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UDC 628.35:661.5
Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Agarev Anton, KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., Aseyeva V. G.
Anammox – an advanced technology of nitrogen removal from wastewater
Summary
The first in Russia Anammox-type technology has been developed in «Mosvodokanal» JSC in cooperation with «Fundamental Principles of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The technology is designed for the treatment of filtrate of centrifuges for digested wastewater sludge dewatering. The technology is based on the microbiological process of ammonium oxidation with nitrite under anoxic conditions. Since this process does not require organics Anammox can be considered as the most economical technology for processing industrial effluents in which organic matter is absent or in deficiency, for example, effluents of nitrogen-fertilizer plants, livestock or poultry production farms etc. Besides, studies are carried out and Anammox technologies are being developed for wastewater treatment at low temperatures (cold Anammox) as well as for using this process in common wastewater (not nitrogen-concentrated) treatment (Anammox in the main process line). Since anammox-bacteria are easily separated from liquid (being a part of immobilized biofilms or granules) and can be adapted to a wide range of operating conditions, Anammox technology without any doubt is a promising technology of removing nitrogen from different wastewater.
Key words
wastewater , pilot plant , anammox , ammonium removal technology , dewatering centrifuge filtrate , livestock production wastes , chemical plant effluents , low temperature
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UDC 628.164-92:66.081.63
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.05.01
Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Kharitonov Nikolai, Shilov Mikhail, Savochkin Andrei, Riabchikov Boris
Purification of water with high permanent hardness and salinity
Summary
Chemical softening methods have been widely used in the practice of water treatment, primarily in the energetics and industry for softening, decarbonization and decoloration of water. In combination with reverse osmosis, they provide for preparing water of the required qualitative composition. In drinking water supply softening methods are used quite rarely due to a number of circumstances, such as the need to use various chemicals that are not typical for public water supply; generation of a large volume of sludge subject to subsequent processing, and, what is most important, resulting in highly alkaline water with pH of more than 10 unacceptable for drinking water. However, in case only but water sources with such a complex composition are available, then chemical methods have to be used. In Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC studies were carried out to obtain high-quality water from an underground source of uncharacteristic salt composition, with a high content of sulfates and low alkalinity, provided that the purification technology should generate minimum liquid waste. After testing several technology options in pilot plants, a scheme was proposed that met the requirements of the customer. It should be noted that underground water of the southern regions of the country has a partially similar salt composition, so the results of pilot tests can also be applied to obtain drinking water from similar sources.
Key words
reagent treatment , flow chart of treatment , reverse osmosis , desalination , hardness , pilot plant , sulphates , water , dynamic softening system , liming , sodium liming , soda softening , sludge blanket , dynamic softening system water conditioning
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.08.07
UDC 628.35:351.814.1
Kadrevich Artem, Vilson Elena, Litvinenko Viacheslav
Airport surface wastewater treatment
Summary
Nowadays the problem of pollution of surface wastewater from the territory of airports with aircraft anti-icing products (ethylene glycol) and products of anti-icing treatment of solid surfaces (formates and acetates) is gaining more and more publicity. The damage to water resources can no longer be hidden, since the residents of residential area close to the airport pay attention to dying flora and fauna, changes in the color and smell of the rivers receiving discharged raw wastewater. The lack of understanding among engineering companies of how this problem can be solved gives no way to the airports to do this. An analysis of the world experience of airports related to the treatment of surface wastewater contaminated with ethylene glycol is given. The process flow scheme of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment developed by the process engineers of «ECOS» JSC, taking into account the regulatory requirements accepted in the Russian Federation, is presented.
Key words
biological treatment , bioreactor , surface runoff , pilot plant , biofilm , Center for Research and Education , ethylene glycol , airport , anti-icing liquid , anti-icing liquid , formate , acetate , synthetic media , laboratory setup
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.06.02
UDC 628.164
Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail
Development of a dynamic water softening system – DSS
Summary
Underground water sources with a high concentration of hardness salts are often used for drinking water supply. The known methods of softening result in the formation of a significant amount of liquid and solid waste – saline wastewater or sludge that cannot be subject to utilization. Chemical softening of drinking water in clarifiers is rarely used due to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the required and constant water temperature, to the complexity of installations and their maintenance. Since the 1990s, the technology of chemical softening in intensified reactors (vortex and in a blanket) has been widely used in drinking water supply. Such apparatuses have been widely used in Europe and the USA. Currently, Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC has been working on the development and study of this reactor type. They have a high specific capacity – 50–100 m3/(m2·h) and are much easier to maintain compared to clarifiers. The capacity of such equipment reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. Their main advantage is the absence of liquid discharges, generation of solid waste, which can be subject to utilization, as well as an almost 100% yield of
clean water.
