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UDC 628.311

Vereshchagina Lidiia

Calculating the capacity of surface runoff treatment facilities  in the context of the environmental legislation reform

Summary

The regulatory documents – federal laws, RF Government Decrees and Environmental Protection Department orders are presented that were brought into force with the purpose of reforming the environmental legislation with regard to the protection of water bodies from wastewater pollution. Their great importance for water users is noted because the adopted regulatory documents determine the relationships between water and wastewater utilities and the customers of the public wastewater disposal systems; regulate the procedure of determining the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged by water and wastewater utilities into water bodies, the procedure of determining on their basis the permissible pollutant concentrations discharged by the customers; and confirm the basic principles of estimating and charging for the negative impact on the environment including violation of the permissible discharge standards. Special attention is paid to RF Ministry of Natural Resources order No. 339 of July 29, 2014 related to making amendments to «The methods of developing the standards of permissible pollutant and microorganisms discharges to water bodies for water users» (2007). New «Guidelines for designing the systems of collection, removal and treatment of surface runoff from habitable territories, industrial sites, and determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies» developed by «NII VODGEO»» OJSC in 2014 as a Supplement to Building Code SP 32.13330.2012. «Sewer system. Public utilities. Revised edition of SNiP 2.04.03-85» are discussed. The specific features of calculating the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants applied to the outlets of surface effluents ge­nerated on habitable territories and industrial sites are noted. The improved methods of calculating daily melt water amounts removed for treatment and the capacity of the treatment facilities are presented.

Key words

standard of allowable discharge , pollutants , surface runoff , environmental legislation , capacity of treatment facilities

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UDC 628.166.094.3

FESENKO L. N., Ignatenko S. I., Pchel'nikov I. V.

Improving the technology of sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis

Summary

An alternative method of low concentrated sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis in substitution for sodium hypochlorite produced by the traditional technology from table white salt solution is considered. The results of studying sodium hypochlorite production by electrolysis of the natural Black Sea water, model Black Sea water in comparison with 3% table white salt solution are presented. The effect of physical and chemical parameters of seawater electrolysis on the amount of generated active chlorine was experimentally investigated. The chemical composition and structure of cathodic deposits formed with time during the electrolysis of seawater, decarbonated seawater and 3% table white salt solution were determined. Comparative evaluation of corrosion and electrochemical characteristics of metal-oxide anode coatings (oxide ruthenium-titanium anodes and oxide iridium-ruthenium-titanium anodes) at seawater and 3% NaCl solution is presented. The expediency of producing sodium hypochlorite by seawater electrolysis was experimentally confirmed and the optimal process conditions were determined. The optimal composition of metal-oxide anode coatings used in low concentrated sodium hypochlorite by seawater electrolysis was determined. Based on the results of research and experimental studies the recommendations for the selection of process flow schemes of sodium hypochlorite production by seawater electrolysis in circulating and flow operation modes were prepared, and the sound fields of their application were justified. The technical and economic assessment of the recommended technology was carried out.

Key words

disinfection , sodium hypochlorite , electrolysis , sea water , gaseous chlorine , oxide ruthenium-titanium anode , iridium-ruthenium-titanium anode

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UDC 628.161.2:546.72/.711

Askerniia A. A., Korabel'nikov L. V., Moiseev A. V., Geras'kov S. S., Pavliuchenko D. I., Bodiagin A. O.

Special aspects of choosing the methods of single-stage deironing and demanganization of underground waters

Summary

Special aspects of choosing the methods of deironing and demanganization of underground water depending on the physical, chemical and microbiological properties in a single-stage water treatment process are described. The method of removing excessive concentrations of iron and manganese shall be chosen in the process of studies at the pre-project phase of front-end engineering and design. For underground water containing apart from manganese also iron mainly as oxides, the physical and chemical methods that combine pretreatment of raw water with a strong oxidant (sodium hypochlorite, ozone etc.) and subsequent filtration through chemically active material are most acceptable. Biological method of water deironing and demanganization is conditioned by the presence of microbiocenosis with the life cycle associated with the processes of iron and manganese oxidation in the ecosystem of the treatment facilities. The procedures of filter media inoculation with Crenothrix and Siderocapsa – Arthrobacter bacterial cultures are described. Based on the experience of operating «Vostochnyi-2» facilities for underground drainage water deironing and demanganization with a capacity of 25,000 m3/day in Krasnodar the use of the physical and chemical method of water treatment was justified. The results of operating a water treatment plant in «Yuzhnyi» settlement of Barnaul city show the efficiency of the biological method of underground water deironing and demanganization conditioned by the presence of microbiocenosis with the life cycle associated with the processes of iron and manganese oxidation in the ecosystem of the treatment facilities.

Key words

ground water , iron , manganese , iron bacteria , single-stage deironing and demanganation , catalytically active filtering material

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УДК

Volkov D. B.

Скважинные насосы KSB для жизненно важных проектов в России

Аннотация

В 2014 году в г. Сочи Краснодарского края завершена реализация проекта строительства водозабора Адлерского участка Мзымтинского месторождения подземных вод.

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UDC 628.113.83

Kolesnikova T. V.

