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UDC 628.161
Govorova Zh. M., Govorov O. B.
Water treatment facilities, units and technologies with floating polymer bed (design and introduction experience)
Summary
The principal stages of designing water treatment facilities and units with granules of expanded crushed and uncrushed polysterene with the density less than the water density used as filtering bed are presented. The theoretical concepts and distinguishing features of water clarification process in a styrofoam layer are considered. The history of water clarification process in styrofoam layers at the specific structure of the granulated layer depends primarily on the quality of incoming water, filtration rate and surface properties of the bed. The dominant parameters of the surface water quality in this case are as follows: dispersiveness and suspended matter concentration, kinetic stability of its colloid particles. During filtration of effluents after biochemical treatment in addition to the above-mentioned parameters the microbial life-sustaining activities play an important role. The process parameters of various filters with floating bed (FPZ-1, …, FPZ-6, AFPZ-4М) and bioreactors with jet vacuum ejection are quoted. The positive experience of the introduction and operation of these facilities as part of water intake and purification complexes, natural water treatment plants, underground water conditioning plants and domestic, industrial and storm wastewater tertiary treatment plants is considered. Lately the increase of anthropogenic impact on the water sources have raised the demand for carrying out process experimental studies with real water of different water purification processes including filtration in filters with floating polymer bed at large-scale pilot plants. Based on the obtained results of the studies of water purification processes the recommendations for designing a water intake and purification complex were developed and implemented during its construction.
Key words
filter , deferrization , natural and waste water , aftertreatment , floating polymer bed , clarification of low-concentrated suspensions
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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711
Govorova Zh. M., Govorov O. B.
Studies and experience of introducing the technology of ground water de-ironing and softening in the Moscow Area
Summary
The analysis of physical and chemical parameters of ground water quality from the wells of water intake facilities No. 4 and 5 in Zhukovskii town, Moscow Area, was carried out. Based on the results the priority pollutants – iron compounds, hardness salts, dissolved gases (carbon dioxide and hydrogen suphide) were identified. The technology of ground water conditioning with the use of bioreactors with jet vacuum ejection, subsequent filtration in moving bed filters and chemical water softening in a vortex reactor was substantiated. Under the conditions of an operating water intake field trials were carried out in a plant that comprised the models of bioreactor, degasifier, moving bed filter and vortex reactor. The process parameters of the main facilities operation that ensured the sustainable standard quality of the water after purification were specified. It was found that after bioreactor and filter charging water de-ironing alongside with the removal of dissolved gases was taking place. The efficiency of purification at the first stage is 88.9%, after filtration the concentration of iron in water does not exceed 0.3 mg/l. The required dosage (3.4 mg-eq/l) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (4%) that ensured the required level of preliminary de-ironed water softening were determined. The data on the implementation of the efficient technology of ground water conditioning at design stage and at the stage of reconstruction and upgrade of water pumping station No. 5 in Zhukovskii town are set.
Key words
filter , deferrization , aeration , bioreactor , ground water , degasification , softening , floating media , field trials , conditioning , jet vacuum ejection
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UDC 628.162.84.004.1
Sivolov G. E., Karmalov A. I., Medrish G. L., Piskov M. V., Panchuk S. A., Zorin A. P.
Experience in Operation and Enhancement of Water Disinfection System with the Use of Sodium Hypochlorite
Summary
Over ten years ago at the water treatment facilities of the city of Seversk the operation of the disinfection system with the use of liquid chlorine was converted to the use of sodium hypochlorite. At present the modernization of equipment due to the application of aerohydrodynamic mixers was made, the processes of mixing the reagent with water being treated were intensified, the operation of reagent facilities was completely automated including the dosing of sodium hypochlorite proportional to water flowrate.
Key words
disinfection , filter , sodium hypochlorite , water treatment , computerization , aerohydrodynamic mixer
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UDC 628.11.004.69
TESLA V. G.
Reconstruction of Water Wells in Countryside
Summary
Measures concerning the reconstruction of standing idle and operating wells of agricultural water supply are considered. These measures include the restoration of wells capacity using the reagent methods, redistribution of a water inflow to a filter for spare intervals with the help of special devices, liquidation of sanding up installing the additional polyvinyl chloride edge filter. Recommendations are oriented, in the first place, to wells capturing friable, water containing deposits.
Key words:
reconstruction , filter , ground water , water well , restoration of capacity , sanding up , yield
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UDC 628.112.24:622.279.5.001.42
Ivashechkin V. V., Medvedeva Iu. A.
Improving the methods of inspecting and repairing sanding water abstraction wells
Summary
The issues of improving the methods of fault detection, repair of filters and casing of sanding water abstraction wells are considered. The designed instrument is described that has been developed for detecting places of water abstraction well sanding and consists of the control block and water turbidity indicator. In the process of inspection the instrument is moving along the filter during water pumping out of the well. The instrument has successfully passed laboratory and field tests. To simplify the inspection of sanding wells a special device is described that includes a submerged pumping unit and the instrument for detecting sanding places. The design of the device for plugging a damaged section of casing or filter of the water abstraction well is proposed that includes a container for cement mortar with a force opened valve and permanent shuttering. The advantage of this method is in low cost and relatively simple repair work. Some reduction of the filter capacity and well yield can be attributed to disadvantages.
Key words
filtration , water supply , filter , water intake , sanding up , well , turbidity indicator
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UDC 628.35:661.635
Ambrosova G. T., Funk A. A., Ivanova Sargylana Dmitrievna, Ganzorig Shonkhor
Comparative evaluation of the methods of phosphorus removal from wastewater
Summary
The evaluation of the methods of eliminating phosphorus, a most important nutrient that is a limiting element in water body eutrophication, from wastewater is presented. Biological, physical, chemical and combined methods are considered that differ from each other in the method of implementation, construction and operating expenditures. The biological method is based on phosphorus removal through its utilization in biomass synthesis in the biological system. Physical and chemical methods suppose mandatory application of chemicals used for free phosphate-ion binding to low soluble ortho-phosphate. Combined methods suppose dephosphorization at the biological treatment stage with subsequent inclusion of phosphate-ions into crystals at the physical and chemical treatment stage. The examples of practical implementation of the methods are presented; process flow schemes are considered; the process parameters of the treatment facilities are pointed out where the process of phosphorus removal is taking place; the data on the process efficiency is provided; the advantages and drawbacks of the applied methods are reported. The experience of adjustment works is described together with the results of experimental selection of chemicals for phosphorus binding and determination of the optimal point of their addition carried out by the authors in the laboratory, during pilot and full-scale studies.
Key words
filter , nitrification , bioreactor , reagent , aeration tank , denitrification , nutrient , wastewater , crystal , dephosphorization , effluent polishing , sludge growth
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