UDC 620.356
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.01

Zoubov M. G., Vilson Elena, Litvinenko Viacheslav, Getmanskii Artem

Efficiency of using a commensalism-based bacterial consortium for the treatment of urea-containing wastewater

Summary

The results of studying biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing ammonium nitrogen, urea and methanol with free-floating activated sludge under anaerobic conditions are presented. Urobacteria use urea as a source of nitrogen. Building cell substance needs organic carbon; however, they cannot use either methanol, or urea as a carbon source. Methylotrophs use methanol as a carbon substrate and produce organic substances in the process of metabolism. Analysis of the specificity of the urobacteria metabolism and methylotrophs provides for assuming the capability of forming a consortium with establishing a specific type of relationship between them, i. e. commensalism. In practice, the assumption has been confirmed that biological treatment of industrial wastewater of a complex composition, containing urea, methanol and ammonium, is possible and feasible which makes the disposal of these pollutants an environmentally friendly and economically advantageous process.

Key words

ammonia nitrogen , industrial wastewater , redox potential , methanol , aeration tanks , urea , commensalism , stand unit for laboratory research , urobacteria , methylotrophs

UDC 628.2/.3:004.413.4
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.02

Zoubov M. G., Vilson Elena, Trushkova Ekaterina

Risk mitigation at the stage of developing technical specifications

Summary

Formulating a sound approach to mitigating the risks arising during upgrading (retechnologization) the existing wastewater treatment facilities or constructing new ones, involves considering the life cycle as a natural sequence of stages of ensuring environmental protection measures. Incomplete information on the facility at the stage of developing technical specifications entails unprofitable expenditure of funds for the construction or upgrade (retechnologization) of treatment facilities, which affects achieving the required efficiency of wastewater treatment. A matrix of risks with their point assessment is presented. The seriousness of the consequences in a qualitative representation is estimated in points by multiplying the weighting coefficient of the «cause of the event occurrence» by the weighting coefficient of the «probability of the cause occurrence». Analyzing the risk matrix provided for establishing that, in addition to natural disasters, the causes leading to unacceptable consequences include, among other things, the errors that occur while developing technical specifications. For the risk analysis the «bow-tie» method is considered with the indication of the barriers between causes and hazardous events, as well as hazardous events and their consequences. Thus, a correctly performed risk analysis at the early stages of the life cycle of the treatment facilities provides for both selecting a water treatment technology with a minimum set of unknown risks, and minimizing the anticipated costs of preventing emergency situations that arise.

Key words

sewerage treatment facilities , life cycle of the equipment , technical specifications , risk mitigation , risk matrix , «bow-tie» method of the risk analysis , proactive barriers , reactive barriers , risk management , risk realization consequences , risk mitigation measures

UDC 628.386:66.081.63
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.03

Zaplatin Vladislav, Litvinenko Viacheslav, Kozhukhova Evgeniia, Kadrevich Artem, Zoubov M. G.

Utilization of reverse osmosis concentrate to obtain commercial products of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride

Summary

The technology of evaporating concentrate of reverse osmosis process of Novoshakhtinsk wastewater with the purpose of obtaining commercial products of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride salts from is presented. The studies were conducted with model clear solutions for the development of process solutions to be implemented at the wastewater treatment facilities where wastewater with the salt content up to 3000 mg/dm³ was supplied. A process flow scheme with the methodology and description of the technological process of obtaining salts at the site of the Novoshakhtinsk wastewater treatment facilities is proposed. The results of several research stages are presented, the nuances of the technological process are described, the crystallization temperature from +2.9 to +3.5°C is selected, and the obtained final salt products are compared with the requirements of regulatory documents. The recommended process flow scheme eliminating all shortcomings will provide for improving the purification efficiency and reliability of the operation of the treatment facilities. The implementation of the proposed technology helps to reduce operating costs and allows solving an important environmental problem, i. e. waste transformation into a secondary material resource.

Key words

concentrate , reverse osmosis , salt-content , permeate , sodium chloride , sodium sulfate , salt obtaining , vacuum evaporation unit , crystallization , secondary material resource

Matуushenko Evgeny, Petrova Liudmila, Lebedeva Aleksandra

Меры поддержки студентов отрасли водоснабжения и водоотведения на примере Союза Инженеров Живой Воды

Аннотация

На сегодняшний день все острее наблюдается нехватка специалистов в области водоснабжения и водоотведения не только в Российской Федерации, но и в странах СНГ. В нашей стране специализированных кафедр, готовящих выпускников только по водоснабжению и водоотведению, осталось 8, и примерно столько же по водо- и газоснабжению (объединенные программы). Поэтому каждый студент, обучающийся по специальности 08.03.01 и 08.04.01 «Водоснабжение и водоотведение» – большая ценность, и занятым в отрасли компаниям необходимо приложить все усилия для того, чтобы удержать будущие кадры в отрасли, вовлечь учащихся в научную и проектную деятельность, предоставить возможность для роста и дополнительного образования.

