Water treatment facilities, units and technologies with floating polymer bed (design and introduction experience)

Summary

The principal stages of designing water treatment facilities and units with granules of expanded crushed and uncrushed polysterene with the density less than the water density used as filtering bed are presented. The theoretical concepts and distinguishing features of water clarification process in a styrofoam layer are considered. The history of water clarification process in styrofoam layers at the specific structure of the granulated layer depends primarily on the quality of incoming water, filtration rate and surface properties of the bed. The dominant parameters of the surface water quality in this case are as follows: dispersiveness and suspended matter concentration, kinetic stability of its colloid particles. During filtration of effluents after biochemical treatment in addition to the above-mentioned parameters the microbial life-sustaining activities play an important role. The process parameters of various filters with floating bed (FPZ-1, …, FPZ-6, AFPZ-4М) and bioreactors with jet vacuum ejection are quoted. The positive experience of the introduction and operation of these facilities as part of water intake and purification complexes, natural water treatment plants, underground water conditioning plants and domestic, industrial and storm wastewater tertiary treatment plants is considered. Lately the increase of anthropogenic impact on the water sources have raised the demand for carrying out process experimental studies with real water of different water purification processes including filtration in filters with floating polymer bed at large-scale pilot plants. Based on the obtained results of the studies of water purification processes the recommendations for designing a water intake and purification complex were developed and implemented during its construction.

Key words

filter , deferrization , natural and waste water , aftertreatment , floating polymer bed , clarification of low-concentrated suspensions

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UDC 628.162.1

Filatova E. G., Dudarev V. I., Syrykh Yu. S., Nguen Ngok An Tuan

Extraction of Iron Ions (II) from Aqueous Solutions with Carbonic Sorbents

SUMMARY

The absorbing capacity of carbonic sorbents of ИПИ-Т mark regarding iron ions (II) has been studied. Sorbents on the basis of carbonated polymer materials stable to aggressive media, have a developed specific surface area, inexpensive. Isotherms of adsorption under static conditions at temperature of 298 K have been obtained. The isotherm of adsorption is described satisfactorily by the Langmuir equation. Results of the study shows that carbonic sorbents of ИПИ-Т mark are able to sorb iron ions (II), in the process, a sorption capacity is 0,24 mole/g. The kinetics of the process has been studied, thermodynamic parameters of sorption have been determined. The sorption method of treatment with the use of sorbents of ИПИ-Т can be economically sound. Сarbonic sorbents are perspective for selective extraction of iron ions (II) from industrial wastewater.

Key words

natural and waste water , iron ions , carbonic sorbent , absorbing capacity , sorption capacity

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UDC 628.161.2:66.081

Chernyshev P. I., Kruchinina N. E., Panfilov V. A., Kuzin E. N.

The use of ATM-1 adsorbent-cationite in the processes
of removing metals from natural and waste water

Summary

The relevancy of the task of searching and obtaining new sorbents based on cheap and high production volume raw materials to be used in water and wastewater treatment is noted. The prospects of obtaining sorbent based on «Ogneupory» JSC refractory processing wastes – synthetic brucite is substantiated. The physical and chemical properties of ATM-1 mixed mineral product are given as well as the static and calculated dynamic capacitance of ATM-1 ion-exchange sorbent samples in relation to ions of some heavy metals – iron, copper, nickel, cadmium, chromium (VI), tungsten (VI). The results of the consolidated pilot studies of the material as filter media in the process of iron removal and demanganation of natural water are presented alongside with the results of the laboratory studies of plating waste treatment. The laboratory studies carried out under static conditions showed the efficiency of reducing the concentration of heavy metal concentrations in the samples of wash water of electroplating industry if treated with ATM-1 sorbent. It is assumed that the removal of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, manganese ions is caused by both ion exchange phenomena and chemisorption. The results of the undertaken studies speak for the high sorption capacitance of ATM-1 sorbent samples in relation to heavy metal ions. The use of brucite wastes is one of the methods of removing metal ions from water and wastewater. It is noted that obtaining commercial ATM-1 will help to solve the problem of refractory processing wastes utilization and reduce the cost of the product.

Key words

natural and waste water , ion exchange , heavy metals , water treatment , sorbent , brucite

UDC 66.063.8
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.01.05

Bazhenov V. I.

Agitators for mixing wastewater and natural waters: standardization (for discussion)

Summary

The national standardization plans for 2024 include the new GOST R «Mixing devices for wastewater». Its purpose is to fill the gap in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this analysis is to consider problems based on the domestic and foreign experience and form proposals for the development of a national standard. The most significant results of industry-specific domestic technologies with agitators and current standards are analyzed. The following were subjected to detailed analysis: the international standard ISO 21630:2007 Pumps – Testing – Submersible mixers for wastewater and similar applications; the national standard of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) GB/T 33566-2017 Pusher submersible agitator, which is mandatory. The bench tests of agitators are considered. The current PRC non-regulatory industry standards: HJ/T 279-2006 Specifications for environmental protection product – Pusher submersible agitator and CJ/T 109-2007 Submersible agitator are also considered. Differences in approaches have been identified. The CFD modeling method is not an engineering tool for working on a project, but is intended for scientific substantiation of reliability. The main experience is concentrated in manufacturing companies that own confidential corporate documents: the method of calculating agitators according to mixing parameters, software for calculations with limited access, guidelines for positioning in tanks. The competition does not always allow manufacturing companies to make public the technical features of devices and software for calculations. The proposals include a recommendation to support the established practice in the Russian Federation based on the use of the international standard ISO 21630:2007 with parameter Thrust (N); to hold a public discussion of the goals and scope of the expected GOST R standard; to support the goals contributing to the production of agitators in the Russian Federation (the list is provided).

Key words

natural and waste water , water and wastewater management , State Standard (GOST) , submersible agitator , mixing device , national standard

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