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Number 9 / 2022
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.01
UDC 628.166.094.3(477.75)
Skryabin A. Yu.
Ecological safety of Crimea: advanced technologies
of water management complexes
Summary
The main problems of the Crimean water supply are related to the shortage of drinking water, low technological and sanitary reliability of water treatment systems, the lack of a sufficient number of demineralization, softening and disinfecting water plants in the shoreland and rural areas, and the unsatisfactory state of the water distribution network and treatment facilities. In the circumstances concerned, an urgent task is to provide the population of Crimea with high-quality drinking water when increasing the environmental safety of the operation of engineering and water management complexes, including facilities, plants and installations for the treatment and disinfection of natural and waste water. The aspects and ways of solving the problems of recycling and reusing as a commercial product the concentrate of desalination and water softening plants, as well as electrolysis wastes of sodium hypochlorite production at the water treatment facilities for water disinfection are considered. Environmentally friendly technological solutions for the operation of the plants for chemical softening, reverse osmosis and sodium hypochlorite production from aqueous solutions of common salt are recommended.
Key words
disinfection , sodium hypochlorite , desalination , decarbonization , chemical softening , water scarcity , no-waste technology
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.02
UDC 574.635
Rublevskaya O. N., Lysova Tat’iana
The experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» in developing programs for improving the environmental efficiency
Summary
The experience of developing programs for improving the environmental efficiency in the context of the requirements for their development and approval by the Interdepartmental Commission under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation for the facilities of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» is presented: the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, Northern Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Southwestern Treatment Facilities. The following issues have been accentuated: the specific features of developing programs for improving the environmental efficiency for water and wastewater utilities operating public wastewater disposal systems in settlements and urban districts that discharge effluents into the Baltic Sea catchment basin; the required dates for developing and approving the programs. Attention is drawn to the need for strict compliance with the requirements to the program components. Particularly noted are the nuances of comparing the actual quality of discharged effluents in relation to the technologically regulated substances with selected process parameters of the best available technology. Examples of the analytical evaluation of the choice of indicator values and technological solutions for the stages of the program activities are given. The focus is drawn toward the need to analyze all the best available technologies regulated by the adopted information and technical reference books. The aspects of highlighting the results of the inventory of pollution discharges in the programs are indicated.
Key words
best available techniques , HELCOM recommendations , technological indicators , technologically regulated substances , program for improving the environmental efficiency , public wastewater disposal system , complex ecological permit
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.03
UDC 628.112.24:622.245.71
Opryshko B. A., Shvetsov V. A., Belavina O. A.
Unified head for the observation wells of drinking groundwater deposits
Summary
The authors of the article have developed a unified head of an observation well of drinking groundwater deposits, equipped with telemetric transmitting stations. This device was tested in the observation wells of the Avachinsky water intake of the Elizovski deposit of drinking groundwater (Kamchatka Krai). The results of measurements of the air temperature in the well showed that the thermal insulation casing prevented the occurrence of negative temperatures inside the ground part of the well thus providing for the reliable functioning of the power cells of the telemetry station in the autumn-winter period. A protective cover provided for the protection of the thermal insulation from the impact of ultraviolet radiation and moisture during the testing period.
Key words
observation well , underground drinking water intake , observation well head , parameter control , telemetry transmitting station , lithium battery
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.04
UDC 628.35
Kevbrina M. V., Dorofeev A. G., Agarev Anton
Comparison of the results of calculating aeration tanks according to different methods (for discussion)
Summary
The calculation results are compared according to the method described in the book by D. A. Danilovich and A. N. Epov «Calculation and technological design of processes and facilities for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater», and the method given in the book «Wastewater technology. Processing and recovery of resources» (fifth edition, Metcalf & Addy), in a model unit, for which earlier in the article by V. N. Shvetsov, S. V. Stepanov and O. V. Khar’kina «Comparison of the calculation results for aeration tanks using the NII VODGEO/SamGTU and ASM2d models» calculations had been made according to the method of NII VODGEO/SamGTU and following the model developed by ASM2d. It is shown that calculations based on the equations of enzymatic kinetics and microbial growth (NII VODGEO/SamGTU, ASM2d and Metcalf & Addy) give similar results in terms of the volume of aeration tanks with the «tabular» method based on the German standard ATV-DVWK-A131E and revised taking into account the growth kinetics of nitrifying microorganisms. The difference in approaches gives different results as for the age of activated sludge; however, the final results of the volumes of aeration tanks and zones in them have discrepancies that do not exceed 15–20%. Simulation of the operation of aeration tanks in BioWin-3 program, designed on ASDM model that is essentially close to the ASM group of activated sludge models, with zone volumes calculated using different methods, showed a similar calculated quality of effluent. This confirms the possibility of any of the considered methods to adequately calculate the volumes of aeration tanks. The choice of the calculation method for each specific case depends on the availability and ease of use of the methodology, as well as on the personal preferences of the designer.
