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UDC 628. 334.2.004.69
Kalinin A. V.
Hydraulic resistance of a traditional grit chamber
Summary
The experimental results of studying the grain-size distribution of sludge deposits in large combined sewers are presented. The curves of the grain-size distribution of sludge deposits are given. A formula calculating the hydraulic resistance of a traditional grit chamber in relation to the changes in dimensions in proportion to filling with sediments is proposed. Grit chambers are installed in large-size sewers upstream sewer siphons in the place of pollutants deposits accumulated because of grade reduction or local resistance.
Key words
sludge , sand catching chamber , grain-size distribution of deposits , hydraulic resistance , combined sewer
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UDC 628.168.3:628.147.22:620.193
Tchoukhin V. A., Bastrykin R. I., Andrianov A. P.
Investigating corrosion deposits in drinking water supply and distribution pipelines
Summary
The results of investigating the sludge and deposit structure in drinking water supply and distribution pipelines are presented. The literature and experimental data on the structure and composition of corrosion deposits on the pipe walls depending on water quality, pipe material, diameter and age were analyzed. The data on physical and chemical composition of deposits and photomicrographs of corrosion deposits received with the help of a scanning electron microscope are presented.
Key words
sludge , water quality , water supply and water distribution system , corrosion deposits , scanning electron microscope
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UDC 628.35:661.5
Nikolaev Yu. A., KOZLOV M. N., Gavrilin A. M., Kevbrina M. V., Pimenov N. V., Dorofeev A. G., Agarev Anton, Kallistova A. Iu.
Innovative energy efficient and resource-saving technology of removing ammonium from wastewater under anaerobic-anoxic conditions
Summary
The specialists of «Mosvodokanal» JSC have developed the technologies of ammonium oxidation under anoxic conditions: double-reactor for low temperatures and single-reactor for 30–37 °С. The technology for the operation at 10–25 °С is performed by bacteria (discovered in «Mosvodokanal» JSC) Сandidatus Аnammoxomicrobium moscowii, fixed to the bed. The rate of nitrogen removal is 50 g/(m3·day) of the reactor. The technology for warm wastewater treatment is performed by new bacteria Сandidatus Jettenia moscovienalis, fixed to the bed; the rate of nitrogen removal is 0.47 kg/(m3·day). The use of continuous flow and fixed feed increases the output of the reactor to 0.8 kg/(m3·day). Considering the high economic attractiveness and efficiency of the technology it could be expected that in the very near future the technology will become a frequent practice in wastewater treatment. For the development of the industrial-scale technology a grant was awarded within the frames of the Federal special-purpose program «Research and development for the priority orientations of the development of the scientific and technology sector in Russia for 2014–2020». The work is carried out in cooperation with Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Vinogradskii Institute of Microbiology business unit. A pilot plant with a 20 m3 reactor has been assembled, commissioned and operated at the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities in Moscow of a treatment capacity of 20 m3/day of dewatering centrifuges filtrate.
Key words
sedimentation tank , wastewater , surplus active silt , sludge , Anammox , ammonium oxidation
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UDC 628.169.7:614.77
Khrenov K. E., KOZLOV M. N., GRACHEV V. A., Shchegolkova N. M., Vanyushina A. Ya.
Investigation of properties of new soils produced from water sludge
Summary
The properties of soil produced from the sludge generated at the water treatment plants have been investigated. A new method of soil production has been developed. Biotesting with the use of two biotests (Ceriodaphniaand Infusoria) revealed some admissible soil toxicity while water stability was assessed as excellent. The comprehensive physical analysis showed that the addition of water sludge into loam soil enhances active processes of structure formation. The soil is well structured, resistant to unfavorable mechanical, physical and chemical impacts including acid-based solutions. The presented soil is recommended for grassplot formation as well as for biofuel crop cultivation. The grassplots formed with the new type of soil showed rather high resistance to drying up during the extremely hot summer of 2010.
Key words
sludge , water treatment , maximum permissible concentration , soil structure , soil , buffer capacity , biotesting , heavy metals
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UDC 628.336.57:628.162.52
Butko D. A., Lysov V. A.
Determination of Rheological Properties of Water Supply Sediments in Facilities Directly
Summary
Design of an instrument and a method of calculation for the determination of rhelogical properties of sediments directly in settling facilities are presented. Regularities of the change of sediment resistance to displacement depending on the depth of its position and distance from the beginning of a settling tank are revealed.
Key words
treatment facilities , sedimentation tank , sludge , resistance of sediment to displacement
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UDC 628.169.7
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.10.06
Butko D. A.
