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Number 5 / 2016
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UDC 628.1.033:351.777
Samburski Georgi, Plitman S. I., Pestov S. M., Tulakin A. V., Ampleeva G. P.
On some problems in water treatment related to the implementation of «On water supply and wastewater disposal» Act
Summary
A number of problems of regulating the process of drinking water purification for public water supply systems related to the water quality meeting the established hygienic requirements and performance targets are considered. It is shown that water and wastewater providers using the methods of risk assessment can optimize the measures aimed at improving the quality of drinking water in the context of choosing the implementation dates and priorities. It is noted that measuring water quality parameters without any consideration for procedural and sampling errors may not reflect actual concentrations of pollutants in drinking water in public water supply systems; whereas five-fold exceeding maximum permissible concentrations is possible which contravenes both drinking water hygienic standards and criteria of significant drinking water quality deterioration.
Ключевые слова
potable water , water supply , water treatment , water quality , measurement error , health risk
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UDC 628.16.081
Fomina V. F., Fomin A. V.
The experience of operating pressure flotation facilities for the purification of low-turbid colored water of the Vychegda River (on the occasion of 10 years of the startup of pressure flotation facilities
at the water treatment plant of Syktyvkar)
Summary
The results of operating the pressure flotation facilities with a capacity of 65,000 m3/day commissioned in May 2006 at the water treatment plant of Syktyvkar are considered. During 10 years the pressure flotation facilities have been successfully operating and ensuring high-level clarification of drinking water. The analysis of the main water quality indicators after each treatment stage showed that the pressure flotation method had been the most efficient for purification of low-turbid colored water of the Vychegda River. It is stated that during certain seasons color increase higher than 150–200 grades and temperature decrease result in complications with meeting the standard for permanganate oxidizability; therefore more detailed selection of chemical agents and dosage optimization is required. At the optimal coagulation operation mode the method of pressure flotation provides for enhanced water clarification to less than 1 mg/l turbidity which allows using filters as barrier facilities in case of turbidity breakthrough.
Key words
reagent treatment , coagulation , wash water , filtration , pressure flotation , low turbidity colored water
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UDC 628.16.067.1
Filatov A. I.
On some specific features of calculating drainage-distribution systems of large area rapid filters
Summary
Two main methods of calculating drainage-distribution systems for uniform washing of rapid filters are known: as regards the relation of the total surface area of drainage slots to the filter area and as regards the so-called relation of the total surface area of drainage slots to the cross-sectional area of the collecting manifold. The second method seems to be more consistent since it provides for the direct link between the values of the recoverable dynamic pressure in the pipes and the total head loss in the drainage required for the uniform filter wash. When using this method for calculating large area filters it is suggested to take into consideration the head loss at the sudden expansion of the cross section of the wash water flow at the head of the central (side) canal.
Key words
rapid filter , drainage-distribution system , pressure losses , wash uniformity , central canal
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UDC 628.179
GALPERIN E. M.
Water leaks in the distribution network
Summary
Ensuring the integrity of a water distribution network with hundreds kilometers of pressure pipelines laid underground sometimes in corrosive soil and ground water is practically impossible. Leaks in the water distribution network are a permanent element of the network operation and maintenance. Drinking water losses during transportation pose a tangible economic damage to water providers, contribute to underground water level increase, and sometimes produce an adverse environmental effect. The operation personnel carry out continuous work on eliminating water leaks. Water leak control in the distribution network is an essential part of operation and maintenance. The information on water leaks amount and water losses in certain countries of the world is presented. Detailed description of the experience in preventing leaks in the Tokyo water distribution network with the lowest in the world water leak level is presented.
