of drinking water.
Ключевые слова
deferrization , ground water , hydrogen peroxide , potassium permanganate , demanganization , stabilization treatment , caustic soda , hydrogen sulfide removal
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UDC 628.161.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.02.01
Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Sazanova N. I., Davidovich Anastasiia, Vitkovskaia Raisa, Nesterova Tat’iana
Theory and practice of the deferrization and demanganation technology: experience of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation (part 1)
Summary
The paper dwells upon the analysis of methods for removing iron and manganese from groundwater at water treatment facilities with the justification of each stage of the process flow scheme based on the physical and chemical process patterns. Information is presented on the factors effecting the composition of groundwater, on the theoretical foundations of the physical and chemical processes of deferrization and demanganation, and on the technology innovations. An estimation of the efficiency of the operating water treatment facilities in the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation is given. The paper confined to the 150th anniversary of the Minskvodokanal Unitary Enterprise corroborates the cooperation of water utilities of the two neighboring states that have similar geochemical characteristics of the aquifers.
Key words
deferrization , bioreactor , demanganization , catalytic media , contact-sorption and pressure filtration facilities , cavitation unit
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UDC 628.161.2
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.03.02
Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Portnova T. M., Sazanova N. I., Davidovich Anastasiia, Vitkovskaia Raisa, Nesterova Tat’iana, Gusev Aleksei
Theory and practice of the deferrization and demanganation technology: experience of the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation (part 2)
Summary
The paper dwells upon the analysis of methods for removing iron and manganese from groundwater at water treatment facilities with the justification of each stage of the process flow scheme based on the physical and chemical process patterns. Information is presented on the factors effecting the composition of groundwater, on the theoretical foundations of the physical and chemical processes of deferrization and demanganation, and on the technology innovations. An estimation of the efficiency of the operating water treatment facilities in the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation is given. The second part of the paper confined to the 150th anniversary of the Minskvodokanal Unitary Enterprise corroborates the cooperation of water utilities of the two neighboring states that have similar geochemical characteristics of the aquifers.
Key words
deferrization , bioreactor , demanganization , catalytic media , contact-sorption and pressure filtration facilities , cavitation unit
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.08.02
UDC 628.161
FESENKO L. N., Ignatenko S. I., Fedotov R. V., Shchukin S. A., Kaberskaia Dar’ia, Paukova Dar’ia
The technology of two-stage purification of water with high concentration of iron and manganese
Summary
The results of laboratory studies and field tests of iron removal combined with the demanganation of underground water at the local treatment facilities of the Makhin farm in the Rostov Region are presented. The effect of iron removal and demanganation of underground water in the process flow scheme with artificial aeration, oxidation and subsequent one- and two-stage filtration has been established. The injection points and optimal doses of potassium permanganate and coagulant in the two-stage filtration scheme were determined. A process flow scheme of iron removal combined with the demanganation of underground water with iron content from 10 to 15 mg/dm3 and manganese concentration up to 3.2 mg/dm3 is proposed.
Key words
deferrization , demanganization , nonchemical underground water treatment , local water treatment facilities , two-stage filtration
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UDC 628.16.081:546.72/.711
Ryazantsev A. A., Glazkov D. V., Prosianikov E. D.
Removal of iron and manganese from natural water
Summary
The task of the study was investigating the impact of cavitation originating in low pressure devices of jet type on the kinetics of Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions oxidation as well as developing the method of chemical free removal of manganese and iron from natural water. The results of studies and the mechanisms of iron Fe2+ and manganese Mn2+ catalytic oxidation in water induced by cavitation are presented. The jet type device is equipped with a cartridge made in the form of a cone charged with crushed natural manganese mineral psilomelane or small steel chips. The particles of MnO2 and (or) FeOOH catalyst getting into water as a result of corrosion of the charge under the impact of cavitation become centers on which a Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions adsorption and oxidation take place. It was stated that under these conditions Fe2+ oxidation was not a limiting stage whereas complete oxidation of Mn2+ ions with the initial concentration of 2 mg/l occurs within 5 minutes. The fast manganese oxidation in the reactor charged with steel chips is caused by high Fe0 corrosion rate induced by cavitation and catalytic effect of structureless iron hydroxides that are formed during the charge corrosion. The obtained experimental data allowed designing a process flow scheme of manganese and iron removal from water that included a cavitation module and ceramic membrane filters operating in cross-filtration mode. The dimensions and size of a water treatment unit with a capacity of 60 m3/day have been calculated.
Key words
iron , manganese , natural water , demanganization , deferrization , catalytic oxidation , cavitation , cross-filtration
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UDC 628.161.2:546.(711+72)
Zhurba M. G., Savelyev S. P., Ourousov D. Yu., Gabliya Yu. A., Diachuk Sergei, Lykov V. V., Parusov Denis
Improving the technology of deironing and demanganation of the underground waters in Ulyanovsk
Summary
An improved design of two-stage technology of deironing and demanganation of underground waters with the use of floating polystyrene foam media at the Ulyanovsk water treatment facilities was suggested and tested. At the first stage the processes of aeration-degassing, contact filtration and filtration rate regulation of the second stage filters are carried out. It was established that manganese removal from the underground water of Arkhangelsk water intake can be carried out only by additional dosing 0.6–0.8 mg/l of 4–5% potassium permanganate solution before the filters of the second stage. In doing so the time of chemical being in contact with the filter media of the second stage can be reduced from 20 to 4–5 minutes.
Key words
deferrization , ground water , oxidation , demanganization , catalyst , bioreactor filter , floating polystyrene foam media
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