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UDC 628.1/.2 (211-17)
Murashev S. V.
Systems of water and wastewater treatment for offshore and coastal facilities under the conditions of Arctic climate
Summary
The aspects of designing water supply and wastewater treatment systems for offshore Arctic facilities – floating drilling units, platforms and terminals are considered. Owing to the special conditions of operating floating drilling units in Arctic marine during long ice seasons a number of additional requirements to the water treatment systems shall be taken into consideration. Among them is reduction on the use of tankers-water carriers and of the fresh water reserve at the offshore facilities inter alia by abandoning the discharge of grey wastewater after proper treatment into the sea. Designing floating facilities of special purpose with the use of advanced small-scale and efficient systems of water purification and wastewater treatment – life-support vessels that is a separate trend in shipbuilding has been suggested and justified. Life-support vessels can be used for water transportation and waste disposal or as seasonal water and wastewater treatment systems for different purposes including emergency conditions.
Key words
water treatment , desalination , membrane technology , water treatment , offshore Arctic facilities
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UDC 628.1/.2(98)
Kofman V. Ya.
Water supply and wastewater disposal in the Arctic Region:
advanced technical soltions (a review)
Summary
In Canada wastewater treatment technology has been developed for small isolated arctic communities based on the effective biodegradation of organic carbon using a combination of anaerobic methanogenic and microbial bioelectrochemical processes that provide for biomethane generation. Microbial electrochemical degradation is executed in a membrane-free flow-type reactor with a bioanode and a biocathode operating at a voltage below the threshold of water electrolysis. In laboratory-based experiments in a wide range of mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures (5–23 °C) a high efficiency of reducing BOD5 (90–97%) was achieved with a residual content of less than 7 mg/l. Energy consumption is 0.6 kWh/kg COD. Low energy consumption along with the production of biomethane ensures the operation of the reactor in the mode of power generation. For the conditions of Greenland a scheme of wastewater disinfection involving chemical coagulation and addition of peracetic acid, and/or ultraviolet irradiation was developed. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli is achieved with the combined use of ultraviolet radiation (2.1 kWh/m3) and peracetic acid. Preliminary coagulation is an essential prerequisite for the effective inactivation of microorganisms. In the United States a closed water treatment scheme based on the peroxone process with reuse of water for drinking purposes has been proposed for the city of Fairbanks (Alaska). The big advantage of the closed-loop scheme is 85% conservation of the water in the system while preserving the thermal energy obtained from different water heaters. As a result the purified warm water is returned to the consumer; while less energy is required for its additional heating. In addition, the mineralization of organic substances in the oxidation process ensures the achievement of 0.7 mg/l residual COD.
Key words
wastewater , water disinfection , water treatment , ultraviolet irradiation , water reuse , the Arctic Region , preliminary coagulation , peracetic acid , peroxone process , heat energy of water , anaerobic methanogenic process , microbial electrochemical process
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UDC 628.161.2:66.081
Chernyshev P. I., Kruchinina N. E., Panfilov V. A., Kuzin E. N.
The use of ATM-1 adsorbent-cationite in the processes
of removing metals from natural and waste water
Summary
The relevancy of the task of searching and obtaining new sorbents based on cheap and high production volume raw materials to be used in water and wastewater treatment is noted. The prospects of obtaining sorbent based on «Ogneupory» JSC refractory processing wastes – synthetic brucite is substantiated. The physical and chemical properties of ATM-1 mixed mineral product are given as well as the static and calculated dynamic capacitance of ATM-1 ion-exchange sorbent samples in relation to ions of some heavy metals – iron, copper, nickel, cadmium, chromium (VI), tungsten (VI). The results of the consolidated pilot studies of the material as filter media in the process of iron removal and demanganation of natural water are presented alongside with the results of the laboratory studies of plating waste treatment. The laboratory studies carried out under static conditions showed the efficiency of reducing the concentration of heavy metal concentrations in the samples of wash water of electroplating industry if treated with ATM-1 sorbent. It is assumed that the removal of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, manganese ions is caused by both ion exchange phenomena and chemisorption. The results of the undertaken studies speak for the high sorption capacitance of ATM-1 sorbent samples in relation to heavy metal ions. The use of brucite wastes is one of the methods of removing metal ions from water and wastewater. It is noted that obtaining commercial ATM-1 will help to solve the problem of refractory processing wastes utilization and reduce the cost of the product.