Key words
potable water , pilot plant , chemical water softening , calcic pellets , fluidized bed , intensified reactor , dynamic softening system , contact media blanket
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UDC 628.349.08
FESENKO L. N., Ignatenko S. I., Tcherkesov A. Yu., Kostyukov V. P.
Improving the technology of strong sulfide wastewater treatment
Summary
The theoretically justified ways of improving the technology of deactivation of sulfide-alkaline wastewater generated in the tannery process cycle, during gas production, oil refining etc. are suggested. The development of ferro-catalytic sulfide oxidation with atmospheric oxygen regeneration of iron hydroxide that is circulating in the wastewater treatment process is a perspective direction in the management of recycled technology potential that ensures complete elimination of industrial emissions of hydrogen sulfide to the environment.
Key words
utilization , sulfide-alkaline wastewater , sulfides , pilot plant , sulfide-alkaline wastewater , regeneration
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UDC 628.35:661.5
KOZLOV M. N., Nikolaev Yu. A., Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Aseyeva V. G., Gavrilin A. M., Agarev Anton, Pimenov N. V., Kallistova A. Iu.
Development of the first in Russia Anammox type technology
Summary
The first in Russia Anammox type technology has been developed in «Mosvodokanal» JSC in cooperation with «Fundamental principles of biotechnology» Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences with support from RF Ministry of Education and Science. The technology is designed for the purification of filtrate of centrifuges that dewater digested wastewater sludge. Anammox technology is based on the microbiological process of ammonium oxidation with nitrite under anoxic conditions. This process has been implemented at more than 100 wastewater treatment facilities all over the world in various technologic options. This group of technologies is the most cost-effective and high developing biotechnology of nitrogen removal from wastewater. Anammox type technology has been implemented at the pilot plant that provides for the purification of dewatering centrifuge filtrate. In terms of the process parameters the developed technology can be compared to the foreign alternatives but adapted to the conditions of the Liuberetskie Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Moscow. Single reactor process is carried out at 30–37 °С with new anammox-bacteria. From the economic, technologic and environmental point of view Anammox technology is very attractive compared to the traditional options of biological nitrogen removal. Anammox process lacks the demand in organic matter; whereas the oxygen demand is reduced by 60% resulting in significant energy saving. It can be applied at the wastewater treatment facilities both in Russia and overseas.
Key words
wastewater , pilot plant , anammox bacteria , ammonium removal technology , large-scale bioreactor , dewatering centrifuge filtrate
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.03.02
UDC 628.164
Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shapovalov Dmitrii, Kharitonov Nikolai, Shilov Mikhail
Comparison of the options of systems for adjusting the salt composition of water from underground sources
Summary
Underground water sources with a high content of hardness salts are often used for drinking water supply. To achieve drinking water quality reducing its hardness is required. Known methods of softening result in the formation of a significant amount of liquid and solid wastes, i. e. mineralized wastewater or sludge that cannot be disposed of. Chemical water softening in clarifiers is used quite rarely owing to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the constant required water temperature, and the complexity and maintenance of the equipment. In the 1990s, the technology of chemical softening in intensified reactors (vortex and blanket) was developed that gained widespread use in drinking water supply. Such units are quite frequently used in Europe and USA. At present Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company JSC is taking on the task of designing and testing reactors of this type. They have a high specific output of 50–100 m3/(m2·h), and their maintenance is much easier compared to clarifiers. The capacity of such plants reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. Their main advantage is the elimination of liquid discharges and generation of solid wastes that can subject to utilization, while the yield of clean water is about 100%.
Key words
potable water , reverse osmosis , suspended layer , pilot plant , chemical softening , water softening , contact media , calcic pellets , fluidized bed , intensified reactor , dynamic softening system , sodium cycle
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