Key words
nitrification , denitrification , aeration tank , wastewater biological treatment , anaerobic zone , theoretical and empirical mathematical models , comparative calculation of the biological treatment facilities , technological calculation methods , anoxic zone
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.05
UDC 628.35
Stepanov S. V., Avdeenkov Pavel, Ponomarenko Ol’ga, MOROZOVA K. M.
Results of studies of biological wastewater treatment of an egg processing enterprise
Summary
Biological treatment of wastewater of an enterprise for enhanced processing of chicken eggs in a batch reactor (SBR) has been studied. The treatment of both raw and pre-coagulated wastewater under aerobic and anoxic-aerobic conditions was studied in a 5-liter experimental unit for four months. In the course of the experiment in the treatment of raw wastewater with an average COD sludge load of 0.18 g/(g·day), average concentrations of pollution in the effluent were obtained, mg/l: COD – 253, BODtotal – 58.4, suspended solids – 11, ammonia nitrogen – 2.1, nitrite nitrogen – 0.06. The average values of the specific rate of oxidation of organic substances as COD, normalized to 20°С, amounted to 9.8 mg/(g·h); as BODtotal 7.2 mg/(g·h). While operating SBR with wastewater after physical and chemical treatment, with an average COD load of sludge of 0.15 g/(g·day), the effluent was characterized by the following average values, mg/l: COD – 99; BODtotal – 15.4; suspended solids – 10; N–NH4 – 1; N–NO2 – 0.04. The average values of the specific rate of oxidation of organic substances as COD at 20°С turned out to be 8.3 mg/(g·h) and as BODtotal – 5.7 mg/(g·h). The concentrations of nitrogen nitrates in the effluent in two anoxic phases in the SBR cycle averaged as follows: during raw wastewater treatment – 21.7 mg/l, and during pre-coagulated wastewater treatment – 15 mg/l.
Key words
wastewater , biological treatment , food industry , egg processing enterprise , batch reactor
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.06
UDC 628.316
Belov S. G., Naumchik G. O.
The use of ozone to reduce the color intensity of textile wastewater
Summary
The relevance of the development of effective methods for the destruction of dyes in the wastewater of consumer goods industry is increasing due to the severization of the requirements to the aquatic environment protection. The mechanisms of interaction of ozone with unsaturated and aromatic organic compounds in aqueous solutions are considered. Special focus is placed on the interaction of ozone with azo dyes. A detailed procedure for carrying out experimental studies is given, that provide for accurate dosing of ozone into the reaction mixture. The data of experimental studies are presented that are indicative of the effectiveness of using ozone for the destruction of dyes in model solutions. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of using ozone compared to the reducing agents to reduce color intensity of dye solutions. Specific doses of ozone have been preliminarily determined to reduce color intensity of solutions of some synthetic dyes to standard values.
Key words
wastewater , ozone , textile industry , azo dyes , color intensity
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.09.07
UDC 628.16.081.32
Ahmed Sameh Abdelfattah Araby, Gogina Elena
Study of the competitive adsorption of a mixture of phenol and ammonia nitrogen on activated carbon
Summary
Phenol and ammonia nitrogen are considered typical pollutants present in industrial wastewater from various industries. Application of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a mathematical model for the simultaneous adsorption of phenol and ammonia nitrogen on activated carbon. The combined effect of pH, carbon doses, the initial concentration of phenol, and the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen on the efficiency of adsorption was studied. Simulation using RSM gave a nontransformed quadratic model for phenol removal and a square root transformed linear model for ammonia nitrogen removal. The results of the study showed a positive effect of increasing the carbon dose on the adsorption of phenol, while an increase in the initial concentration of phenol had a negative effect on the efficiency of its adsorption. Almost complete removal of phenol was achieved within 90 minutes at pH4. In addition, the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen improved with increasing pH and carbon dose. The presence of ammonia nitrogen adversely affected the removal of phenol with pH increasing. However, the presence of phenol does not affect the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen.
Key words
wastewater , simulation , phenols , adsorption , ammonia nitrogen , activated carbon
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