Key words
natural and waste water , ion exchange , heavy metals , water treatment , sorbent , brucite
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УДК 628.16.094.3:66.074.371
FESENKO L. N., Tcherkesov A. Yu., Ignatenko S. I., Shchukin S. A.
Purification of hydrogen sulfide containing natural water
by iron-catalytic oxidation in a reactor with unltrafiltration separation
Summary
Currently purification of hydrogen sulfide containing water has been still a bottleneck in water treatment and demands advanced high-efficient technologies, equipment and plants providing for solving at the same time drinking and environmental aspects. The technology based on iron-catalytic oxidation of sulfides in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and combined with membrane treatment is proposed as an advanced technology of hydrogen sulfide removal from natural water. The data on practical testing the proposed technology in a laboratory unit is presented. Subsequent to the results of the experimental studies the area of the developed technology application in purification of hydrogen sulfide containing natural water is substantiated. The absence of accompanying hydrogen sulfide emission from the reactor in the process of water purification and environmental safety has been noted. Based on the obtained results the technology is considered for today as possible and essential. Herewith further study with investigations directed at determining the optimal process parameters is needed.
Key words
natural water , water treatment , hydrogen sulfide , iron-catalytic oxidation of sulfides , membrane separation
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UDC 546.62:54-36+661.862.23
Mayorov D. V., Korovin V. N., Mikhailova O. B.
Preparation of aluminium hydroxychlorosulfates based on its sulfate salts
Summary
The results of studies on the synthesis of aluminum hydroxochlorosulfates based on active aluminum hydroxosulfate obtained by the method of low-temperature solid-phase synthesis using (NH4)2SO4∙Al2(SO4)3∙24H2O and gaseous NH3 as starting components are given. The process of interaction of aluminum hydroxosulfate with HCl solutions was studied. By the method of test coagulation it was established that the coagulation ability of aluminum hydroxochlorosulfate sample with a basicity of 2/3 is 10–15% higher compared to solutions of oxychloride and aluminum oxysulfate of the same basicity in the process of removing Cu2+ and Co2+ ions from water. At the same time its use provides for reducing the consumption of coagulant without impairing the efficiency of removing impurities from water. Besides it was shown that with the use of aluminum hydroxosulfate the sedimentation rate of flocs formed during the coagulation process is 5–10% higher compared to aluminum oxychloride and oxysulfate. This chemical can be used for the purification of both industrial and municipal wastewater.
Key words
water treatment , water treatment , ammonia alum , aluminum hydroxosulfate , hydrochloric acid , aluminium hydroxychlorosulfate
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UDC 628.16.094.3-926.214
Solntsev V. V., Shafit A. Ya., Romashkin A. V., Shouvalov V. I., Tarkhanova I. Yu.
The use of ozonation equipment for natural water treatment at the Far North
Summary
The results of many years developing, commissioning and maintaining water treatment plants with ozonation used for ferrous iron and manganese oxidation, elimination of both natural organics and organics of anthropogenic origin, showed the reliability and efficiency of Ozonia OZAT® ozone generators. Beginning from 2007 a number of plants with the use of ozonation equipment for northern surface (lake) water treatment have been commissioned. When designing and commissioning the plants the results of technological studies carried out were taken into consideration. It was found that the two-stage treatment technology with preliminary chemical clarification of water with the use of ozonation as a stage that ensured high quality of water was the most efficient.
Key words
potable water , oxidation , iron , manganese , ozone generator , water treatment , rotation camps
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UDC 628.168
Bobinkin V. V., Ershov A. G., Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Semin M. M., Shilov Mikhail
Commercial plant for removing chloroorganic compounds from underground water
Summary
The existing technology of removing chloroorganic compounds from underground water allowed designing a relatively simple and reliable flow scheme. Within the shortest possible time a commercial plant with a capacity of up to 250 m3/h (4000 m3/day) of water cleaned off volatile chloroorganic compounds at the «Zalineinyi» water intake in Podolsk city, Moscow Area, was designed. This allowed commissioning temporally abandoned water wells and improving the municipal water supply. At the first stage of reconstruction the process flow scheme of water treatment was upgraded with a system of enhanced aeration-air stripping of volatile chloroorganic compounds, a first lift pumping station, a mechanical filters block charged with granulated activated carbon. After purification the concentration of volatile chloroorganic compounds in water was lower then the regulatory requirements. The second reconstruction stage envisages commissioning a reverse osmosis plant to eliminate water hardness to the optimal level.
Key words
potable water , ground water , water treatment , activated carbon , volatile chlororganic compounds , aeration-air stripping
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