DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.07
UDC 628.292
Razakov M. A.
Study of the thermal stress of the engine room of a municipal wastewater pumping station
Summary
The results of a study of the thermal stress of the engine room of a municipal wastewater pumping station in the cold period are presented. The main sources of heat and cold and their degree of impact on the thermal stress of the engine room are considered. The results of modeling heat inputs into the engine room from various heat sources located at the different functional levels of the room are presented. The thermal model takes into account the specific features of the technological process of a high-voltage wastewater pumping station, as well as space-planning solutions for the building under consideration in stationary thermal conditions. The calculation was carried out at a constant wastewater temperature assumed equal +25°C. For the first time, it was determined and proved that the machine room of a high-voltage wastewater pumping station can be classified as a room with high thermal stress.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , designing , water disposal system , engine room , thermal stress , modeling heat inputs
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UDC 628.2/.3:93/94
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.11.01
Biriukov V. V., Egorova Yu. A., Strelkova T. A., Nesterenko O. I., Markina Marianna, Gavrilova Svetlana
History of the establishment and development of the sewer system of the city district of Samara
Summary
The history of establishing and developing the municipal sewer system in the city of Samara in the 19th century is presented. Following the construction of a public water supply system in 1886, a need for a public sewer system in Samara also arose; however, the City Council had been a long while considering the possibility of its construction due to the lack of finance for the construction of expensive structures. In 1906, the owner of the Zhigulevskii brewery, Alfred Filippovich Vakano, financed project drafting and held negotiations with V. G. Lindley, German engineer, who had extensive experience in the construction of sewer structures in Europe. In 1909, the City Council approved the Lindley’s project in full. By October 1909, a test section of the sewer system, four miles long, was built, and then the construction of the sewer system covered the entire city center. Commissioning of the municipal sewer network significantly improved the sanitary condition of Samara. The further development took place in the post-war years, and in the late 1960s the construction of the largest sewer complex in the country was launched in Samara (at that time the city of Kuibyshev). In 1974, the municipal wastewater treatment facilities were commissioned. In 2013, the specialists of Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy, LLC initiated the first reconstruction of the treatment facilities since they needed not just repairs, but a major upgrade. Following the first stage of the reconstruction, the treatment facilities modernization project was included in the Federal Project «The Volga Rehabilitation». Nowadays, the municipal wastewater treatment facilities are a safe and comfortable production environment.
Key words
reconstruction , water disposal system , construction , sewer , municipal wastewater treatment facilities , history of establishing the Samara sewer system , wastewater treatment plant , production standards , safety of the production processes
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UDC 628.218
Doskina E. P., Moskvicheva A. V., Moskvicheva E. V.
On the application of permissible pollution limit values for effluents discharged into the wastewater disposal system of Volgograd
Summary
The RF legislation in force regulates the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged to the sewers and municipal and communal treatment facilities. For many communities compliance with the calculated values of the permissible concentrations turned to be technically unachievable. The standards in force in Volgograd for effluent pollution concentrations discharged by the users into the municipal sewer were calculated for all the users except the residential sector. This resulted in establishing unreasonably stringent limits to certain pollutants. In order to comply with these requirements every industrial user would have to build separate local treatment facilities which in its turn eliminate the need in the municipal treatment facilities. The analysis of the limit values of pollutants discharged into the Volgograd wastewater disposal system from 1997 to 2011 was carried out. The limit values adopted in 2011 and in force at present have been too low compared to the actual quality of domestic sewage; this can produce a disturbing effect on the performance of the biological treatment facilities and result in the pollution of the water bodies. The system of regulating the quality of effluents discharged by the users is considered. The causes of unreasonably stringent permissible pollution concentrations set by calculations; and the duality of the requirements set to the effluent quality are presented. The conclusion of the necessary revision of the regulated limit values with account of the legislation in force and operation of the treatment facilities in accordance with the regulations is made.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , water disposal system , pollutants , regulation of permissible discharge
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UDC 628.2:621.644.073
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.10.07
Zakharov Iu. S.
