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UDC 628.1.033:351.777
Babaev A. V., Stolyarova E. A.
Hygienic regulation of drinking water quality as a mainspring of the water treatment technology upgrade
Summary
The aspects of developing the domestic regulatory environment on drinking water quality are considered together with the effect of the tendency of introducing additional requirements on the water treatment technology by the example of the Moscow public water supply. The drinking water quality requirements both in our country and abroad are based on the criteria established by the World Health Organization in the middle of the last century. In different countries the requirements may differ depending on the national drinking water policy represented by the legislation, standards and other statutory regulations. In the Russian Federation the drinking water quality standards are determined by the sanitary-epidemiologic legislation that specifies the maximum permissible concentrations of all the regulated pollutants. The current requirements to the drinking water quality determine the process solutions implemented at the water treatment plants. Introduction of the new regulatory requirements has become a powerful impulse to upgrading the existing facilities and retrofitting new advanced methods into the treatment technology. Thus, tightening the regulations on the concentration of chlorination byproducts and the requirements to the epidemic safety (regulating viral and parasitary contamination) resulted in the methodical work on upgrading the Moscow water treatment plants with the introduction of ozonation and activated carbon filtration and membrane filtration. Even today the water treatment plants with advanced treatment facilities that guarantee water purification to the regulatory requirements supply more than 40% of the Moscow drinking water. At the same time the current regulatory documents contain inconsistencies that necessitate taking expensive measures to improve the drinking water quality. Considering the activities on revising the current requirements it is necessary to pay special attention to the harmonization of separate statutory regulations.
Key words
potable water quality , water treatment facilities , regulatory requirements , State Standard (GOST) , sanitary regulations and standards
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.02
UDC 628.1.033:006.012
Turina Irina, Lebed’-Sharlevich Ia. I., Manaeva Elizaveta
Legislation of the countries of the European Region on the drinking water quality management (overview)
Summary
High-quality drinking water has been a guarantee of the health and well-being of the population. Formation of the requirements to the water treatment contributes to ensuring the quality and safety of drinking water. A review of the main approaches of the legislative regulation and the legal framework in the field of drinking water quality assurance in the countries of the European Region was carried out. The requirements to the quality of drinking water, chemicals, materials and equipment used in drinking water supply systems, as well as the requirements to their certification in the EU countries and Russia are considered. It is noted that, despite the availability of the national regulations and standards, a harmonization of the requirements to the products for drinking water supply is taking place within the framework of large associations of states (the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union).
Key words
potable water quality , materials and chemicals for the drinking water supply , harmonization of the regulatory requirements to the quality , legislative regulation
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UDC 628.1.033:543.3
Sokolov D. M., Kashintsev I. V., Sokolov M. S., Kantor L. I., Melnitsky I. A., Trukhanova N. V.
Potable Water Quality and Innovation Methods of Control (a problem and analytic review)
SUMMARY
Chemical and microbiological criteria of potable water quality are considered. Innovation methods of the water quality control – highly sensitive, selective, reproduced and express, having high accuracy and reliability for evaluation of its harmlessness and safety are presented. The regular production control of potable water quality is exercised at accredited laboratories and analytic centers of regional and municipal organizations. The experience of the Center of water quality analytic control of the Municipal unitary enterprise Ufavodokanal in the use of innovation methods of quality rating of potable water and wastewater including metrological approved methods and up-to-date measuring instruments of control (analytic devices, express-tests and indicators, petrifilms, chromogenic and fluorogenic nutrient media) is discussed. Equipment of domestic accredited laboratories with up-to-date means of comprehensive control over the potable water quality increases efficiency and reliability of its analysis’s results.
Key words
potable water , potable water quality , methods of water quality control
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UDC 628.161
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.11.02
Egorova Yu. A., Strelkov A. K., Nesterenko O. I., Strelkova T. A., Talovyria Larisa
Measures to supply Samara Urban District with drinking water from surface and underground water sources in accordance with 2.1.3684-21 and 1.2.3685-21 Sanitary Rules and Regulations
Summary
In accordance with the Resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 3, new sanitary rules and regulations have been approved and in force in the Russian Federation from March 1, 2021, requiring a more stringent approach to the quality of purified water: SanPiN 2.1.3684-21 «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements to the maintenance of the territories of urban and rural communities, to water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, arrangement and implementation of sanitary and antiepidemic (preventive) measures» and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors to humans». In this regard, the specialists of Samara Utility Systems LLC are carrying out a comprehensive upgrade and reconstruction of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Samara with the purpose of improving integrally the qualitative and quantitative performance of the systems. Measures have been developed for the reconstruction and modernization of water treatment facilities to provide for the concentration of residual aluminum and chloroform meeting the sanitary standards. The implementation of the activities is planned for the period from 2024 to 2041.
Key words
monitoring , water treatment , potable water quality , manganese , residual aluminium , chlororganic compounds , total iron , sanitary regulations and standards , surface water supply source , underground water sources , total hardness
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UDC 347.9:502.65
Rozental O. M., Averbukh A. I.
The procedure of arbitration water control
Summary
Measurement errors cause unavoidable differences between the actual and measured values of the investigated water parameters; from whence it is not possible to guarantee different laboratories, e.g. industrial and public water control, getting identical results. The procedure of evaluating and comparing the risks of getting false water quality reports by the two independent parties is suggested. On the basis of the procedure a method of resolving arbitration cases was developed provided the measurement results being compatible. Possible accounting for non-compatible results is considered including the use of reserve samples of the investigated water, standard samples or reference laboratories. Complete elimination of arbitration cases requires carrying out quality control by a single party concerned. It is shown that in this case the proper control is ensured on condition that «the principle of distributed priorities» is applied.