Sustainable municipal water supply with the help  of pneumatic barrier complexes at water intakes

Summary

The safety of water supply systems depends upon the sustainable operation of the water intakes. In the process of water abstraction from the surface water sources some problems may arise because of frazil ice events, low water levels, bottom sediments transport. Ice buildup including frazil slush clog the screens of the water receiving openings of the inlet head, gravity conduits and receiving chambers of the riverbank well interrupting water delivery to the customers. Such problems may arise not only in the direct stream and riverbank-based water intakes but also in forebay basin water intakes. However, they can be eliminated by installing upstream the inlet head or forebay basin intake a system of perforated pipes of a pneumatic barrier complex. Installing such complexes functioning as protecting structures against ice buildup and fish demonstrated their high efficiency. The presented formulae can be used for determining the parameters of compressed air that provides for the efficient operation of the pneumatic barrier complex.

Key words

water supply reliability , water intake structure , frazil ice , pneumatic barrier complex , protection efficiency

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UDC 628.356.1

Danilovich Dmitrii

The experience of improving and evaluating the efficiency of aeration systems

Summary

The experience of improving and evaluating the efficiency of aeration systems of the new line of the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities of the Moscow wastewater system is described. In the operation of the treatment line with a design capacity of 500,000 m3/day biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus used. Upon five years of operation Austrian-manufactured AQUASTRIP membrane type plate aerators were replaced with Russian-manufactured АR-420Т disk membrane systems. This provided for significant increa­sing wastewater flow to the new line. In the course of studies two methods of evaluation of the aeration system efficiency were compared: the classical approach of direct «gas cap» measurement and the calculation method. In order to implement the calculation method a technique of evaluating the actual aeration efficiency of aeration tanks was developed based on the fundamental principles of the mass balance of the treatment processes. This technique allows calculating the actual efficiency of oxygen utilization supplied to the aeration system from the actual operation data for any time interval and with regard to any aeration tank number. In the course of the experiment about 9% divergence of the results of the two methods was obtained which corresponded to the measurement errors accepted as a basis of the calculations. The measurements and calculations showed that the specific efficiency of oxygen dissolution was around 6% per 1 meter of the aerator immersion depth which complied with the information submitted by the manufacturer («Ecopolymer-M» CJSC), and by 30% higher than shown by AQUASTRIP aerators. The developed method can be used both in evaluating the aeration system efficiency for the certain wastewater treatment facilities and in making the intra-sectoral analysis (benchmarking). The calculated values of the atmospheric oxygen actual dissolution efficiency and power consumption per 1 kilogram of the actually dissolved oxygen are recommended for being used as the target indicators of the wastewater treatment facilities’ improvement instead of the generally accepted air consumption (power consumption) per 1 m3 of wastewater.

Key words

wastewater biological treatment , nutrients removal , diffused-air aeration , oxygen dissolution efficiency , calculation method

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UDC 628.179.2

PROHOROV E. I.

Recycled water systems in industrial water supply schemes

Summary

Water and energy conservation is one of the conditions of the successful operation of an industrial enterprise. Water balance developed with an account of the actual water and wastewater metering is a basis of ensuring the sustainable water use. The analysis of the water balance provides for reducing total discharge and water consumption in the production processes by establishing local process and cooling recycled water systems for separate workshops and installations. In this respect recovering recyclable material or commercial product from sludge and wastes is possible. In case secondary product recovering is not possible or economically impracticable the wastes are transferred to special utilities for utilization. The operability of the water recycling cooling systems can be restored by upgrading with the use of prefabricated small-scale cooling towers. Small-scale prefabricated cooling towers provide for recovering 115 thousand kcal/h of heat from 1 m² irrigated area. The examples of improving water supply and drainage systems of a number of industrial enterprises are given. An algorithm of improving industrial water supply and drainage systems is presented. Herewith one of the tasks is training of qualified personnel capable of addressing environmental security issues in combination with providing for the sustainable water supply of the industrial enterprise.

Key words

cooling tower , water management system , local recycled water cycle , successive water use , water balance

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UDC 628.24

Vasilyev V. M., Klementyev M. N., Stolbikhin Iu. V.

Methods of protecting tunnel sewers and in-line structures  from corrosion

Summary

Hundreds kilometers of tunnel sewers and in-line structures mostly made of reinforced concrete have been in operation in Russia. A pressing problem of their damage exists caused by microbiologic (gas) corrosion. Common and theoretical possible methods of protecting sewers and in-line structures from microbiologic corrosion are considered. The classification of methods with the use of foreign and domestic literary sources and from own operation experience was carried out. The classification is based on the principle of the method group capability compliance to counteract any mechanism occurring in the process of reinforced concrete structure corrosion. The methods have been summarized in four tables according to the processes occurring in sewers. The analysis of corrosion protection methods has been carried out; the main drawbacks of each method have been determined together with the conditions of using the methods at the stages of design and construction, operation and upgrade. Special attention is paid to the methods of passive protection most often used by water companies to solve the given problem. As a main method of passive protection the use of different protection coatings is considered. The results of studying the rigidity of the protection coatings made by various manufacturers under corrosive medium impact caused by the operation of a pressure suppression chamber in Novosibirsk are presented. The principle of the studies was long-term exposure of concrete samples with surface protection coatings. The possible use of two common trademarks for protecting underground reinforced concrete sewers from destruction was approved.

Key words

composite material , microbiologic corrosion , sewer shaft , tunnel sewer , corrosion control method , corrosion protection , passive protection

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УДК

Chubukova L. A., Salohina A. Ju.

Деловая поездка на объекты  водоснабжения и водоотведения Парижа

Аннотация

20 сентября 2014 г. на Международном инвестиционном форуме «Сочи–2014» было подписано соглашение о сотрудничестве между Министерством строительства и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Российской Федерации и международной французской компанией Veolia («Веолия»). Документ подписали глава Минстроя России Михаил Мень и управляющий директор группы Veolia в России Леонид Локшин.