UDC 628.164-92:66.081.63
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.05.01
Kasatochkin A. S., Larionov S. Iu., Kharitonov Nikolai, Shilov Mikhail, Savochkin Andrei, Riabchikov Boris
Purification of water with high permanent hardness and salinity
Summary
Chemical softening methods have been widely used in the practice of water treatment, primarily in the energetics and industry for softening, decarbonization and decoloration of water. In combination with reverse osmosis, they provide for preparing water of the required qualitative composition. In drinking water supply softening methods are used quite rarely due to a number of circumstances, such as the need to use various chemicals that are not typical for public water supply; generation of a large volume of sludge subject to subsequent processing, and, what is most important, resulting in highly alkaline water with pH of more than 10 unacceptable for drinking water. However, in case only but water sources with such a complex composition are available, then chemical methods have to be used. In Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company, JSC studies were carried out to obtain high-quality water from an underground source of uncharacteristic salt composition, with a high content of sulfates and low alkalinity, provided that the purification technology should generate minimum liquid waste. After testing several technology options in pilot plants, a scheme was proposed that met the requirements of the customer. It should be noted that underground water of the southern regions of the country has a partially similar salt composition, so the results of pilot tests can also be applied to obtain drinking water from similar sources.
Key words
reagent treatment , flow chart of treatment , reverse osmosis , desalination , hardness , pilot plant , sulphates , water , dynamic softening system , liming , sodium liming , soda softening , sludge blanket , dynamic softening system water conditioning
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UDC 628.32
Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Shilov Mikhail, Kasatochkin A. S., Zhadan A. V., Savochkin Andrei
Commercial tests of VTI-M high-rate horizontal clarifier enhanced with microsand
Summary
For the adjustment of enhanced coagulation technology on industrial scale a commercial VTI-M plant has been designed for the purification of surface and waste water as well as storm run-off. The design capacity of the plant is up to 300 m3/h. Enhancing the impurity sedimentation process is achieved using fine-grained sand weighting agent. Its subsequent washing off of the sludge is carried out in a pulse column which provides for reducing significantly the amount of secondary waste compared to the known analogues. The development of a new horizontal type clarifier was carried out on the basis of previous laboratory, pilot and experimental-industrial studies. VTI-M commercial clarifier consistently provides for the high quality clarified water that fully meets the requirements for the composition and quality of water supplied for ion-exchange desalination. During the testing period water was supplied for production needs. The use of the equipment package allows obtaining high quality water while reducing the consumption of acids and alkalis which in turn will reduce the discharge of salt waste and thereby reduce the harmful impact on the environment.
Key words
coagulation , coagulant , flocculant , microsand , enhanced treatment , sand recycling , water , commercial plant
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UDC 628.16.066.1:628.164-92
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.08.01
Bobinkin V. V., Vukolov Oleg, Gizzatullin Artur, Kasatochkin A. S., Kostylev Evgenii, Larionov S. Iu., Oliunin Sergei, Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Savochkin Andrei, Shilov Mikhail
Industrial horizontal intensified clarifier for water
softening/decarbonization by liming
Summary
Chemical softening methods have been widely used in the water treatment practice. As shown in the previous review, the chemistry of the process has remained unchanged over the past 100 years; however, the instrumentation of the process has changed. This equates to significantly increase the capacity and efficiency of the devices. Research work has been carried out on designing domestic intensified apparatus for softening/decarbonization of water by liming; and their introduction into industrial practice has started. Studies of the developed version of the multi-chamber horizontal clarifier with liming of Aquafloc type were carried out. The boundary parameters of the process of water liming with coagulation with iron salts were determined. It was established that the improved mixing, acceleration of chemical reactions and recirculation of carbonate sludge (seed) provide for the optimization of the sedimentation process to reduce the coagulant consumption and significantly improve the sludge characteristics. Essential advantages of the clarifier are as follows: smaller dimensions and metal consumption compared to classical clarifiers, as well as a short time to reach the operating mode. Thereby, an Aquafloc clarifier can be delivered to the site ready assembled, ready-to-use and with anti-corrosion protection that significantly reduces the time and cost of assembling at the facility. The concentration of dry matter in sludge reaches 8%. In comparison with the existing VTI-630 clarifiers, Aquafloc clarifier showed similar results in terms of chemical parameters and the best in terms of the concentration of suspended solids. In terms of water consumption for own needs, the clarifier turned out to be at the level of VTI apparatus that have a total blowdown volume of 2–4%.
