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UDC 628.16.067.3
Filatov A. I.
Method of maintaining the steady grain-size composition of rapid filter media
Summary
During the operation of rapid filters the grains of the filter media inevitably wear off and disintegrate which affects adversely the output of the filtration plants. To restore the design grain-size composition of the filter media the upper reduced in size layer is usually removed. This process is fairly labor-intensive and economically unjustified. The consistency of the grain-size composition of rapid filter media can be maintained eliminating labor-intensive processes of manual removal of fine grains and media unloading and rescreening. A method of maintaining the steady grain-size composition directly in the filter by intermittent washing with preestimated stabilization rate is suggested. The formulae for calculating the rate and process stages of stabilization wash are presented.
Key words
rapid filter , filter bed , filtration plant , grainsize composition , intermittent wash , filter media fineness stabilization
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.07.04
UDC 628.196
Klebeko Pavel, Romanovskii Valentin
Modified anthracites as effective catalytic materials for deironing of undergroundwater
Summary
The results of the study of modified anthracite as one of the most promising filtering materials that can be used in water treatment for undergroundwater deironing are presented. Anthracite granules were coated with iron oxides by exothermic combustion in solutions in a muffle furnace. Iron-containing sludge from water treatment plants was used as a precursor of iron. The effect of four different reducing agents on the surface-phase composition and properties of modified materials was studied. Using the method of exothermic combustion in solutions anthracite granules were modified with the formation of finely dispersed and crystalline structures of iron oxides on their surface. This had a positive effect on the catalytic ability of the material to underground water deironing. The catalytic properties of the obtained samples and the efficiency of deironing of underground water were investigated.
Key words
deferrization , water treatment , anthracite , filter bed , exothermic combustion in solutions , deironing plant sludge
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.02.08
УДК 628.161:691.311
Romanovskii Valentin, Kamarou Maksim
Направления использования фильтрата при производстве гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод
Аннотация
Одним из важнейших аспектов разрабатываемых в настоящее время технологий является то, что они должны быть безотходными либо малоотходными. При производстве синтетического гипса из осадков коагуляции природных вод и отходов серной кислоты образуется кислый фильтрат, который по своему составу содержит соли Mg, Na, Ca и Fe. Предложена и проработана возможность использования фильтрата с высоким содержанием железа для получения магнитных сорбентов при удалении нефтепродуктов из водных сред, а также для получения фотокаталитических материалов при деструкции растворенных органических веществ. Исследование показало, что магнитные сорбенты обладают нефтеемкостью до 2 г/г. Полученные фотокаталитические материалы обладают также высокой эффективностью фотодеструкции красителя (кислотного телона синего) на уровне 80% при времени обработки 60 минут.
Ключевые слова
oil products , filter bed , sorbent , gypsum , coagulation sludge , photocatalyst
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UDC 628.16.067.3
Filatov A. I.
Review of the trends of rapid filtration improvement:
designs, technologies, calculation methods
Summary
The results of the works carried out at Rostov Research Institute of Public Utilities for the period of 1980–2016 on improving the design, calculation methods and technologies of rapid filtration are presented. The works were mainly relevant to two basic elements of rapid filters: drainage-distribution systems and filtering media as well as improvement of water coagulation processes. The obtained results were published elsewhere during 1983–2016 and found practical use at many filtration plants in Russia. More than 120 years of practice of using rapid filters in municipal water supply as well as the results of numerous studies show that from the reliability and durability standpoint quartz sand filter media is the most stable in relation to the basic indicators (including wear capacity and grindability). Using this media in combination with advanced coagulants and flocculants provides for stable high quality filtrate. Another very important element of a rapid filter is the drainage-distribution system designed for reliable regeneration of the filtering media. One of the advanced types is porous drainage developed by the experts of Rostov NII AKKH: porous polymer concrete drainage on the basis of epoxy bonding agents and tubular-porous drainage with fixed porous layer. The reliability of these drainages has been proved by 20-year practice of field work. The core results of the described work are presented to help using them by the employees of engineering companies, water providers and students studying municipal drinking water supply.
Key words
filter bed , filtration plant , rapid filters of big and small surface area , drainage design , washing process , head loss curves
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UDC 628.16.067.1.004.1
Ulchenko V. M., Tregub Yu. A., Vilkova E. Kh., Ostroushko Yu. V.
Experience in Operation of Ecopolymer Drainage-Distribution Systems at the WesternFiltration Station Luganskvoda
Summary
Results of the operation of Ecopolymerdrainage-distribution systems in rapid filters of water treatment facilities are presented. In the course of operation of filters with media, small sand fractions are concentrated gradually in the upper layer leading to rapid reduction in filtration rate in the beginning of a filtration cycle. After the upper layer of filtration material has been removed the main process operational parameters became normal. It is shown that the necessity of removing the upper layer of filtration material can be evaluated according to the character of the curve of fluctuations of a maximum filtration rate. The filter material preparation technique for filters with water washing equipped with the Ecopolymer drainage-distribution systems is given. The research shows that they ensure a high evenness of washing and filtrate collection along the whole filter surface without any supporting layers, and their operation characteristics are higher than of fissure drainage that makes it possible to use sand of required granulometric composition.
Key words
rapid filter , filter bed , drainage-distribution system , filtration rate , duration of filtration cycle
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UDC 628.3.001.2
Ponomarev V. G., Oulanovsky Ya. B., Korolyov M. A.
Designing wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
An approach to the selection of industrial wastewater treatment technologies and design calculations is considered. The authors analyzed the advanced design solutions with specifying their drawbacks and mistakes often made. The process solutions used in installations made by Stroyengineering LLC and practically approved during the onsite operation are described.
Key words
settling , treatment facilities , wastewater , flotation , filter bed
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DOI 000000
UDC 628.196
Romanovskii Valentin, Gorelaia Olesia
Sorbent for oily wastewater treatment based on the wastes of de-ironing plants
Summary
The results of studying the properties of a sorbent obtained by the synthesis of nanosized iron oxides from the sludge generated during purification of wash water of de-ironing filters are presented. The method of exothermic combustion in solutions was chosen for the synthesis. Citric acid and hexamethylenetetramine were used as reducing agents in a stoichiometric ratio according to the reaction equation. X-ray phase analysis of the obtained samples showed the predominant presence of a magnetite phase and, at temperatures above 600°C, an additional hematite phase. The total static exchange capacity and specific surface area of the synthesized sorbent samples (up to 186.6 m2/g) were determined from the sorption of methylene blue dye. The sorbent capacity of the materials obtained (up to 3.1 g/g) is not inferior to the existing sorbents of oil products. Obtaining magnetic oil sorbents is possible eliminating the use of expensive technologies but with the simultaneous use of waste from de-ironing plants which will provide for reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and obtaining an economic effect at least by reducing the cost of production.
Key words
oil products , wastewater treatment , filter bed , sorbent , exothermic combustion in solutions , deironing plant sludge
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