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UDC 504.06:628.5
Ponomareva L. S.
On the Issue of Payment for Pollution of Water Objects
Summary
Issues of the definition of payment base and amounts of payment for pollution of water objects from of validity and justice positions are considered. The modified approach to definition of payment base on the basis of comparability and general control over water quality indices is offered. Instead of deciphering of water chemical composition the brief list of compositions and properties characteristics reflecting the negative influence on water objects – mineralization (salt content), transparency and turbidity, eutrophy, oxygen and heat conditions, general radioactivity and toxic effects – is offered. Coefficients of the reduction of chemical indices and formulas of calculation by temperature and toxicity for definition of the value of water resources depletion as a result of pollution limiting or excluding their authorized use for specific purposes are proposed. Feasible methods of the cost estimate of the value of water resources depletion with corrective coefficients defining the degree of resistance of wastewater to biological decomposition in a water object and the degree of danger brought to light on the basis of comparison of the level of water resources depletion by a concrete discharge with a real diluting capability of a concrete water object near the discharge range are presented. It is requested to test the approach proposed and compare the results obtained with amounts of payments collected now.
Key words
polluting substance , standard of allowable discharge , water objects pollution , maximum permissible concentration , water quality index , technological rate setting , payment base
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UDC 628.21:504.054
Vereshchagina Lidiia, SHVETSOV V. N.
New approaches to the regulation of effluent discharge to water bodies
Summary
The list of the regulatory legal acts – federal laws, RF government decrees and executive orders is presented as well as the decrees of the RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment enacted for the past years. The purpose of the enactment is the reform of the environmental legislation in the field of the governmental regulation of the impact the economic activity produces on water bodies; the regulation consists in transferring from the existing principles of regulating pollutants discharge based on the water quality standards for water bodies of commercial fishing importance to the regulation based on the best available techniques. Special attention is paid to Decree of the RF Government of September 13, 2016 No. 913 and Decree of the RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of November 15, 2016 No. 598 on the introduction of amendments to «Methods of developing the standards of permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users» (2007). The informative technical guidebook ITS 10-2015 «Wastewater treatment in the public wastewater disposal systems of communities, municipal districts» is considered. The need in reviewing the provisions of section 9 of the technical guide «Recommendations for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of the runoff from residential areas, industrial sites; and determining the conditions for effluent discharge into the water bodies» (2015) developed by the experts of «NII VODGEO» JSC is substantiated.
Key words
standard of allowable discharge , best available techniques , surface runoff , environmental legislation
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UDC 628.3:504.05
Lerner А. D., Inchagov А. D.
Regulation of wastewater discharges within the framework
of the national environmental policy
Summary
The interrelation of the environmental legal relations in the field of regulating pollution discharges into the water bodies and public utilities operation is considered. Regulation of wastewater discharges and environmental payments for the negative impact on the water bodies are directly interconnected. Above-limit payment for discharges is one of the factors of the bankruptcy of water and wastewater utilities. Amendments to the system of regulating the negative impact on the water bodies introduced in 2015 could neither solve the existing problems nor eliminate the contradictions between the interests of the institutions of the RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, water and wastewater utilities and national fiscal interests. According to the current methods of regulation drafting technically unachievable requirements to the effluent discharges are set to the water and wastewater utilities; and failure to observe them is subject to substantial financial responsibility. Shifting a part of the financial responsibility from water and wastewater utilities to business did not improve the economic performances of water and wastewater services but placed additional financial burden on business. No changes in discharge regulations that were envisaged in Federal Law No. 73-FZ of June 3rd, 2006 «On the enactment of the Water Code of the Russian Federation» occurred due to the lack of the regulatory and legal framework expected from the institutions of the RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection. The amendments to the environmental regulations introduced into the legal framework do not correlate with each other and reflect the interests of different institutions. It is evidence of the absence of the national environmental policy. The constituted statutory regulations must correspond to the provisions of the national environmental policy, solve the tasks set by the policy, eliminate the emerging contradictions. The basic principles that must make the foundation of the national environmental policy are presented. The main principles are the balance of the public interests, environmental interests, the interests of water and wastewater utilities and business, all-level budgets, technically achievable requirements to the negative impact and the priority of environmental protection over the national fiscal interests.