Optimization of designing the systems for waste water purification from waterworks operating with low-turbidity waters
Summary
The issues of designing schemes for processing wash water of rapid filters (contact clarifiers), sludge from wash water treatment facilities and sludge from sedimentation facilities are considered. The results of a study of wash water of rapid filters at the water treatment plants operating with PolyDADMAC organic coagulant-flocculant are presented; the qualitative indicators of the sludge from the sedimentation tanks at these facilities are given. Options for wash water recycling are considered, such as supplying to the headworks and washing contact clarifiers, as well as process water supply (road washing, production needs of industrial enterprises, etc.), and agricultural irrigation. The water quality indicators for each of the recycling options are given, and an algorithm for selecting a process flow scheme is presented that will provide for the required effluent quality standard by adjusting the treatment scheme. Options for the utilization of sludge of sedimentation tanks and wash water treatment facilities as potting soils, stone and ceramic building materials are presented. The criteria for choosing a utilization option and the algorithm for choosing process flow schemes are presented. The proposed approach to designing schemes for wash water and sludge treatment simplifies their selection at the stage of a new design or upgrade.
Key words
sludge , rapid filter , wash water , flow chart , design algorithm
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UDC 628.312:628.336.3
Variushina G. P., Primin Oleg
The experience of operating surface runoff treatment facilities
and the guidelines for the improvement of sludge treatment technology
Swimmer
The data on the mechanical and physical properties of surface runoff sludge generated on the lands allotted for settlement and highways is presented. The observations of the processes of natural sludge drying on the sand sludge dewatering beds at the treatment facilities show that the sludge is characterized by low dewatering properties (more than 89–94%), and this fact stipulates the demand for the improvement of the sludge treatment technology. As a result of the chemical and analytical studies of the surface runoff sludge composition it was stated that the sludge from industrial sites located in the residential districts and industrial areas, from residential constructions on the lands allocated for settlement with parklands as well as from the recreation areas with nature-sanctuaries could be attributed to class IV of hazard (low-hazard). Sludge from the territory of the Moscow Ring Road, gasoline stations, and parking lots at the shopping malls could be attributed to class III of hazard (moderately hazardous). The results of the laboratory studies showed that the use of high molecular polyelectrolytes provided for sludge thickening and efficient dewatering by centrifuging to 74–82% moisture content. The design data on the sludge specific volume (98–99% moisture content) generated in storage tanks is presented as well as the data on the specific volume of dewatered sludge (89–94 % moisture content) generated annually on 1 ha catchment area for different types of catchment areas. It is recommended during the design process not to remove water charged sludge with a moisture content of 98–99% by trucks (sludge pumps) as an expensive and ineffective method, but to dewater sludge directly at the treatment facilities with the use of stationary or mobile mechanical equipment (vacuum-filters, filter-presses, centrifuges, geotubes).
Key words
treatment facilities , sludge , surface runoff , drainage area , the dewatering apparatus
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.06
UDC 628.25
Skibo Denis, Chupin V. R., Ogniov Igor
Improving the environmental safety of wastewater disposal system on the basis of emergency storage tanks
Summary
A new structure is proposed – an emergency storage tank for wastewater pumping stations that provides for improving the environmental safety and controllability of the wastewater disposal system by regulating wastewater in underground storage facilities. Owing to the specific features the tank usable volume is filled with wastewater from gravity sewers; the wastewater is retained in it for a certain time and removed together with the sludge eliminating any additional pumping equipment. The range of application of the emergency storage tank extends to the systems for the disposal of domestic, storm and industrial wastewater. This innovative device should become an essential component of the municipal engineering infrastructure and meet environmental requirements for wastewater disposal. Structural solutions adopted in the development of a horizontal storage tank as the main multifunctional accumulating element are focused on the possibility of installing this structure in the built-up areas of the city, as well as in adverse hydrological conditions. To determine the usable volume of horizontal storage tanks the standard mathematical modeling approaches were used with the help of the approximation method. A method is proposed for calculating the storage capacity of the tank, as well as calculating the volume of the ballast chamber of a horizontal storage tank. The aspects of the resistance to floating up of underground elements are considered. The modular principle of the tanks design provides for installing it both by trenchless and cut-and-cover methods; whereas the available additional ballast opens the door for operating in difficult hydrological conditions. It is recommended to equip the existing and projected wastewater pumping stations with the developed emergency storage tank.
