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UDC 628.14:62-531.3

Galiullin M. F., Rodin N. V., Bychkov D. A., Gerasimov D. S.

Automation of water supply in the Tumen distribution network

Summary

In 2016 the system of automated control of the second-lift water pumping stations of the Metelevskii and Velizhanskii water intakes was put into industrial operation. For the first time the functions of maintaining the standard operating pressure and supply of the required water amount from the second-lift pumping stations to the municipal water distribution network were automated. Introducing the complex of controlling the operation of the second-lift pumping stations on the basis of the data on the pressure in the dictating points of the network in real time mode provided for qualitatively improving the operation efficiency of the distribution network. The introduction of the automated process control system in the water supply allowed reducing pressure fluctuation in the municipal distribution network. The result was the reduction of the failure rate. Automatic maintaining the operation mode of the municipal distribution network provided for eliminating the excess pressure at the pumping stations that were unavoidable in the manual control mode. According to the expert estimates the potential of pressure reduction in the collection pipelines of the second-lift pumping stations of the Metelevskii and Velizhanskii water intakes is 10–15%. The reduction of the energy consumption with the use of a variable speed drive will be equal to the pressure reduction.

Key words

water intake , pumping station , frequency-regulated electric drive , pressure monitoring , dictating points , water supply system optimization

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UDC 628.16.027:628.543

Egorova Yu. A., Kichigin V. I., Nesterenko O. I.

Study of the chemical and physical composition of raw water  at the pumping-filtration stations of Samara

Summary

The results of the study of physical, chemical and bacteriological composition of the raw water at the pumping-filtration stations in Samara for the period of 2011–2015 are presented. The limits of water quality variation by 53 indicators were determined. It was proved that the actual BOD/COD ratios were significantly lower compared to the critical value 0.5, i. e. the incoming raw water at the pumping-filtration stations in Samara contained mainly resistant to oxidation inorganic matter requiring physical and chemical treatment. It was shown that the microbiological quality of the incoming raw water at PFS-1 was worse compared to the raw water quality at PFS-2. The statistically reliable values of the physical and chemical indicators of the raw water at the water intakes in Samara were determined that provided for establishing an automated data base in «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy» LLC for predicting the required modes of drinking water purification.

Key words

water intake , reagent , pumping station , raw water , water quality prediction

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UDC 628.1.033

Artemenok N. D., Nikitin A. M.

Certain Issues of Safety of Potable Water Supply

SUMMARY

Issues of the safety of potable water supply for population using the surface and ground water are considered. Draft Federal Laws On Potable Water and Potable Water Supply and On Safety of Water Supply give preference to ground water and if a surface source is used it is recommended to organize an additional, reserve water intake of ground water in case of emergency situations. In perspective, a part of ground water used for water supply will reach 50% all over the country. But in many cities having the reserve water sources the problems concerning the influence of changeable water quality on human health are not solved.

Key words

potable water , surface water source , water intake , ground water , pumping-filtration station , redundancy of water sources

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.11.03
UDC 626.88

Shul’gin Vladimir, Nabokov Sergei

Best practice of using air-bubble curtains as part of complex fish protection structures

Summary

The results of studying the operation of complex fish protection structures with the use of air-bubble curtains are presented. A description of the operating mechanism of complex fish protection structures and the principle of operation of the air-bubble curtain is given. On the basis of a hydraulic calculation, a method for designing and using an air-bubble curtain as part of complex fish protection structures has been developed. The results of estimating the functional efficiency of the built complex fish protection structures are presented. The complex fish protection structures that include debris deflectors and air-bubble curtains and operate in an air-lift mode, effectively protect fish fry. Provided the operating parameters of the equipment and the selected alignment of the structures with account of the hydraulic and technical features of the water intake have been correctly chosen, their efficiency is guaranteed to exceed the standard values.

Key words

water intake , complex fish protection structure , fish fry , floating debris deflector , perforated pipeline , vertical fish diverting stream lines , air-lift water-air flow , air-bubble curtain

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UDC 628.112.23

Kamenetsky A. B., Kurianov V. A., Tushina V. F., Semenova I. V., Mal’tseva E. I.

The evaluation of exploitable potential and quality of the underground
water used by «Zelenogradvodokanal» Operations Department

Summary

The results of studying the regimes of underground water levels and water abstraction from the service carbonaceous aquifers are presented. Beginning from 2003 the Kasimovskii and Podol’sko-Miachkovskii complexes have been exploited under pressure-gravity conditions; whereas the Aleksinsko-Protvinskii complex – under pressure conditions. Reappraisal of the exploitable underground water potential on the territory under consideration was carried out with mathematical model approach using software package. The analysis of the long-term studies showed that at present the water table is not changing along with the marked decline of the underground water level in the service aquifers. In the wells completed in different aquifer systems the change of the underground water level of the next to the surface aquifer system in the sections with jurassic aquitard clays in their geologic profile does not depend on carbonaceous system level behavior (therefore, on water abstraction). In case the next to the surface aquifer lies directly on a carbon aquifer system the exploitation of the latter can affect the underground water level. However, under the circumstances the natural depth of occurrence of the next to the surface aquifer system is usually more than 3–5 meters; therefore, any further level decrease does not have any negative consequences for vegetation. The analysis of artesian water quality for the period from 1981 to 2012 for 18 organoleptic and composite indices, and three microbiological parameters is presented. The comparative analysis of artesian water quality of three aquifers is given alongside with the composition consistency of aquifer systems. The concentration of the elements typical for aquifers is presented.

