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Number 7 / 2010
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UDC 504.06:628.5
Ponomareva L. S.
Economic Mechanism of Water Protection from Pollution (Part 3). For What Penalize with Rouble?
Summary
See part 1, 2: № 4, 2010, с. 3; № 6, 2010, с. 8
Some features of the application of documents concerning the payment for water pollution and harm caused by pollution and connected with setting and determination of a payment base according to substances and pollution indexes are considered. Imperfections of normative-methodic documents which make it impossible to use them observing the principles of justice and validity are considered.
Key words
polluting substance , standard of allowable discharge , discharge limit , natural features of natural water composition , evidential base , water objects pollution , caused harm , judicial perspectives
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UDC 628.22:532.542
Chupin V. R., Melekhov E. S., Chupin R. V.
Pressure Movement of Flows in Gravity Manifolds
Summary
A new approach to the design of water disposal systems based on their simulation with hydraulic chains with unrecorded withdrawals and inflows of runoffs is offered. It makes it possible, on one hand, to determine the presence of counterflows in the network, possible effusions of flows on the ground surface, volumes of runoffs running out, carrying capacity of a water disposal system and, on the other hand, to simulate various conditions of flow transportation with due regard for possible cloggings, encrustation of pipes and other violations which can occur during the operation.
Key words
wastewater , head , water disposal system , collector , hydraulic design , well , simulation
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UDC 628.162:62-278
Pervov A. G., Efremov R. V.
The Use of Nanofiltration Membrane OPMN-K for Production of Potable Water and Calculation of Operation Characteristics
Summary
Recommendation on the use of nanofiltration membranes OPMN-K manufactured by the Vladipor OJSC for natural water treatment and production of potable water of high quality are presented. It is shown that at the high efficiency of removal of iron, hardness, fluorine and ammonium ions from water the OPMN membranes are exposed considerably less to the danger of generation of calcium carbonate cake on them than the low pressure reverse osmosis membranes. Depending on quality of influent water and types of membranes these recommendations make it possible to determine the reagent consumptions for operation of plants. Calculations presented show that the use of OPMN-K membranes instead of reverse osmosis membranes ESPA makes it possible to reduce significantly expenditures for operation of the ground water treatment unit.
Key words
nanofiltration membrane , inhibitor , selectivity , operation expenditures , reverse osmosis unit
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UDC 628.16.081
IVKIN P. A., LATISHEV N. S.
Improvement of Treatment Technique of High Colour and Low Turbidity Water
Summary
Humic substances are governing natural pollutants of high color and middle color river water. NII VODGEO has conducted the studies of effects of non-organic and organic coagulants in combination with high molecular flocculants. In the course of studies the efficiency of water treatment with aluminium oxychloride and Polysept has been compared. To improve efficiency of treatment flocculants Praestol have been used. Molecular-mass distribution of humic acids in influent water and water treated with reagents has been investigated. Results of the experiments with natural water have been confirmed with the use of model solutions prepared on the basis of sodium humate and also humic substances extracted from soil, turf and river water.
Key words
coagulant , flocculant , reagent treatment , high color water , humic acids , fulvic acids , molecular-mass distribution , aluminum oxychloride , organic coagulant Polysept
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UDC 543.39
Bogatyreva I. A., Artemova T. Z.
Accelerated Method of Control of Membrane Filters for Bacteriological Analysis of Water
Summary
An accelerated algorithm of control over membrane filters used for rating of water quality according to microbacteriological characteristics has been developed. A preliminary stage of rearing of model microorganisms is excluded from the accelerated method. The control is exercised over two strains of model microorganisms differing in size and shape of cells. The developed algorithm is also used for rating of quality of track membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate. In the process, the percentage of removal of model microorganisms with track membrane is over 80% and meets the requirements of the International standard ISO 7704-85.
Key words
microbiology , water quality , control , membrane filter , microorganisms , analysis
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UDC 628.336.57:628.162.52
Butko D. A., Lysov V. A.
Determination of Rheological Properties of Water Supply Sediments in Facilities Directly
Summary
Design of an instrument and a method of calculation for the determination of rhelogical properties of sediments directly in settling facilities are presented. Regularities of the change of sediment resistance to displacement depending on the depth of its position and distance from the beginning of a settling tank are revealed.
Key words
treatment facilities , sedimentation tank , sludge , resistance of sediment to displacement
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UDC 628.17.08:681.121
Lurie M. S., Lurie O. M.
Assessment of a Random Error of Vortex Flow Meters in the Course of Their Operation
Summary
Methods of the assessment of a random error of vortex flow meters and water meters in the course of their operation are considered. This methodology is based on the statistical treatment of measurements of instantaneous values of vortex formation of the flow meter placed in the working pipeline. The scheme of connection of the vortex flow meter implemented in the submerged variant reducing the cost considerably and making it possible to use these instruments for measurement of a flow rate in large diameter pipelines and open canals is presented.
Key words
water meter , flow meter , pipeline , measurement error , methods of error assessment
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