Classification of gravity sewers at the pipeline rehabilitation
with flexible polymer liner
Summary
One of the dynamically developing areas of the construction industry since the early nineties of the last century has been the rehabilitation of damaged underground pipelines using «pipe-in-pipe» technologies. The rehabilitated pipeline shall meet the requirements for new pipelines, i. e. be hermetic, environmentally safe and safe in service, resistant to static loads, to transported wastewater, to abrasion and loads during water blasting. Based on the static calculation performed when selecting the parameters of a new pipe for pipeline rehabilitation, it is necessary to confirm the bearing capacity, serviceability and steadystate stability of the pipeline after rehabilitation, as well as, if necessary, the impossibility of soil collapse (sinking). A clear definition of the required wall thickness of a new polymer pipe, the choice of a suitable technology for pipeline rehabilitation and the service life of the pipeline after rehabilitation largely depend on the correct classification of the pipeline being restored. Therefore, in order to perform a high-quality static calculation, minimize errors in selecting the design and parameters of a flexible polymer liner, as also to ensure long-term trouble-free operation of the «new pipe – pipeline – soil» system, a visual inspection of the pipeline being restored should be carefully carried out in accordance with the classification given in the article.
Key words
pipeline , water disposal system , rehabilitation , flexible polymer liner , statistic calculations
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UDC 628.29:66.013.6
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.11.06
Davydov Igor’, Sheplev Dmitrii, Poselennov Vladimir, Nagornyi S. L.
Package of energy-efficient measures on the upgrade of the wastewater disposal system of the Urban District of Samara
Summary
The information on the upgrade of the wastewater pumping stations of the wastewater disposal system in the city of Samara is presented. The main methods and means of the step-by-step implementation of the upgrade are described. The values of monthly and annual electricity consumption by the pumping stations are given. A reduction in the electricity spent for pumping waste liquid is determined. As a result of the upgrade, the efficiency of the equipment operation has increased due to the acquisition of complete and reliable information on the parameters of technological processes in real time mode. The introduction of the supervisory control provided for the rapid response to a technological failure of the stations.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , power consumption , water disposal system , frequency-regulated electric drive , pump operation regulation
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UDC 628.24:62-192
Alekseev M. I., Yermolin Yu. A.
Reliable operation of wastewater collection systems and ways of its improvement
Summary
Characteristics of the three constituents of a municipal wastewater collection system, i.e. structural, design and operational are presented. Their impact on the reliable operation of the entire wastewater collection system is discussed. The reasons of reliability degradation of each of the constituents are analyzed. Based on the analytical results the specific features are considered and a number of administrative and technical measures to improve the reliability of the wastewater collection system both at the design stage and in the process of operation are suggested.
Key words
reliability , pipeline , pump , water disposal system , shut-off and control valves , operation efficiency
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UDC 628.22:532.542
Chupin V. R., Melekhov E. S., Chupin R. V.
Pressure Movement of Flows in Gravity Manifolds
Summary
A new approach to the design of water disposal systems based on their simulation with hydraulic chains with unrecorded withdrawals and inflows of runoffs is offered. It makes it possible, on one hand, to determine the presence of counterflows in the network, possible effusions of flows on the ground surface, volumes of runoffs running out, carrying capacity of a water disposal system and, on the other hand, to simulate various conditions of flow transportation with due regard for possible cloggings, encrustation of pipes and other violations which can occur during the operation.
Key words
wastewater , head , water disposal system , collector , hydraulic design , well , simulation
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UDC 658.261:621.577
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.01.06
Razakov M. A.
Regulating the use of secondary energy resources at high-voltage wastewater pumping stations
Summary
The results of studying the use of secondary energy resources at a high-voltage municipal wastewater pumping station are presented. The specific features of designing and operating engineering systems for maintaining a microclimate at a wastewater pumping station, as well as the generated wastes that can potentially be used in the form of secondary energy resources, are considered. A review of the energy resources obtained in the process of pumping wastewater to the treatment facilities and can be used to reduce the share of basic operating costs, was carried out. The results of a field survey of the heating system at a municipal wastewater pumping station are presented. The main types of heating and ventilation systems used at wastewater pumping stations located in Moscow are considered. Options have been proposed for regulating the use of wastewater heat, exhaust air, and the technological process within the premises of a municipal wastewater pumping station, taking into account the features of wastewater treatment at the wastewater treatment facilities. The work can be of interest to the operators of the municipal wastewater disposal systems, engineers of building heating and ventilation systems, as well as for the researchers and designers working in the field of developing microclimate in industrial structures.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , water disposal system , energy , standardization , energy resources , heat energy , electric energy
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UDC 628.2:621.644.073
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.12.08
Zakharov Iu. S.
Determining the wall thickness of flexible polymer liners for the rehabilitation of pipelines of the state class I
Summary
The wall thickness is one of the main parameters that determine both the service life of a gravity sewer pipeline subject to rehabilitation with the use of flexible polymer liners, and the economic efficiency of repair and rehabilitation activities. The wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner is determined based on a static calculation with the algorithm depending on the condition of the pipeline subject to rehabilitation and the loads acting on it. At present, special software developed by foreign companies is used to calculate the wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner. A method for static calculation of flexible polymer liners cured inside a pipeline is proposed that while using tables and graphs allows determining the liner wall thickness during the rehabilitation of a state class I pipeline, provided the main load acting on the «new polymer pipe – pipeline» system is groundwater pressure.
