UDC 628.21:628.52
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.09.03
Svitskov S. V., Lobanov Fedor, Rublevskaya O. N., Klokov Aleksandr, Malykh Ol’ga
Current methods of odor control in accordance with Amendment No. 2 of CP 32.13330.2018
Summary
In connection with the increasing demands of the environmental health, the issue of eliminating unpleasant odors holds a specific place. This problem is especially relevant for wastewater facilities; accordingly, it is reflected in the new editions of sectorial regulations and reference books. The main recommendations of Code of Practice 32.13330.2018 regarding the measurement, control and elimination of odor from organized and unorganized odor sources at wastewater disposal and treatment facilities are highlighted. The practical experience of applying the technologies specified in the CP 32.13330.2018 is described.
Key words
odor , reeking substances , water supply-sewerage services , adsorption , olfactometry , deodorizing chemicals
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UDC 628.237.2:628.521
Tcherkesov A. Yu., Shchukin S. A., Israilov R.
Study of removing hydrogen sulfide from ventilation
and sewage gas-air emissions by absorption cleaning
Summary
The results of studying the removal of hydrogen sulfide from ventilation and sewage gas-air emissions by absorption cleaning on a packing irrigated with sodium hypochlorite are presented. The studies were carried out in a laboratory setup. The subject of research was artificially prepared gas mixture of air and hydrogen sulfide obtained by dosing hydrogen sulfide solution into acidic solution (gas generator). Variation of the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the air was achieved by changing the feed from a hydrogen sulfide-containing solution dispenser. The laboratory setup included an absorber with a volumetric packing made on the model of Raschig rings. Chlorine-containing 0.3% sodium chloride solution was used as the absorption solution. The regeneration of active chlorine (reduced by hydrogen sulfide to chlorides) in the absorbent was carried out by direct electrolysis in a flow-through electrolyzer installed in the line supplying the absorbent to the absorber. The actual dose of active chlorine for the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide absorbed by the absorbent was determined. The main dependences describing the chemisorption of hydrogen sulfide and the electrochemical regeneration of sodium hypochlorite in the absorbent are presented. A method for calculating the absorber of the laboratory setup is presented. Specific electricity consumption for removing hydrogen sulfide from air was determined. In the follow-up studies the obtained results will provide for calculating the costs of air purification, estimating the operating costs and conducting an engineering and economical comparison of the proposed and competing methods of removing malodorous substances from ventilation emissions from sewer facilities. The presented method can be recommended in the schemes for cleaning ventilation emissions at the wastewater treatment facilities.
Key words
sodium hypochlorite , reeking substances , hydrogen sulfide , absorption , cleaning of ventilation emissions
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UDC 628.31.504.3.054
Rublevskaya O. N.
Measures on preventing malodors release at the facilities
of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»
Summary
SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» has been introducing and testing different equipment for gas purification with the aim of preventing malodors release at the wastewater facilities. The experience of applying gas purification technologies at these facilities is analyzed. It was determined that the specified features of STOPKR sorption-plasma-catalytic gas purification unit and OPVS biological air oxidizing unit are efficiently used at the sewage pumping stations. The economic inexpedience of using STOPKR method at input concentrations of toxic substances higher than 1 g/m3 is a disadvantage. Testing OPVS filter in sewers showed positive results. The disadvantages of OPVS filter are in clogging of filter elements during operation as well as difficulties in processing multicomponent gas mixtures and mixtures of variable composition because of the specificity of the resulting microbial strains. The results of pilot testing TSUF-2000-400-I gas purification system showed the absence of malodors around sewer wells and convenient operation of the unit. The use of different filters including GreenKomplekt carbon filter-based units did not give any meaningful results. To control odor at the wastewater sludge landfills fine spraying of deodorant solution along the periphery of the landfill was suggested. At the sludge incineration plants exhaust gases pass three-stage purification with the use of electrostatic precipitation. At the wastewater treatment facilities the construction of either entire process flow or partially closed system was suggested. The prospects if introducing various technical and technological methods at each of the wastewater facilities are determined.
