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UDC 628.1.2:62-278
Frenkel V. S.
Membrane Technologies: Past, Present and Future (the North America as an Example)
SUMMARY
Basic tendencies in the field of development of membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in the North America are covered. Main characteristics, basic trends and features of the use of membranes including membrane bioreactors are presented. Characteristics necessary for assessment and selection of the best membrane technologies for each certain project are compared. Membrane treatment has become the fastest growing sector in water treatment, wastewater treatment and water desalination. Four types of membranes are used according to membrane pore size: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). All four principal types of membrane guarantee the removal of the entire spectrum of water pollutants and can be used as a stand-alone technology for a majority of applications. Integrated membrane processes combining different membrane types are becoming a cutting edge approach to meet strict water/wastewater quality regulations because they allow the smallest possible system size, minimize chemical consumption, and provide the most cost-effective solution for the greatest number of applications.
Key words
potable water , wastewater treatment , reverse osmosis , ultrafiltration , desalination , membranes , microfiltration , nanofiltration , membrane bioreactor
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UDC 628.292.65.011.4
Ignatchik S. Iu.
Ensuring of Reliability and Power Saving When Designing the Facilities for Wastewater Transporting
SUMMARY
Main propositions of methods of the designing of facilities for wastewater transporting, a collector – aeration station system as an example, at increased discharge of wastewater are considered. The consistency of substantiation of the decision ensuring that the system will guarantee reliable transporting and reduction of operation costs is presented. The numerical evaluation is limited with probabilistic [probability of no-failure operation P(t), intensity of failures λ and repairs μ] and parametric [output Q(t) and power consumption W(t)] indices of the system. The methods of calculation developed make it possible to substantiate technical decisions ensuring the reliability and power saving when reconstructing the facilities for wastewater transporting with due regard for requirements for human environment protection.
Key words
wastewater , reliability , power consumption , operation expenditures , pumping station , pumps characteristics
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UDC 62-83:628.156
Khokhryakov B. G.
Electric Drives for Valves with Protection against Flooding
SUMMARY
The principally new method of the protection of electric drives for valves against flooding developed by the Scientific Production Association Siberian Machine Builder Ltd. is offered. An electric drive is placed in a hermetic caisson, height of which eliminates the contact of water with the electric drive. If adjustment or setting-up of the electric drive is necessary the caisson is quickly dismantled and after completion of works it is returned to its place. To guarantee long-term operation of the caisson it is made of corrosion-proof steel. The application of this design in sewerage shifts increases many times the reliability of a mechanism of lifting-lowering of a sliding sluice gate and more than twice reduces operation costs.
Key words
sewerage pumping station , valves , electric drive , pipeline flooding , caisson
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About Water All Thoughts and Deeds
 SUMMARY
Николай Петрович Зимин (1849–1909) –
замечательный русский инженер и общественный деятель, благодаря которому Россия не только не уступала зарубежным странам в области городского водоснабжения, но и во многом их опережала.
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