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УДК

Pupyrev E. I.

Water supply and wastewater disposal in Russia: new realities – new solutions

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UDC 628.112.2

ALEKSEEV V. S.

Specific features of underground water use for water supply in Russia

Summary

The aspects of using underground water for water supply in Russia are considered. Changes in the system of underground water abstraction, the lack of uniform technical policy in the field of underground water protection from depletion, drilling of water wells without adequate control from hydrogeological and administrative services caused deterioration of drinking water quality and in general can culminate in underground water resources depletion. The consequences of these activities have already partially manifested. The problems of technical completion of water wells are touched upon, the causes of well abandonment are specified. The aspects of energy saving in water well operation are considered.

Key words

water supply , ground water , power saving , water abstraction facilities , specific well yield

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UDC 504.06

PANKOVA G. A., Rublevskaya O. N., Leonov L. V.

SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities in the field  of mitigating the negative environmental impact

Summary

The results of the SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities on eliminating raw sewage discharges into the city water bodies are presented. The use of advanced technologies that provided for reducing nutrients discharge with effluents of the wastewater treatment facilities is described, as well as the solution of the problem of wastewater sludge handling and utilization by introducing incineration technology that provided for abandoning sludge storing at special municipal landfills. The new and upcoming trends of the SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»’s activities on mitigating the negative environmental impact: storm water volume metering and treatment; snow utilization; tackling the problem of hazardous pollutants, micro plastics and pharmaceuticals in particular, are laid. With the purpose of further reduction of pollutant discharges into the receiving water bodies (with raw sewage) the developed «St. Petersburg water supply and wastewater disposal development Scheme till 2025 inclusive of the 2030 prospects» envisages complete elimination of raw combined and domestic wastewater discharges into receiving water bodies before 2022; elimination after 2030 of discharge of 50% of surface runoff without treatment into the separate municipal storm sewer (at present only 2% of surface runoff passes treatment). The Scheme includes a comprehensive information database on the water supply and wastewater disposal systems as well as the urban planning documents and schemes prepared for other directions of engineering and energy complex of St. Petersburg.

Key words

wastewater , hazardous substances , surface runoff , biogenic elements , sludge incineration , wastewater sludges

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UDC 628.2:677.027.623.71

Svitskov S. V., Danilovich Dmitrii, Azarov V. N.

Wastewater treatment facilities as a source of malodors: causes, characteristics and methods of control

Summary

Odor nuisance is a typical problem of many wastewater treatment facilities. Up to the present moment this problem in Russia was solved exclusively by establishing sanitary protection zones. Malodor buildup is caused by emission of reduced compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and some other organic compounds. For the last year the guidelines for determining malodors (GOST-R was adopted) and the methods of eliminating emissions from public wastewater treatment facilities were for the first time included into the national regulations (the relative section was included into the technical information handbook on best available technologies ITS 10-2015). The information on the methods of measuring odor at the water wastewater treatment facilities is presented. The data on odor release from all the main open process wastewater and sludge treatment units is stated. The classification of these units (four groups) by the extent of odor release is presented. The factors that influence the odor strength are given. The main methods used for elimination of malodors from wastewater facilities are described. Meeting the requirements for cleaning gas emissions and eliminating odors can be ensured with the help of adsorption treatment and reaction-active substances spray-up across the area of emission sources.

Key words

reeking substances , odor nuisance , odor unit , olfactometer , gas emission cleaning , air filtration , PureAir adsorber , «Wet barrier» technology

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UDC 628.2: 677.027.623.71

Bogomolov M. V., Karmazinov F. V., Kostyuchenko S. V.

Methods of odor control in the systems  of wastewater transportation and treatment

Summary

At present odor is considered as an environmental pollution factor that produces a negative impact on human being. In the urban environment one of the main odor releasing sources are the facilities for wastewater transportation and treatment. The advanced approaches to the odor regulation and control at the wastewater treatment facilities are considered. The basic requirements to the methods of odor control are formulated. A review of the most widely used methods – thermal, biological, chemical (including ozonation), sorption, photocatalytical, electrodischarge, direct photolysis, is presented. Practical use of these methods showed that none of them used separately provided for meeting the requirements set to malodor control in the systems of wastewater transportation and treatment; therefore combinations of different methods shall be used. Examples of industrial-scale approbations of the combined most dynamically developing photosorption-catalytical method are given.