Key words
pipeline , water disposal system , rehabilitation , flexible polymer liner , static calculation
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UDC 628.2:621.644.073
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.12.09
Zakharov Iu. S.
Determining the wall thickness of flexible polymer liners for the rehabilitation of pipelines of the state class II
Summary
Once gravity sewer pipelines are put into operation, longitudinal cracks may appear in the pipes after a relatively short period of time caused by the low quality of pipe products and violation of the construction technology. Pipelines with longitudinal cracks (state class II or III) can be rehabilitated using flexible polymer liner, provided that the «pipeline – soil» system is statically stable. A method for estimating the static stability of the «pipeline – soil» system is given. Taking into account the properties of the soil, backfilling and ovalization of the pipeline, the main loads acting on a new polymer pipe during the rehabilitation of pipelines with longitudinal cracks (condition class II) are determined. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner for the rehabilitation of pipelines of the above-mentioned state class depending on the actual loads. As an alternative to using foreign specialized software, a method is proposed for calculating the wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner that provides for using tables and graphs to determine the wall thickness of the liner for the rehabilitation of state class II pipeline on exposure to the soil pressure, groundwater and transport loads.
Key words
pipeline , water disposal system , rehabilitation , flexible polymer liner , static calculation
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UDC 628.218
Chupin R. V., Nguen Ngok An Tuan
Optimal upgrade of sewers
Summary
Choosing the optimal structures and parameters of new and upgraded wastewater disposal systems has been a determining factor in designing their prospective development schemes. This task is suggested to be fulfilled on the basis of preliminary designed redundant schemes that are formed by overlapping pre-engineered options of wastewater system development. On the basis of the redundant scheme a transportation network scheme is designed to determine the maximum flow at minimum costs. For this purpose the flow-through capacity limits of the existing sewers are assigned on the basis of self-cleansing velocities (lower limits) and impermissibility of gravity sewer operation under pressure (upper limits). The cost of the flow units is determined for every network section on the basis of the capital and operation cost data. From the optimization results the route and parameters of the new network sections, options of the existing sewers upgrade (open cut or trenchless relaying, parallel pipeline construction) are determined. The suggested method can be useful when designing prospective development schemes of wastewater systems, and can be used by wastewater services providers for developing investment programs.
Key words
water disposal system , optimization method , maximum flow at minimum cost , flow unit , cost function , linear approximation
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UDC 628.292.65.011.4
Karmazinov F. V., Probirsky M. D., IGNATCHIK V. S., Ignatchik S. Iu., Kuznetsov P. N.
Optimization of the wastewater disposal system
Summary
In the Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On water supply and wastewater disposal» the challenges and principles of the national policy in this field have been defined. One of the challenges is «improving energy efficiency by water conservation». The experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» shows that achieving the above-noted challenge apart from installing water meters is possible by zoning the distribution networks and reducing the working pressure in them. However, alongside with the positive situation in water consumption in the water supply system of St. Petersburg two contrary trends have emerged that favour the increase in wastewater disposal amount: increase in wastewater inflow during the rainy season and increase of general coefficients of wastewater disposal irregularity. The contradiction emerged between the safety requirements of the branch law «On water supply and wastewater disposal», the requirements of the law «On environmental protection» related to the accidental wastewater discharge and wastewater treatment level on one side, and the changed operation conditions (increased developed land, off-design rains, increased irregularity coefficients) on the other side. Because of this meeting the requirements of the legislation and government regulations in the process of the operation of the wastewater disposal system of St. Petersburg that was basically designed and built many years ago actually is not possible. Under current conditions when the large-scale upgrade of the wastewater disposal system of the megacity is not possible the optimal resolution of the above-mentioned conflict is establishing the system of the municipal wastewater disposal system control. This will provide for solving a number of optimization tasks with criteria stated in the branch law in the form of indicators of reliability, quality, energy efficiency.
Key words
wastewater , Emergency dump , reliability , water supply system , water disposal system , network zoning , coefficient of wastewater disposal irregularity
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UDC 628.218
Chupin R. V., Gor'kov E. A.