Key words
standard of allowable discharge , best available techniques , ecological safety , environmental payment , discharge into the public sewer , above-limit payments for discharges , implementation of environmental protection measures
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UDC 628.311
Vereshchagina Lidiia
Calculating the capacity of surface runoff treatment facilities in the context of the environmental legislation reform
Summary
The regulatory documents – federal laws, RF Government Decrees and Environmental Protection Department orders are presented that were brought into force with the purpose of reforming the environmental legislation with regard to the protection of water bodies from wastewater pollution. Their great importance for water users is noted because the adopted regulatory documents determine the relationships between water and wastewater utilities and the customers of the public wastewater disposal systems; regulate the procedure of determining the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged by water and wastewater utilities into water bodies, the procedure of determining on their basis the permissible pollutant concentrations discharged by the customers; and confirm the basic principles of estimating and charging for the negative impact on the environment including violation of the permissible discharge standards. Special attention is paid to RF Ministry of Natural Resources order No. 339 of July 29, 2014 related to making amendments to «The methods of developing the standards of permissible pollutant and microorganisms discharges to water bodies for water users» (2007). New «Guidelines for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of surface runoff from habitable territories, industrial sites, and determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies» developed by «NII VODGEO»» OJSC in 2014 as a Supplement to Building Code SP 32.13330.2012. «Sewer system. Public utilities. Revised edition of SNiP 2.04.03-85» are discussed. The specific features of calculating the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants applied to the outlets of surface effluents generated on habitable territories and industrial sites are noted. The improved methods of calculating daily melt water amounts removed for treatment and the capacity of the treatment facilities are presented.
Key words
standard of allowable discharge , pollutants , surface runoff , environmental legislation , capacity of treatment facilities
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UDC 628.15:504.054
Bagaev Iurii, Shipulin Roman, Gundyreva Tat’iana
Reforming the system of wastewater discharge regulation –
an absolute necessity
Summary
The existing system of regulating wastewater discharges has a number of essential faults and requires revision. It is wise to compile the list of regulated pollutants on principle of ensuring the standard water quality of the water body at the monitoring section downstream of the discharge outlet. It is suggested to limit this list by excluding substances with the concentrations less than 0.3 MPC. The optimal alternative is differentiating microbiological parameters of the discharge by the type and ecological state of the receiving waters. Provision 6.1 of Appendix 1 «Methods of determining maximum permissible discharge of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users» declaring that discharging substances not included into the approved list is prohibited shall be excluded. The attempts to establish maximum stringent discharge standards according to the existing regulation system result in ineffective investing big financial means in advanced effluent treatment. By analogy with foreign countries it would be reasonable to introduce regulation on technological principle with due account for the ecological state of receiving waters. The recommended technological standards for municipal effluent discharges as applied to three categories of water bodies are presented: water courses with intensive water exchange; water reservoirs and low water courses; water courses exposed to eutrophication. Adoption and approval of the suggested technological standards are very important for the water and wastewater utilities.
Ключевые слова
wastewater , standard of allowable discharge , pollutants , technological rate setting , discharge regulation , technological effluent standards
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UDC 504.06:628.5
Ponomareva L. S.
Economic Mechanism of Water Protection from Pollution (Part 3). For What Penalize with Rouble?
Summary
See part 1, 2: № 4, 2010, с. 3; № 6, 2010, с. 8
Some features of the application of documents concerning the payment for water pollution and harm caused by pollution and connected with setting and determination of a payment base according to substances and pollution indexes are considered. Imperfections of normative-methodic documents which make it impossible to use them observing the principles of justice and validity are considered.
Key words
polluting substance , standard of allowable discharge , discharge limit , natural features of natural water composition , evidential base , water objects pollution , caused harm , judicial perspectives
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