Key words

malodor emissions , atmospheric air quality regulations , olfactometry , physical and chemical methods of malodor control , photosorption-catalytical method

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UDC 628.35:661.5

Stepanov S. V., Gabidullina L. A., MOROZOVA K. M., Stepanov A. S., Sokolova T. V.

Evaluation of the impact of wastewater from separate oil refining units on biological treatment process

Summary

The composition and kinetic characteristics of biochemical oxidation of separate wastewater flows from oil refining process units is determined. The study subject was wastewater of the Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery – fuel and lube refiner. In order to evaluate separate wastewater flows with different biological degradability, a kinetic method under contact conditions was used, i. e. the method of recor­ding variations in time of dissolved oxygen concentration followed by determining the oxygen uptake rate depending on the concentration of substrate or other factors. It was stated that the significant part of wastewater from oil refining process units was inhibiting the process of biological treatment of the entire wastewater flow of the refinery. The experimental determination of the inhibition constants of enzyme kinetics equations is of great practical interest because it provides for evaluating the toxic flow impact on the process rate, and what is more determining the type of inhibition. Knowing the inhibition type the ways of eliminating inhibition can be determined which is equally important in biologcal treatment of toxic wastewater. The general methods of eliminating any type of inhibition in the process of oil refinery wastewater biolological treatment is decreasing the toxic flow part in the total flow, i. e. flow rate equalization and activated sludge concentration increase in the facilities. Flow and pollution concentration equalization will prevent from the disturbance of biological treatment processes related to volleys of such wastewater. The last confirms the technological expediency of using membrane bioreactors for biological treatment of oil refinery wastewater that allow operating under the conditions of complete activated sludge retention the the reactor.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , oil refinery , kinetic constants and coefficients , competitive inhibition , uncompetitive inhibition , substrate inhibition

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UDC 628.33:544.723

Nikolaeva L. A., Golubchikov M. A.

Removal of oil products from industrial wastewater with the use  of modified carbonate sludge-based sorption materials

Summary

Activated carbon adsorption is one the efficient methods of removing oil products from wastewater. This method provides for ensuring water quality that meets the requirements to the discharges into the surface water or the conditions of using in closed-loop water supply systems at the industrial plants. The data on the use of solid waste products as sorption materials in wastewater treatment are presented. Development of new cheap waste products-based sorption materials is of big scientific and practical importance. Utilization of granulated hydrophobous carbonate sludge-based sorption material (wastes of thermal power plants) as oil products adsorbent is suggested. Process characteristics and adsorption capacity of the material received were studied; express-testing of the quality of aqueous extract of the developed granulated adsorbent on the acute lethal toxicity for Daphnia Magna Str. crustaceans and Poecillia Reticulata Pet fish was carried out. The process flow scheme of wastewater treatment at «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» OJSC is presented. The calculations of an adsorption filter retrofitted into the scheme of tertiary treatment of conventionally clean effluents with new hydrophobous sorption material were carried out. It is suggested to use the outspent sorbent as an additive to construction ground coat.

Key words

adsorption , industrial wastewater , carbonate sludge , hydrophobous sorption material , adsorption equilibrium , outspent material utilization

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UDC 628.14:62-531.3

Galiullin M. F., Rodin N. V., Bychkov D. A., Gerasimov D. S.

Automation of water supply in the Tumen distribution network

Summary

In 2016 the system of automated control of the second-lift water pumping stations of the Metelevskii and Velizhanskii water intakes was put into industrial operation. For the first time the functions of maintaining the standard operating pressure and supply of the required water amount from the second-lift pumping stations to the municipal water distribution network were automated. Introducing the complex of controlling the operation of the second-lift pumping stations on the basis of the data on the pressure in the dictating points of the network in real time mode provided for qualitatively improving the operation efficiency of the distribution network. The introduction of the automated process control system in the water supply allowed reducing pressure fluctuation in the municipal distribution network. The result was the reduction of the failure rate. Automatic maintaining the operation mode of the municipal distribution network provided for eliminating the excess pressure at the pumping stations that were unavoidable in the manual control mode. According to the expert estimates the potential of pressure reduction in the collection pipelines of the second-lift pumping stations of the Metelevskii and Velizhanskii water intakes is 10–15%. The reduction of the energy consumption with the use of a variable speed drive will be equal to the pressure reduction.

Key words

water intake , pumping station , frequency-regulated electric drive , pressure monitoring , dictating points , water supply system optimization

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Kote Berndt, Karl-Heinz Deutsch, Ralf Hahn, Thomas Pensler

KSB Group recommendations on the selection of pipeline fittings for wastewater pumping