Improvement of the integrity and seismic resistance of gravity sewers
Summary
The problems of improving the integrity and seismic resistance of wastewater disposal systems have been urgent and must be solved in the process of designing prospective plans of territorial and urban development as well as investment programs of public utilities. The procedure of wastewater system structure optimization based on developing redundant layout and searching the maximum flow of the minimum weight function (minimum cost, maximum integrity and seismic resistance) is suggested. Redundant layout is developed by overlapping the predesigned sewer routes. The integrity is evaluated by the quantitative index – raw sewage amount that is generated for the certain time period as a result of an accident and pipeline rehabilitation time. Seismic resistance is taken into consideration by increasing failure rate depending on the earthquake intensity and orientation of the seismic impact. The suggested procedure takes into account seismic impacts by increasing the length of the designed sections of the redundant sewer layout. It is shown that construction of subsidiary and loop sewers improves significantly the integrity and seismic resistance of sewers.
Key words
water disposal system , seismic forces , optimization method , redundant layout , quantitative index of integrity , seismic resistance
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UDC 628.1.2:658.26.004.18
Usachev A. P., Karpov N. V.
Enhancement of Energy Efficiency of Pumping Plants at Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Systems
Summary
One of the ways of enhancement of energy efficiency of pumping plants at water supply and wastewater disposal systems introduced successfully at the Municipal Unitary Enterprise Gorvodokanalof Novosibirsk is considered. The matter is the introduction of high-voltage stations of frequency control of pump units with power voltage of 6–10 kV. Variants of frequency regulation and experience in their introduction at pumping stations are presented. The experience in operation of the stations of frequency control demonstrates their high efficiency not only in power saving but also concerning the rest operational indices including provision of the stable and guaranteed water supply to all consumers in particular.
Key words
water supply system , energy efficiency , water disposal system , high voltage stations of frequency control of pump units
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.01.05
UDC 628.292:62-531.3:65.011.4
Yermolin Yu. A.
Potentialities of energy saving in the operation of a sanitation system of a big city
Summary
The article, without mathematical formalization, with due consideration of physical interpretations of the process of wastewater disposal in a large city, reveals the potential for energy savings in the process of wastewater transportation in an extensive gravity network, enclosed in its very structure. This potential can be fulfilled through targeted operational redistribution of wastewater flows over sewage pumping stations and transportation mains of the network, achieving the minimum of total energy consumption by all pumping stations. It is shown that the calculation of such a redistribution is possible only on the basis of a mathematical model of the project by formulating and solving the corresponding optimization problem. The requirements that the mathematical model of the project shall meet are discussed; and its capabilities are shown while operating the network not only in normal operating conditions but also in emergency situations. The consideration of the problem is based on the positive results of a large-scale industrial experiment conducted earlier on the optimal management of a section of the Moscow sanitation system.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , water disposal system , specific features of the sewer network structure , electrical energy consumption , redistribution of wastewater flows , mathematical model of the project , optimization task
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UDC 628.21:004.65:53.072.12
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.11.05
Rakitskii D. S., Vas'kovskii A. V., Konevskii E. V.
Designing an electronic network and a hydraulic model of the wastewater disposal system of the Urban District of Samara
Summary
For the purpose of improving the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system control in the Urban District of Samara, along with providing for the reliable operation and mitigation of the negative impact on the environment in the context of the urban area development, the specialists of Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy, LLC, are designing and using in their work an electronic network and a hydraulic model of the municipal sewer system and its structures. However, prior to developing and launching the model operation, a detailed analysis of the current condition of the wastewater disposal system (passportization), arrangement of the interaction of the subdivisions on the data updating (actualization), provision of the data entry on the calculated nodal loads and data on the occurring blockages are needed. The correct simulation can provide for the significant improvement of the system operation efficiency, mitigation of the flooding risks and improvement of the general control of the water resources. Using these technologies will not only contribute to the sustainable development of the urban infrastructure, but also provide for the environmental protection and public health.
Key words
water disposal system , geoinformation system , hydraulic model , basic data , GIS Ingeo , ZuluGIS
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UDC 628.221
Vereshchagina Lidiia, SHVETSOV V. N.
Explanation of separate provisions of the Recommendations for designing the systems of the surface runoff from residential areas and industrial sites collection, disposal and treatment
Summary
Guidelines and regulations for designing the systems of surface runoff (rainfall, snow-melt, street washwater) from residential areas and industrial sites disposal and treatment are presented as well as the comments to the provisions of Code of Practice 32.13330.2012 «Sewerage. Public Utilities» and «Recommendations for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of the surface runoff from residential areas, industrial sites; and determining the conditions for its discharge into the water bodies» («NII VODGEO» OJSC). The above-noted documents permit disposal for treatment of the most polluted part of the surface runoff in the amount of more than 70% of the annual runoff from residential areas and industrial sites similar to them in pollution level, and the total runoff from industrial sites with the territories that could be polluted with specific substances with toxic properties or significant concentrations of organics. The common practice of designing engineering structures of separate and combined sewers that allow short-term discharges of part of runoff into water bodies through separating chambers (storm-overflow sewers) at heavy (storm) rains of rare occurrence is considered. The cases are considered related to the refusal of the territorial directorates of State expert assessment department and Russian Federal Fisheries Agency to allow activities in relation to the capital construction projects under design pursuant to article 60 of the RF Water Code that prohibits discharging wastewater without sanitary treatment and decontamination into water bodies.