Key words
reeking substances , sludge , pumping station , sludge incineration plant , treatment facilities , sorption-plasma-catalytic unit , biological air oxidizing unit , landfill
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.04
UDC 628.52
Kuz’min Valentin, Klokov Aleksandr, Dzhikirba Beslan
The experience of operating the systems for removing malodorous substances at the wastewater disposal facilities
Summary
To prevent the unpleasant odors spreading from the wastewater disposal system SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» is carrying out continuous studies and tests, and introduces various technologies, equipment and materials to reduce the concentration of malodorous substances entering the atmosphere through the ventilation system. Herewith, the main technologies used are as follows: adsorption, biofiltration, electrodischarge (plasma-catalytic) methods and the combined use of electrodischarge and sorption methods. As part of the work carried out over the past 10 years, an analysis of the operational and economic aspects was executed, as well as the effectiveness of the implemented technologies for the removal of malodorous substances at the facilities operated by the State Unitary Enterprise «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» was studied. To select the most effective technologies and equipment, a scoring analysis method was developed.
Key words
reeking substances , sorption treatment , operation experience , air cleaning technology , plasma-catalytic purification
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UDC 628.31.504.3.054
Kaszuk Brice, Lobanov Fedor
The main trends in the use of deodorization to control malodorous substances
Summary
Elimination of odors caused by malodorous substances at the wastewater treatment facilities is provided with the use of oxygen-containing organic substances by interaction in the air between molecules of sulfur or nitrogen compounds (with sour or fishy smell) and molecules of oxygen-containing substances. Depending upon the composition of malodorous air which contains usually up to 5–8 different compounds (hydrogen sulfide and mercapto compounds; ammonia and various amines) different combinations of aldehydes and ketones are selected. The use of various combinations of odor-blockers provides for the optimal air deodorization results. Deodorant compounds can be used only if the concentration of malodorous substances is lower than maximum permissible limits for atmospheric air. The statistic and dynamic methods of oxygen-containing organic substance molecules distribution in the air are presented. The recommendations on the use of deodorants for odor control at different public utilities (wastewater sludge mechanical dewatering facilities, pumping stations, sewers, settling tanks, ventilating systems) are given.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , reeking substances , sludge , shaft and shaft well , deodorization
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UDC 628.2:677.027.623.71
Svitskov S. V., Danilovich Dmitrii, Azarov V. N.
Wastewater treatment facilities as a source of malodors: causes, characteristics and methods of control
Summary
Odor nuisance is a typical problem of many wastewater treatment facilities. Up to the present moment this problem in Russia was solved exclusively by establishing sanitary protection zones. Malodor buildup is caused by emission of reduced compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and some other organic compounds. For the last year the guidelines for determining malodors (GOST-R was adopted) and the methods of eliminating emissions from public wastewater treatment facilities were for the first time included into the national regulations (the relative section was included into the technical information handbook on best available technologies ITS 10-2015). The information on the methods of measuring odor at the water wastewater treatment facilities is presented. The data on odor release from all the main open process wastewater and sludge treatment units is stated. The classification of these units (four groups) by the extent of odor release is presented. The factors that influence the odor strength are given. The main methods used for elimination of malodors from wastewater facilities are described. Meeting the requirements for cleaning gas emissions and eliminating odors can be ensured with the help of adsorption treatment and reaction-active substances spray-up across the area of emission sources.
Key words
reeking substances , odor nuisance , odor unit , olfactometer , gas emission cleaning , air filtration , PureAir adsorber , «Wet barrier» technology
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UDC 628.316.7:628.336.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.04.02
Svitskov S. V., Бикетов А. В., Zhunev Oleg
Control of deposit site malodors: «Wet Barrier» technology
Summary
The issue of malodors control is relevant for wastewater treatment facilities. Information is provided on the use of «Wet Barrier» technology to control malodor from large area sources, such as sludge beds, sludge lagoons, deposition sites and others. The «Wet Barrier» technology for neutralizing malodors has become widespread in Russia. The use of this technology is provided for by BAT 15b of «Wastewater treatment with the use of public wastewater disposal systems of communities, urban districts». Information and technical reference book of the best available technologies ITS-2019 and CP 32.13330.2018 «SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures» (with Amendments No. 1, 2). Novosibirsk Vodokanal monitors the effectiveness of the technology in order to select optimal operating modes using the olfactometry method in accordance with GOST R 58578-2019.
Key words
odor , reeking substances , water supply-sewerage services , olfactometry , deodorizing chemicals
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