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UDC 628.336.5
Nikolaev Yu. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Vanyushina A. Ya., Agarev Anton
High technology of methane digestion of wastewater sludge with biomass recycling
Summary
The technology of methane digestion of wastewater sludge with biomass recycling developed at Mosvodokanal MPUE is presented. The technology advantages ensure reducing the dry weight of sludge compared to the traditional digestion due to deeper decomposition of ash-free matter, and saving the sludge transportation, dewatering and utilization costs. Introduction of the technology at large-scale facilities will provide for eliminating the problem of hydraulic overloading.
Key words
sludge , biogas , activated sludge , biomass recycling , methane digestion , thickening , specific resistance to filtration
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UDC 628.336.71
Khramenkov S. V., Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Kevbrina M. V., Vanyushina A. Ya., Agarev Anton
Improving the efficiency of wastewater sludge pretreatment by high temperature hydrolysis before digestion
Summary
The results of investigating activated sludge and primary sludge thermal pretreatment with the purpose of improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion are presented. The highest efficiency of activated sludge organics transfer into readily soluble form is ensured after thermal hydrolysis at 160°C. The solubility of primary sludge organic matter increases evenly with the temperature increase in the range of 100–200 °С. The maximum biogas output in the ultimate digestion test is increasing after activated sludge hydrolysis at 160°С, primary sludge hydrolysis – at 180–200°С. Digestion in a continuous mode after activated sludge pretreatment at 140–160 °С results in 53% gas generation increase. Any further hydrolysis temperature increase produces a negative impact on gas generation and disintegration of activated sludge ashless matter. Thermal hydrolysis of primary sludge in thermophilic mode is not efficient. Pretreated sludge dewatering performance is improved; consequently the flocculant dosage can be reduced by 0.8–1.0 kg/t DS.
Key words
energy efficiency , sludge , fermentation , biogas , dewatering performance , thermal hydrolysis
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.07.06
УДК 006.053:628.1/3
Pupyrev E. I., Shiriaevskii Valerii, Gerasimov Vladislav
Pre-project evaluation of the efficiency of water and sludge treatment facilities
Summary
Designing water treatment facilities has a centuries-old history. At present, the world project community has developed practically unified process flow schemes for natural water treatment to the drinking water quality and domestic wastewater treatment. The professional community practices an intensive exchange of ideas, technologies, and industrial products in the field of water purification. Recently, mathematical methods for calculating module structures have been actively developing, methods of digital (computer) design are used. For complex projects, first of all, pre-project work is carried out. Methods for designing water treatment facilities remain inherently heuristic, and a number of design solutions can be proposed for the same problem statement. The digital design environment provides for tackling new problems, first of all, for designing treatment facilities that are optimal not only in terms of the water quality and other technical parameters, but at the same time, if possible, in terms of the economic efficiency. A method is proposed for the development of a pre-design using multivariate mathematical procedures that allow approaching the optimal combination of technical and financial indicators of the future water treatment facility.
Key words
wastewater , anaerobic fermentation , biogas , methane tank , sludge , sludge cake , process flow scheme of wastewater sludge treatment , финансовая модель , Alt-Invest
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UDC 628.336.5.004.18
Rublevskaya O. N., Melnik E. A.
Tackling the problem of energy saving in the Saint-Petersburg wastewater system
Summary
The technologies of primary and secondary sludge treatment at the Saint-Petersburg wastewater treatment facilities are considered. The technologies of thermal hydrolysis and thermophilic and mesophilic digestion were suggested by European companies PWT (Germany), Veolia (OTV, France) and Cambi (Norway). Implementing the project of using the energy potential of wastewater sludge will allow Saint-Petersburg Vodokanal PUE to gain unique experience of systematic approach to the solution of sludge utilization problem.
Key words
sludge , fermentation , biogas , methane tank , mesophilic process , thermophilic process , thermal hydrolysis
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UDC 504.064.47:628.385
Perel'shtein G. B., Svetlichnyi D. A., Dygan M. M., Mal'tseva S. S.
