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UDC 347.9:502.65

Rozental O. M., Averbukh A. I.

The procedure of arbitration water control

Summary

Measurement errors cause unavoidable differences between the actual and measured values of the investigated water parameters; from whence it is not possible to guarantee different laboratories, e.g. industrial and public water control, getting identical results. The procedure of evaluating and comparing the risks of getting false water quality reports by the two independent parties is suggested. On the basis of the procedure a method of resolving arbitration cases was developed provided the measurement results being compatible. Possible accounting for non-compatible results is considered including the use of reserve samples of the investigated water, standard samples or reference laboratories. Complete elimination of arbitration cases requires carrying out quality control by a single party concerned. It is shown that in this case the proper control is ensured on condition that «the principle of distributed priorities» is applied.

Key words

potable water quality , measurement inaccuracy , water control , environmental protection , laboratory analysis , arbitration

UDC 628.1/.3:556.3

Filianskii Ignat, TIMOFEEVA E. A.

Heritage and modernity

Summary

The history of the establishment and development of NII VODGEO JSC – one of the biggest state water research centers in the country in the changing political and economic conditions from the moment the institute was founded until the 2020s – is briefly outlined. The stages of the emergence and development of DAR/VODGEO JSC – an integrated design and survey, research and production enterprise for water supply, wastewater disposal, hydraulic engineering, engineering hydrogeoecology and environmental protection, that was founded in the early 1990s on the basis of NII VODGEO for the practical application of the Institute scientific studies. The up-to-date information on the activities of NII VODGEO and DAR/VODGEO Group is provided.

Key words

water supply , water disposal , environmental protection , hydraulic engineering , engineering hydrogeoecology , NII VODGEO , DAR/VODGEO

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UDC 628.316

Strelkov A. K., Sargsyan A. M., Pobegailo A. B.

Surface runoff treatment from urban territories and adjacent railway utility lines

Summary

Surface runoff has been one of the main pollutants of the environment alongside with domestic and industrial wastewater. Surface runoff constituting filtrate from railway bed is highly toxic and shall be subject to special decontamination before discharge into water bodies. The studies are aiming at the development and selection of the optimal method from the point of efficiency, cost effectiveness and ease of using the technology of surface runoff treatment from residential territories of Samara and adjacent railway. The problems of purification of surface runoff from railway bed and adjacent residential territories of Samara are considered through the example of discharge into the Depovskii gully. During the study samples of wastewater were taken and analyzed to estimate the composition of pollution. Basing on the analysis results several options of surface runoff treatment with the use of different technologies are considered. The improved process flow scheme that provides for 85–90% efficiency of surface runoff treatment is proposed provided its implementation is economically feasible. The given technology shall be implemented with its upgrade to complete purification.

Key words

surface runoff , environmental protection , rainfall runoff , sorption treatment , оsludge treatment and utilization

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.07.02
UDC 626.812

Lapin Pavel

Surface waters of the Orel Region rivers and their main pollutants

Summary

The results of a study of the qualitative composition of surface waters in the basin of the main rivers of the Orel Region (Oka, Dnieper and Don) that revealed critical pollution of the surface waters with phenols in most rivers, negligible – with nitrite nitrogen, no excess of MPC for iron was found, with the exception of the Dnieper River basin. To reduce the degree of pollution of the surface waters, a program of budgetary support of the water supply and wastewater disposal enterprises shall be provided to enhance the transition to the best available technologies for wastewater treatment; the cooperation with neighboring regions shall be improved; monitoring of the main pollutants of the water bodies in the Orel region shall be carried out; and the technological control of economic entities shall be executed considering their negative impact on the water bodies.

Key words

treatment facilities , wastewater , oil products , phenols , surface water , environmental protection

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UDC 628.15:504.054

Danilovich Dmitrii, Dovlatova E. V.

State of the system of regulating discharges of pollutants
and improvement of water body protection mechanisms

Summary

The suggestions on amending the basic principles of effluent discharge regulations are presented including: abolition of the «zero impact» principle (the requirement to meet MPC in water bodies irrespective of their actual state and technical capacities); waiving the use of MPC as a regulation basis and applying MPC for monitoring and analysis, as a guide in water quality management in water bodies; drawing the industrial branch inventories of regulated and chargeable pollutants; permitting the discharge of unlisted (undefined by standard analyses) substances for which no MPCs have been developed provided the effluent toxicity standard and other aggregate parameters have been met. The suggested system of catchment area-technological regulation that does not use the instruments of permissible discharge regulations and limits is described. It is concluded that the state has to take the control over water basins as opposed to the present onlooker position. It is suggested to unbureacratize drastically the procedure of issuing pollution discharge permits and introduce open-ended permits (potentially hazardous objects); to issue environmental permits using «one-stop» principle (including sanitary, fishery waters aspects etc.); to combine the procedures of environmental impact assessment and discharge permit issue. Limiting with subsequent banning the use in the products (manufactured and imported) of substances either environmentally harmful or increasing the load on wastewater treatment facilities, in the first instance phosphate-containing washing powders is suggested. It is suggested to revise the Russian legal framework related to the given aspect. The need for developing and adopting the legislation «On the protection of water bodies from wastewater pollution», «On the comprehensive monitoring and protection from pollution», «On limiting and banning the use of separate substances producing negative impact on water bodies» is substantiated.

Key words

wastewater , legislation , environmental protection , regulation of pollutant discharges , water pool