Key words

water intake , monitoring , sanitary protection zone , artesian water quality , aquifer system , underground water storage , bacteriological and chemical pollution

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UDC 628.11:504.064

KINEBAS A. K., NEFEDOVA E. D., Gvozdev V. A., Kholodkevich S. V., Ivanov A. V., Kourakin A. S., Kornienko E. L.

Improving efficiency and reliability of bioelectronical systems of industrial biological water quality monitoring stations

Summary

Saint-Petersburg Vodokanal MPE developed in 2005 a system of ensuring chemical safety of the water supply system in case of detecting toxic substances. The system is designed on the basis of industrial biological water quality monitoring stations. In 2010 both software and hardware of the industrial biological water quality monitoring station were upgraded to improve the system detectability and reliability. The developed innovation project is unique from sci-tech point of view as well as because it ensures reliable day-and-night data on the current state of the intake facilities of the water treatment plants.

Key words

water intake , water quality , water supply plant , biological monitoring , variational pulsometry , reactors , stress-index , biosensor , biomarker

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UDC 628.192:556.388

ALEKSEEV V. S.

Estimating the extent and compensation of damage in case of underground water pollution

Summary

The description of underground water quality reclamation concept is presented that involves pumping out and treatment of polluted water either on the surface or directly in place. The issues of the damage compensation to the water users in case of a negative impact on water intakes and water bodies are considered. The estimation of the underground water quality reclamation on the basis of the pilot studies results is given. The procedure can be used in domestic practice for the estimation of the pollution damage and compensatory payments.

Key words

water intake , ground water , wastewater discharge , environmental damage , sanitation-and-epidemiological safety

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.11.03
UDC 628.147.1:63

Opryshko B. A., Shvetsov V. A., Belova Ekaterina

Improving the method of monitoring groundwater levels in production wells of the Kamchatka Territory

Summary

In accordance with the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, as well as with the Rules for the technical operation of public water supply and sanitation systems and facilities, workers of water utilities must control the static and working groundwater levels in operating water production wells. However, in practice, this control is not actually performed. The main reason is the lack of advanced measuring instruments at the enterprises, as well as specialists who could control the operation of the well. The purpose of the study is to justify the need of using advanced automated means of measuring the level of groundwater at water supply and sanitation facilities. The modes of changing the static and working groundwater levels in the water production wells of the Kamchatka Territory are studied. The research results showed that monitoring shall be carried out with automated devices that will provide for reducing the work labor input and transportation costs as well as for increasing the reliability of the measurement results.

Key words

water intake , water production well , water level recovery in a water well , static and working groundwater levels , self-contained device for measuring ground water levels

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UDC 628.112.24:622.279.5.001.42

Ivashechkin V. V., Medvedeva Iu. A.

Improving the methods of inspecting and repairing sanding water abstraction wells

Summary

The issues of improving the methods of fault detection, repair of filters and casing of sanding water abstraction wells are considered. The designed instrument is described that has been developed for detecting places of water abstraction well sanding and consists of the control block and water turbidity indicator. In the process of inspection the instrument is moving along the filter during water pumping out of the well. The instrument has successfully passed laboratory and field tests. To simplify the inspection of sanding wells a special device is described that includes a submerged pumping unit and the instrument for detecting sanding places. The design of the device for plugging a damaged section of casing or filter of the water abstraction well is proposed that includes a container for cement mortar with a force opened valve and permanent shuttering. The advantage of this method is in low cost and relatively simple repair work. Some reduction of the filter capacity and well yield can be attributed to disadvantages.

Key words

filtration , water supply , filter , water intake , sanding up , well , turbidity indicator

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UDC 628.1.033

Chupin V. R.

The current state and problems of the public water supply system of the city of Irkutsk and Irkutsk Area

Summary

Supplying the population with high quality drinking water has been a high-priority task of the urban land development. Lake Baikal and the Angara River, its effluent, supply most of the Irkutsk Area population with drinking water. The pure drinkable water of Baikal that the Angara is carrying is as such only upstream of Irkutsk. Onwards it turns into the holding pond of industrial and domestic wastewater. Downstream Irkutsk the Angara water cannot be used for drinking water supply without organics, heavy metals and oil products removal. Using the example of establi­shing the public water supply system of the Irkutsk Area the aspects of supplying water from the open surface water sources were studied. It is shown that the water use under the conditions of the regulated surface water sources with significant water level fluctuations demands constructing combined water intakes of special design – shore, channel, infiltration and pontoon. The sources with low-mineralized water shall be used in combination with mineralized underground water. The need of developing group water supply systems with the use of protected underground water sources or large-scale surface fresh water sources is shown.