Advanced technologies of municipal waste management
Summary
The living activity of a modern city is accompanied by the generation of big waste amounts. In the current situation an important task of the municipal utilities is providing for the environmentally safe and energy efficient waste management. Most commonly used advanced technologies of municipal waste management – solid wastes and wastewater sludge – are presented. The options of implementing the mentioned technologies are considered; the information on the implemented projects of new generation facilities for solid waste and wastewater sludge processing and utilization designed by «MosvodokanalNIIproject» OJSC is given. Minimization of the negative impact of waste disposal on the environmental and public health is provided only by waste landfilling with the use of eco-technologies and environmental protection facilities. Thermal solid waste and wastewater sludge processing (incineration) at special boiler plants with generation of heat and electricity is an optimal option of waste disposal for the municipal utilities since it provides for the simultaneous utilization of solid by-products of incineration. On the basis of the long experience of «MosvodokanalNIIproject» OJSC in the field of designing and commissioning the facilities for waste collection, processing and utilization it is shown that environmentally sound utilization can be ensured only by using advanced waste treatment technologies that provide for environmentally safe storage, processing and disposal; reducing waste amount subject to landfilling; increasing the amount of recyclable materials and waste energy use.
Key words
sludge , biogas , municipal solid waste , landfill , sanitation and cleaning , landfill gas
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.04.06
УДК 628.336.6:620.97:621.515
Bazhenov V. I., Ustiuzhanin A. V., Koroleva Ekaterina
Cogeneration plants to compensate for the needs of wastewater treatment facilities in energy resources
Summary
The relevance of the work is associated with increasing the efficiency of the energy resources use. Commissioning water and wastewater treatment facilities with cogeneration dates back to 2009: Mosvodokanal JSC (Kurianovskie and Lyuberetskie treatment facilities, power 10 MW each), Vodokanal JSC, Ivanovo (2.55 MW), Cherepovets Vodokanal MUE (2.4 MW). The life cycle cost was determined on the basis of the operating costs subject to the constraints of the conditions of self-sufficient projects. The operating costs included: gas, electricity, heat energy, costs of spare parts, lubricant, personnel, etc. The use of gas engine cogeneration units to compensate for the needs of the wastewater treatment plants with blower units is an economically viable measure in the Russian Federation. This serves as the basis for the use of cogeneration units in projects of wastewater treatment plants located close to the main gas pipelines. Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the development of this area depend on the choice of vodokanals to use thermal energy. The cost of 1 m3 of wastewater treatment can be reduced: by 0.894/0.44 rubles for the operating blower units (with 28% excess energy consumption due to wear); by 0.644/0.317 rubles for the advanced blower units; by 0.688/0.361 rubles for the advanced controlled blower units. The benefit from using cogeneration units is 53.3%/36% and 56.9%/41% for uncontrolled and controlled blower units, respectively. It makes sense to consider capital costs at the design stage that includes specific, object-oriented requests for the equipment manufacturer.
Key words
biogas , cogeneration , wastewater aeration , air-blowing house , alternative energy supply , natural gas , engineering-economic analysis
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UDC 628.336.515:621.311
Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Pakhomov A. N., Streltsov S. A., Khamidov M. G., Belov N. A.
Utilization of Biogas and Creation of Autonomous Sources of Power Supply at Treatment Facilities
Summary
The process of methane fermentation of sludge generated in the course of wastewater treatment is used at sewerage treatment facilities of the MSUE Mosvodokanal. The complex reconstruction of heated digestion tanks is carried out since1998; as a result of it the output of biogas has been increased by 1,7 times – up to 250 000 m3/day. To rise the efficiency of using the biogas and reliability of power supply it was decided to construct two mini-heat electric power stations of 10 MWt capacity each. An investor, the Austrian concern EVN, has been selected on the competition base. The mini-heat electric power station at the Kuryanovo treatment facilities was put into operation in January 2009. This mini-HEPS ensures 50% of need in electric energy and 30% in heat energy. This project became one of the largest in the field of alternative power engineering and the first power station in Russia operating on biogas.
Key words
power saving , sewerage treatment facilities , methane fermentation of sludge , biogas , autonomous source of power supply
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UDC 628.3:658.26.004.18
Danilovich Dmitrii
Energy conservation and alternative power sources at the wastewater treatment facilities
Summary
Methods of improving power efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities and heat and electrical power generation with the use of renewable power resource of wastewater. The analysis of power conservation and generation in water supply and wastewater management shows that depending on the technical solutions applied the total balance of power consumption at the water and wastewater facilities can vary from the net electrical energy consumption of 4 MW per 100 000 m3 of wastewater/day to positive balance of 7,5–8 MW (owing to 16 MW power generated including 1 MW of electrical energy). The power consumption of two independent municipal wastewater treatment plants can differ more than 6 times.
Key words
treatment facilities , wastewater , sludge , energy efficiency , electric power , power consumption , biogas , water supply-sewerage services , heat pumps
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