Key words
wastewater , sludge , reliability , sewerage pumping station , emergency storage tank , controllability of the wastewater disposal system , wastewater flow control
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UDC 628.334
Variushina G. P., Sveshnikova N. V.
Addressing the upgrade of surface runoff treatment facilities
Summary
The results of studies and seasonal observations, estimation of the process parameters of the operation, and development of recommendations for improving the operation of the systems of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of surface runoff from industrial sites and highways are presented; the studies were carried out by the laboratory for municipal, industrial and rainfall runoff and sludge. The studies have been carried out during 20 years at the operating treatment facilities built upon the project of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» JSC at different industrial enterprises. The research methodology consisted in monitoring the quantitative parameters of the incoming surface runoff, its composition and properties as well as the efficiency of pollution elimination at every stage of the process flow scheme. The concentrations of pollutants in the surface runoff were chemically determined with the use of laboratory analytical instruments against the following parameters: settling and suspended substances, oil products, chemical oxygen demand, synthetic surfactants, and heavy metals. Besides, during the studies the mechanical properties and chemical composition of oil slurry and sludge generated in the process of surface runoff treatment were studied. Based on the summarized experience of operating the treatment facilities the criteria characterizing the basic indicators of the process solutions and equipment efficiency have been developed. The technical solutions that provide for upgrading the operated treatment schemes and meeting the required standards of the surface runoff treatment before discharge to the water bodies are proposed.
Key words
sludge , surface runoff , industrial project , operation of treatment facilities , oil slurry , standard of effluent discharge to the water bodies
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UDC 628.161.3:628.169
Karmalov A. I., Naimanov A. Ia., Martynenko Grigorii, Naimanova Asiiat
Reconstruction of the facilities for reusing wash water
from de-ironing plant filters
Summary
The object of the study is wash water from multi-layer rapid filters of a deironing plant and flocculant solution used for the wash water treatment. The purpose of the work is developing an optimal process flow scheme for the treatment of wash water for the subsequent reconstruction of the facilities for wash water treatment at the deironing plant in Tomsk. In the course of work, experimental studies were carried out of the interaction of the wash water generated after washing the rapid filters of the artesian water deironing plant in Tomsk with flocculant solution of various concentrations. As a result of the study, the optimal process flow scheme for the wash water treatment was selected; the dose of the flocculant solution was 0.3 g/m3 and the concentration of the flocculant solution was 0.05%. The extent of adoption was as follows: the results of the work were used in the reconstruction project of the wash water treatment facilities at the de-ironing plant in Tomsk. The data on the flocculant dose and concentration of the flocculant solution will be used in the operation of the facilities after the reconstruction. The effectiveness of the flocculant solution is determined by the degree of water clarification visually and in a lab environment by determining the concentration of iron oxide in clarified water. The economic efficiency of the selected process flow scheme is due to the return of 7200 m3/day of water for reuse saving more than 7% of the daily costs for water abstraction.
Key words
settling , sedimentation tank , deferrization , sludge , flocculant , wash water treatment , повторное использование
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UDC 502.55:628.1:691.42
Lebukhov V. I.
Utilization of Sludge of Water Supply Treatment Facilities
Summary
A possibility of the use of sludge of potable water supply treatment facilities for production of pottery is investigated. Technological tests show that the use of sludge of the Khabarovsk’s treatment facilities as additives to common clays in a dose up to 15% of raw material weight makes it possible to solve a problem of their utilization without a decrease in quality of a produced product. The possibility of the use of treatment facilities sludge in a dose from 3 to 15% as alloy additives making it possible to improve plasticity of ceramic mass, to improve conditions of its sintering, to reduce parameters of shrinkage at all technological stages of preparation of raw materials and manufacturing of products, to reduce the size of pores generated and to improve indices of water-absorbing ability is established.
Key words:
utilization , sludge , treatment facilities of potable water supply system , silt , natural clays , building ceramics
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Danilovich Dmitrii
Energy conservation and alternative power sources at the wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Methods of improving power efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and heat and electrical power generation with the use of renewable power resource of wastewater. The analysis of power conservation and generation in water supply and wastewater management shows that depending on the technical solutions applied the total balance of power consumption at the water and wastewater facilities can vary from the net electrical energy consumption of 4 MW per 100 000 m3 of wastewater/day to positive balance of 7,5–8 MW (owing to 16 MW power generated including 1 MW of electrical energy). The power consumption of two independent municipal wastewater treatment plants can differ more than 6 times.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , sludge , energy efficiency , electric power , power consumption , biogas , water supply-sewerage services , heat pumps
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