Key words
potable water quality , measurement inaccuracy , water control , environmental protection , laboratory analysis , arbitration
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.06.01
UDC 628.1:543.31
Vozhdaeva M. Iu., Kholova Al’fiia, Trukhanova N. V., Melnitsky I. A., Kantor E. A., Beloliptsev I. I.
Estimation of the variability of the chemical composition of drinking water transported by water distribution networks
Summary
While estimating the reliability and efficiency of water supply and sanitation utilities, transporting drinking water to the consumer requires closer attention due to possible quality deterioration during long transportation time, as well as in dead-end and local stagnant zones of distribution networks. It was revealed that the values of the general chemical indicators in drinking water during its transportation are quite sound. An exception is the turbidity of drinking water from surface water intakes and the hardness of drinking water from infiltration water intakes. Statistical criteria obtained during long-term data processing (the range of variation in metal concentrations, standard deviation and the shape of the density distribution graphs of their concentrations) evidence greater stability in the composition of drinking water in networks compared to water in clean water tanks at water intakes. A close to normal distribution of the concentration values of the selected indicators suggests the absence of significant random factors affecting the quality of water in the networks. Dead ends and local stagnant zones of networks are exposed to corrosion processes occurring inside pipes, which is confirmed by higher values of the Langelier index in water samples from these zones. In general, drinking water from surface water intakes is characterized by a wide scatter in the concentrations of the components and is more corrosive compared to the water from infiltration water intakes. Water in stagnant and dead-end zones of water distribution networks has raised turbidity and contains increased concentrations of iron and zinc. Relative to the current water quality standards, the concentration values were at a stable acceptable level in any sampling point, which is confirmed by the range of variation in concentrations during the whole observation period (2006–2016).
Key words
potable water quality , Langelier index , water distribution network , danger coefficient , water corrosiveness
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UDC 628.1
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Aleshina E. V., Babaev A. V., Shotina K. V., Priven E. M.
Prospects of the Moscow public water supply long-term development with account for the newly-annexed territories
Summary
The results of developing the water supply schemes of Moscow including the newly-annexed territories of the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts for the period to 2025 and with account for the RF legislation amendments of 2015 and the data on the update of the Moscow Master Plan are presented. At that the following measures were planned: acquisition and analysis of data from about 60 institutions of Moscow, the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts; complete communication to the schemes of water and heat supply; processing big volumes of technologic, technical and economic information; record of the results of hydraulic modeling of water supply and wastewater management. The water supply schemes for the period to 2025 included the upgrade of the water supply systems of the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk administrative districts by several areas, namely: extension of the drinking water supply area from the West Water Treatment Plant; construction of large-scale regulation waterworks; construction of 600–1000 mm diameter water mains; upgrade of water intake facilities that abstract water from artesian wells; reconstruction of the water distribution network. The perspective measures on the construction and upgrade of the water treatment facilities on the basis of the analysis of the technical and economic state of the public cold water supply systems were determined and developed with account for the urban planning documentation of Moscow.
Key words
best available techniques , potable water quality , centralized water supply system , water supply scheme , construction and upgrade of water treatment facilities , water treatment facilities operations efficiency
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UDC 628.16.094.413.094.3
Vasil'eva A. I., Nasyrova M. R., Kantor L. I., Trukhanova N. V., Melnitsky I. A.
Role of algae in the formation of water chlorination byproducts
Summary
For many years the precursors and mechanisms of water chlorination byproducts formation in the process of water purification at the surface water intake of Ufa city have been investigated. The main task of the study was evaluating the contribution of the representatives of the three phytoplankton species typical for the Ufa River to the trihalomethanes formation: diatomic (Bacillariophyta), green (Chlorophyta) and blue-green algae (Сyanophyta). Initially phytoplankton cells were isolated from the river water samples by concentrating, then in laboratory conditions algae were cultured on substrata. The chlorination experiments were carried out both with water samples with algae biomass and with the sample filtrates. The model samples were chlorinated with 1; 2; 3 mg/l chlorine dosages, exposure time – 2 hours. The concentration of trihalomethanes was measured by gas chromatographic vapor-phase analysis with electron-capture detection. The results of the studies revealed the following specific features. The samples with high concentration of blue-green algal biomass (13.6 mg/l – 96%) after chlorination with 3 mg/l dosage showed significant increase of the total trihalomethane concentration– 131.6 µg/l. In the samples with dominant green algal mass (26.19 mg/l – 99.8%) or with green (0.07 mg/l – 53%) and diatomic algae (0.059 mg/l – 47%) only the lowest total trihalomethane concentrations were detected – 3.69 and 2.62 µg/l, respectively. The similar situation was observed in the process of chlorinating filtrates of these samples. This suggests that blue-green algal metabolites or products of the algal mass decay are most probable precursors of trihalomethanes.
Key words
chlorination , potable water quality , phytoplankton , total trihalomethanes , algae , Chlorophyta (green) , Bacillariophyta (diatomic) , Сyanophyta (blue-green)
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UDC 628.1.033.002.237
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Babaev A. V., Shotina K. V., Koubenko V. V.
Potable water quality management in the Moscow water distribution network
Summary
The results of activities on improving water quality monitoring in the Moscow water distribution network are presented. The technical measures on ensuring the sanitary safety are described. Establishing operational control of the water quality at the water treatment plants and in the distribution network is reported. Beside reconstruction and upgrade the entire package of technical and preventive measures is required in order to minimize the negative processes causing water quality deterioration in the distribution network: pipe inspection, flushing annually dead-end sections and low flow pipelines, additional control of residual chlorine during summer periods etc.
Key words
water supply network , potable water quality , sanitary safety , laboratory control , pipeline flushing
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