Key words
coagulation , suspended layer , hardness , enhanced treatment , water , mixing , chemical water softening , liming , horizontal clarifier
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UDC 628.16.066.1:628.164-92
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.03.03
Savochkin Andrei, Kasatochkin A. S., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Larionov S. Iu., Gizzatullin Artur
Designing horizontal clarifiers and studying the efficiency of the water liming process
Summary
Chemical softening methods have been widely used in water treatment. As shown in the previous review, the chemistry of the process has remained unchanged for the past 100 years; however, the instrumentation has changed. This provides for increasing significantly the capacity of the devices and their efficiency. Mediana-Filter R&P JSC carried out research on the development of domestic intensified devices. The studies were carried out in a small-scale laboratory three-chambered horizontal clarifier with a lamellar settling tank and in a pilot clarifier with a variable chamber volume. The optimal procedure of introducing chemicals, the minimum and optimal residence time of water in the clarifier chambers have been determined. The achieved rate of the upward flow in the zone of clarification in the boundary conditions was 25 m/h. The data obtained was taken as a basis ground for designing industrial apparatuses.
Key words
suspended layer , hardness , water , mixing , chemical water softening , liming , horizontal clarifier
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.02.02
UDC 628.164
Larionov S. Iu., Panteleev Aleksei, Riabchikov Boris, Kasatochkin A. S.
Chemical water softening systems with a contact media blanket
(a review)
Summary
Chemical softening of drinking water is used quite rarely due to the difficulty of preparing chemicals, maintaining the required and constant water temperature, complicated design and maintenance of the installations under the conditions of a water intake. A particular problem is waste utilization. In the middle of the last century, so-called vortex reactors with contact media began to be used that had a significantly higher capacity and did not require water heating. In the reactors solid granules of carbonate are generated, which is equivalent to the modern concept of zero liquid discharge, i. e., closed cycle technology. In Russia, they were designed at VNII VODGEO; however, did not gain widespread use. The next step was the development of reactors with fluidized bed of contact media. These apparatuses are widely used in Europe and the USA. At present, Mediana-Filter SPC, JSC is busy with designing and studying such reactors. They have a high specific capacity – 50–100 m3/(m2·h) – and are much easier to operate and maintain than clarifiers. The capacity of the plants reaches thousands of cubic meters per hour. The review considers the stages of development, ways of improving the reactors, their advantages and disadvantages.
и существенно проще в обслуживании, чем осветлители. Производительность установок достигает тысяч кубометров в час. В обзоре рассмотрены стадии развития, пути усовершенствования реакторов, их преимущества и недостатки.
Key words
suspended layer , microsand , water , commercial plant , chemical water softening , contact media , vortex reactor , calcic pellets , fluidized bed
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UDC 628.16.066.1:628.164-92
DOI 10.35776/VST.2023.01.04
Riabchikov Boris, Panteleev Aleksei, Larionov S. Iu., Savochkin Andrei, Shilov Mikhail, Kasatochkin A. S.
Current state of the development of installations for water softening/decarbonization by liming (a review)
Summary
Chemical softening methods have been widely used in water treatment to reduce hardness and decarbonize water. The chemistry of the process has remained unchanged for the last 100 years, however, the instrumentation and some nuances of the technology are changing, i. e., the use of devices (lamellar blocks) for stabilizing flow and improving sludge settling, the use of flocculants and introduction of sludge formation centers (recirculation of activated sludge, microsand), etc. A separate method is the adoption of horizontal multi-chamber apparatus with mechanical mixing. This method provides for increasing significantly the capacity and efficiency of the apparatus. Modern ways of development of such apparatus and technologies in the Russian Federation and overseas are considered.
Key words
suspended layer , hardness , water , mixing , chemical water softening , liming , installations
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UDC 66.021.3:66.069.84
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.07.01
Riabchikov Boris, Larionov S. Iu., Kasatochkin A. S., Gizzatullin Artur, Panteleev Aleksei
Advanced solutions for aeration, deaeration-degassing and decarbonization processes
Summary
The processes of saturating water with oxygen and removing highly soluble oxygen and poorly soluble gases, such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, radon are widely used in industry, energetics, municipal and individual water treatment. For these purposes, many designs of devices based on different operating principles are offered. JSC Research and Production Company Mediana-Filter is the only one in the Russian Federation that has developed and successfully used a series of vacuum ejection devices of different capacities for most of these purposes in its projects. A complex of vacuum ejection devices of different unit capacities has been developed – from 1 to 125 m3/h for aeration, deaeration-degassing and decarbonization, i. e., air stripping after heating, removing carbon dioxide generated by reverse osmosis and ion exchange units, removing dissolved gases – hydrogen sulfide, radon and chlorinated organics. It helps to design an effective and economical complex of industrial installations of various purposes and capacities.
Key words
vacuum , deferrization , aeration , water treatment , degasification , decarbonization , ejector , water , air , deaeration , oxygen saturation
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