Key words
water supply network , pipeline , water leaks and losses , seismic consistency , diagnostic instruments
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UDC 628.35:661.5
К. Вун, Lemaire Romain, Zhao Hong, Christensson Magnus, M. Le Noir
Experience from start-up and operation of deammonification MBBR plants, and testing of a new deammonification IFAS configuration
Summary
A single-stage deammonification process utilizing biofilms on moving carriers in a mixed reactor (ANITA™Mox) is studied. Partial
nitritation and autotrophic N-removal occur simultaneously within the biofilm, where aerobic and anoxic zones result from oxygen mass transfer limitation. Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) oxidize NH4 to NO2 in the aerobic zone of the biofilm (i. e. external biofilm) while Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) located in the anoxic zone of the biofilm (i. e. internal biofilm) consume NO2 produced by AOB together with the excess NH4. The process has been implemented at full-scale as a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) to treat reject water from dewatering of digested sludge. Startup of these installations was accelerated using a seeding strategy whereby 3–15% of carriers with established AOB/AnAOB biofilm were mixed with new carriers. N-removal rates up to 1.2 kgN/(m3react·d) have been observed in the full-scale process. The achievable rate is influenced by substrate transport inside the biofilm, which depends on factors such as biofilm density, thickness, temperature, and substrate concentrations. One possible strategy to increase the N-removal is to enhance substrate transport. Using Integrated Fixed-Film Activate Sludge (IFAS) to separate the nitritation and anammox reactions spatially, instead of adjacent in the same biofilm, allows the AOB to grow in suspended phase to better utilize DO, while allowing the biofilm to specialize in AnAOB reaction to achieve higher rates. A lower bulk DO can be used in this mode. Results from full-scale ANITA™Mox MBBR treating sidestream effluent are presented together with preliminary ANITA™Mox IFAS results from a 50 m3 full-scale prototype showing an increase in N-removal rate of up to 3 times that usually achieved in pure MBBR configuration.
Key words
nitrogen removal , Anammox , ANITA™Mox , IFAS , MBBR
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UDC 628.316.12
Rublevskaya O. N., PANKOVA G. A., Leonov L. V., Kolosov D. E.
Approbation of Glint artificial aluminosilicate sorbent for tertiary treatment of biologically treated domestic wastewater
Summary
The results of pilot tests of synthetic aluminosilicate sorbent under Glint trademark in comparison with AG-3 granulated activated carbon are presented. The study was carried out with effluent from the North Wastewater Treatment Plant of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg». The following parameters were determined in the effluent samples: рН, suspended solids concentration, phosphate as P, anionic surfactants, ions of iron, zinc, aluminium, nickel, copper and manganese. Glint sorbent is aluminosilicate granular material with effective surface and contains exchangeable ions of calcium and magnesium. Glint material proved itself in the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with heavy metal ions but not contaminated with organics and complexing compounds.
Key words
filtration , wastewater , aftertreatment , heavy metals , activated carbon , aluminosilicate sorbent
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UDC 628.144:532.542
Prodous O. A., Terekhov L. D.
Comparative evaluation of using charts by different authors for hydraulic calculation of pressure polyethylene pipelines
Summary
The results of hydraulic calculations carried out with the use of charts compiled by different authors are compared. The example of hydraulic calculations of a pipeline with a diameter of 160 mm for certain flow rate and pressure as well as the analysis of the hydraulic characteristics obtained from the charts by different authors for hydraulic calculations of pressure polyethylene pipes with practical conclusions are presented. The demand for such a comparison is driven by the inquiries from engineering companies busy with designing pressure polyethylene pipelines and experiencing difficulties with choosing the right charts for precise hydraulic calculations; and by the significant errors in the process of determining specific head losses along the length – hydraulic resistance that ultimately influences energy consumption of pumps during water transportation.
Key words
hydraulic design , polyethylene pipes , hydraulic resistance , specific head losses , calculation error
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UDC 628.321
Zhadan A. V., Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail
Testing VTI-M pilot high-rate lamella clarifier with microsand
Summary
In order to test and adjust in pilot mode the technology of enhanced water coagulation a VTI-M pilot high-rate clarifier with microsand was designed. The installation with a capacity of up to 30 m3/h is designed for the purification of surface, storm and waste water. It is constructed in such a way that the purification process can be carried out either with recycling of generated sludge or with the use of fine-grained sandy weighting material. VTI-M clarifier provides for the sustainable water quality that fully meets the requirements to the quality of water supplied to ion exchange desalination.
Key words
coagulation , coagulant , flocculant , microsand , clarifier , enhanced treatment , sand recycling , thin-layer block
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UDC 628.14:62-192
Yermolin Yu. A., Alekseev M. I.
Consideration of object ageing in estimating its reliability
Summary
The issues related to the estimation of reliability of nonstationary (ageing) objects that are characterized by increasing failure rate with time are discussed. The lack of methods that could be used in engineering evaluation of the reliability of these objects is stated. The method is suggested that consists in nominal replacing the nonstationary object with fictive stationary one with failure rate constant value that is selected basing on several additional considerations. The relationships readily usable in practice and expressing the reliability index of the fictive objects through the parameters of the ageing characteristics of the actual nonstationary objects were obtained.
Key words
non stationarity , reliability indicator , fictive replacement of objects , replacement criterion , probability of failure-free operation , calculation method
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