Key words
treatment facilities , water disposal system , surface runoff , regulatory and guidance documents , limit-exceeding discharge
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UDC 628.218
Chupin R. V.
Designing looped wastewater systems with bypass sewers
Summary
The aspects of simulating fluid movement in wastewater disposal systems of looped structure are considered. It is shown that separate bypass sewers can operate both with gravity and pressure flows. Meanwhile preliminary studying the flow hydraulic parameters is required. In the process of hydraulic network designing potential threat of wastewater underflooding and surface spilling have to be analyzed first. It is suggested to determine wastewater flow rates that are distributed among separate bypass sewers on the basis of energy and mass-conservation equations (similar to Kirchhoff’s laws). General design procedure is proposed and examples of designing wastewater disposal systems with bypass network sections for the entire range of possible fluid movement modes including emergency situations are presented. The aspects of improving wastewater system integrity by introducing looped structures are considered. For the operators the design procedure can be helpful in centralized control systems in case of isolating accident failures or optimizing flow modes. In case of automatic flow distribution the design procedure provides for advance estimating control action on gate valves and simulating the aftereffect of their opening or closing. Looped structures can be used in the process of wastewater disposal system reconstruction and development; whereas the developed procedure of hydraulic designing will allow the design engineers to substantiate their parameters.
Key words
water disposal system , underflooding , bypass sewer , pressure and gravity flow
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UDC 696.1
Stepanov Mikhail, Zakharov Iu. S.
Rehabilitation of house drainage systems with the use
of BRAWOLINER® flexible polymer liners
Summary
Replacement of house drainage systems in apartment buildings with the use traditional technologies encounters active opposition of the residents and is often eliminated. The reason lies in the necessary subsequent renovation of apartments at the owner’s cost. The use of flexible polymer liners provides for rehabilitating house drainage systems with minimum demolition works and high quality within a very short time. This requires beside the availability of process equipment and qualified personnel also shrewd planning and high-quality organizational and preparatory works with account of the specific features of each project. The factors influencing planning and cost of the works are as follows: number of apartments; number of storeys in the building; number of stand-pipes; number of offsets and abuttings; length of the drainage system (stand-pipes, abutting pipes); scope of performing works; labour costs; distance to the object; extra work to provide for the access to the pipeline; scope of plumbing work (if required).
Key words
water disposal system , rehabilitation , house drainage system , rehabilitation , flexible polymer liner
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UDC 628.112.24:621.65
Fisenko V. N.
Energy efficiency of pumps in water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Summary
The aspects of anti-terrorism security of water supply and wastewater disposal facilities are considered alongside with the dynamics and structure of the Russian domestic market of pumping equipment for water supply and wastewater disposal systems. Current world trends in improving pumping equipment in relation to furnishing with the systems of intelligent management and control and improving energy efficiency within the frames of «Internet of things» (IoT) concept cause problems in interdisciplinarity. The Soviet experience in improving the domestic approach to the assessment of the energy efficiency of pumping systems in the process of ISO/ASME 14414 standard revision is considered. The criteria of the energy efficiency of pumps for water supply and wastewater disposal systems are presented; their advantages and continuity of the similar international practice are shown. In order to determine what pumps manufactured in the Russian Federation and imported to RF are energy efficient in relation to the operation requirements for water supply and wastewater disposal systems it is necessary to define on the basis of the currently available best practice a common approach to the assessment of energy efficiency that can be used by both manufacturers, designers and users of pumping equipment, and by public oversight and monitoring authorities. Pumping equipment that does not meet such requirements must be excluded from the official stream of commerce in water supply as not compliant with the current ecological requirements and put on the restriction list in RF. The problems of interdisciplinarity in relation to the assigned use in safety critical industries of the domestic radioelectronic element base, domestic operating systems, software in instruments and systems of monitoring and control of pumping equipment of water supply and wastewater disposal systems warrant solutions. Allocation of public funds for equipment integrated with data processing centers located overseas must be limited.
Key words
water supply system , water disposal system , power efficiency , centrifugal multi-stage pump , pump load profile , energy efficiency index , «Internet of things»
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