Key words

potable water , surface water source , water intake , ground water , centralized water supply system , water level in a water reservoir

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UDC 628.162.52.001.2

Raff P. A., Seliukov Aleksandr, Baikova Ida

Technology of Contact Clarification of Water under Conditions of the Volga Water Intake of the City of Kazan

Summary

The results of laboratory studies and pilot tests of the contact coagulation method used to clean the water of the Volga at the water supply station of Kazan are presented. It is established that water clarification can be performed by a one-stage scheme: by means of contact coagulation, and in the process the quality of the purified water fully meets the regulatory requirements. Some advantage of aluminium oxychloride over aluminium sulphate is noted, and it is shown, that for natural water treatment the polyacrylamide flocculants of cationic type, FO 4140 characterised by low density of charge in particular, are the most effective.

Key words

disinfection , water intake , water treatment , coagulant , flocculant , contact clarification

DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.05.02
UDC 628.16

Dobrynina Natal’ia, Karkanitsa Ol’ga

Control of the technological processes at the water intakes
of Novokuznetsk

Summary

In recent years, a set of measures has been implemented at the operating water intakes of the city of Novokuznetsk using advanced equipment and technologies that have provided for improving the integrity and efficiency of the water supply system. It was noted that in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the water treatment facilities, continuous improving the technology of water purification is required. The most acceptable and economical solution to this problem is carrying out research works at the technological lab of the Dragun water supply facilities. The filtration properties of materials (expanded clay, burned rocks, albitophyre, quartzite, etc.) were studied that resulted in choosing the type of filter material and determining its optimal grain particle size for loading filters at the water treatment facilities. The most effective chemicals for water purification from the local water source, the Tom River, were identified. These are aluminum oxychloride coagulant and cationic flocculants. The introduction of a comprehensive process automation system provided for the control of the technical condition of the equipment and its process parameters, as well as for the data acquisition, processing and storage.

Key words

water intake , water treatment station , chemicals , water treatment technology , comprehensive automation , electronic process database

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UDC 628.166.085

Volkov Sergei, Parilov P. S., Tkachev Andrei

UV-disinfection in drinking water treatment as a key element  of protection from water-borne infection

Summary

Various aspects of using different disinfection methods in drinking water treatment are considered. A short list of the most common water pathogens and their basic properties in relation to the use of disinfection with different chlorine-containing chemicals is presented. The necessity of using combined disinfection methods because of the insufficient efficiency of chlorination in relation to some chlorine resistant forms of microorganisms and protozoa is indicated. The international experience of introducing comprehensive schemes of chemical and chemical-free disinfection is considered; the domestic experience in this area is shown. By the example of assessing the morbidity rate of St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod population the efficiency of combining traditional chlorination and other chemical methods of water treatment with subsequent UV-disinfection has been analyzed. It was found that combining several disinfection methods (as a rule, chlorination or chlorammoniation with UV-irradiation) provides for the significant decrease of infectious hepatitis and enteroviral infection case rate. The use of UV-disinfection in combination with other chemical methods provides for solving the problem of chlorination byproducts generation and at the same time ensuring a reliable barrier against chlorine resistant water borne pathogens. In addition the sanitation and epidemiologic safety of the population are significantly improved which is of primary importance in big cities with water sources being under high human-induced impact.

Key words

water intake , efficiency of well operation , well frameless slotted filter , hydrodynamic and hydraulic evaluation , filter permeability

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UDC 628.1.033:504.06

Makhinov A. N., Litvinchouk А. А.

Environmental priorities in providing water supply of Khabarovsk

Summary

Far-reaching activities on the water supply reorientation from the surface to ground sources in Khabarovsk are reported. For this purpose a water intake, water treatment facilities, pumping stations and water mains for Tungus deposit water abstraction and transportation are being constructed. The analysis of the available data shows an insignificant environmental impact of the given business activities. The construction of a ground water intake structure will not affect significantly the local flora and fauna. Here and there facilities will be provided for the formation of anthropogenically modified landscapes with improved environmental quality for the further exploitation of the natural resources on the adjacent territory.

Key words

treatment facilities , water intake , ground water , water use , water resources , the level of anthropogenic impact

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UDC 628.112.24:69.003.13

Fisenko V. N.

Energy saving in operating deep wells for underground water abstraction

Summary

The share of energy costs in the operating expenditures structure reaches 85%. Taking into consideration the requirements to the reduction of СО2 emissions into the atmosphere as well as the necessity of reducing the costs and water tariffs, energy saving is the priority task for the housing and utility enterprises, industrial, agricultural companies and water and wastewater services providers that are operating deep wells. Different options of installing water lifting equipment in deep wells are considered. The energy efficiency comparison was made on the basis of the software designed by Wilo Company (Germany), pump manufacturer. The specific features of hydraulic calculations of the combined operation of the pump and the well are considered. The data on the structural concepts for deep wells that provide for saving energy spent directly on underground water lifting is set. The economic and financial mechanism of inducing the measures to reduce the energy consumption by water and wastewater services providers on the basis of the conditions of their foreign investment self-sufficiency development is illustrated.

Key words

water intake , ground water , power saving , hydraulic design , submersible pump , well , lift pipes