UDC 628.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.04

Lapin Pavel

History and development of the water supply and wastewater
disposal systems in Orel: problems and solutions

Summary

The history of establishing and developing the Orel water supply system from the beginning of its buildup is considered. A brief description of the state of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems is given. A detailed layout of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities is given. The stages of wastewater treatment prior to the effluent discharge into the Oka River are described. The main technical and technological problems are indicated: non-compliance of the degree of wastewater treatment with modern standards and a long service life of wastewater facilities (treatment facilities, pumping stations and sewers). A plan for the complete reconstruction of sewer networks and structures with federal co-financing has been proposed. The implementation of the proposed set of measures will reduce the discharge of pollutants into the Oka River.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater treatment , collector , water disposal , upgrade of the facilities

UDC 628.221
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.05

Volkov Sergei, Luk’ianchuk Maksim, Zhukova Anastasiia, Solokhin Anton, Kuz’min Valentin, Zhitenev A. I., Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A., Erofeev Vasilii, Kostenko I. G., IGNATCHIK V. S., Ignatchik S. Iu., Kuznetsova N. V., Seniukovich Mikhail, Eshchenko Andrei

Justification of the optimum alternative of the wastewater disposal system of St. Petersburg adapting to the conditions of the joint effect of urbanization and climate change
Part 3. Estimation of the economic efficiency of an automated wastewater management system

Summary

In order to adapt wastewater disposal systems to the joint effect of urbanization and climate change, traditional static measures are applied in global practice based on the use of «gray-green» technologies inclusive of dividing combined systems into separate ones, as well as dynamic solutions using real-time control – Real Time Control (RTC). The experience of implementation shows that none of the adaptation measures can provide for 100% efficiency. Therefore, overflows in wastewater disposal systems cannot be prohibited (this provision is enshrined in the legislation of almost all countries of the world). At the same time, the RTC strategy is the most cost-effective measure, however, limited in efficiency (20–30%). Therefore, in case the efficiency of RTC measures is insufficient, combining them with intermediate storage tanks is advisable. In this regard, an estimation of the economic efficiency of using an automated system for wastewater disposal management in St. Petersburg in real time was carried out. The main method of research was hydraulic dynamic modeling, with estimating: the efficiency of the storage tank control in real time; the efficiency of transferring wastewater between three sewer zones of St. Petersburg in real time, taking into account the parameter characterizing the uneven rainfall distribution areally.

Key words

surface runoff disposal system , flooding , adaptation measures , automated wastewater management system

UDC 628.336.3
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.06

Kichigin V. I., Iudin Aleksandr

Experimental and statistical models of the water yielding capacity of domestic wastewater sludge after chemical treatment

Summary

The results of studying the change in the specific resistance of wastewater sludge after treatment with a coagulant and flocculant in doses from 0 to 300 mg/dm³ are presented. The degree of the chemical effect on the sludge dewatering efficiency is established. Mathematical models of the changes in the sludge specific resistance depending on the type and quantity, as well as on the doses of coagulant and flocculant added into the sludge are obtained. The mathematical models are presented both implicitly and explicitly (calculation formulas and isolines). It was proved that to provide for the maximum reduction of the specific resistance: of raw sludge using a coagulant dose of up to 100 mg/dm³ and a PAA flocculant dose of 300 mg/dm³ was more expedient; of excess activated sludge – using a coagulant dose of 150 mg/dm³ and a PAA flocculant dose of 50 mg/dm³; of thickened activated sludge – using a coagulant dose of 100 mg/dm³ and a PAA flocculant dose of 300 mg/dm³; and of mixture of raw sludge and thickened activated sludge – using a PAA flocculant dose of 200 mg/dm³. Measuring the sludge density showed that the lower is the sludge specific resistance, the higher its density is.

Key words

sludge , optimal dose of chemicals , mathematical and graphic models of sludge water yielding capacity , sludge specific resistance , density

UDC 628.2/.4:628.221
DOI 10.35776/VST.2025.05.07

Menshutin Iurii

Method for optimizing volume-flow parameters of rainwater treatment facilities in residential and social-business areas (1^st type surface runoff)

Summary

The main provisions of developing the method for the optimization calculation of volume-flow parameters of the treatment facilities for surface (rainwater) runoff of the 1^st type generated in residential and social-business areas, as well as on industrial sites, the runoff from which does not contain significant quantities of pollutants with toxic properties are presented. It is shown that the use of the proposed method with account of the data on the actual series of rains and periods between runoff-generating precipitation over a long-term period, allows reducing the design capacity of the treatment facilities by more than one and a half to two times with a corresponding reduction in capital and operating costs provided full compliance with the requirements of the current design rules and provisions of sanitary and environmental legislation. The method may be relevant for investors in industrial, civil and environmental construction, design organizations, construction and environmental assessment bodies, especially given the implementation of large-scale programs for the development and upgrade of storm water drainage systems in the Russian Federation.

Key words

accumulating tank capacity , capacity of treatment facilities , surface runoff of the 1st and 2nd type , annual series of daily precipitation layers and rainwater runoff