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UDC 628.55(261.24)
Probirsky M. D., Rublevskaya O. N., Lysova Tat’iana
The contribution ofSUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg»to Russia fulfilling the international commitments on theBaltic Marine Environment Protection
Summary
To meet the recommendations of the Helsinki Commission on the Baltic Marine Environment Protection the experts of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» developed a 5–7 years rehabilitation program for the Ladoga and Onega Lakes basins. The program envisages construction of new or upgrade of the existing municipal and community wastewater treatment facilities; enhanced removal of toxic substances from wastewater at the industrial facilities; efficient processing of livestock and poultry farm wastes with the utilization of their useful properties and energy potential. The progress in implementing measures on abatement of discharging raw wastewater into the Gulf of Finland, upgrade and reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facilities, wastewater treatment efficiency improvement, particularly in relation to the technologies developed by the Universities of Cape Town (UCT) and Johannesburg (JHB) with the use of membrane aerators, mixers, nitrate recycling, and also to the European technology of chemical phosphorus precipitation is described. The dynamics of reducing nutrient loading on the St. Petersburg water bodies is presented. The positive effect of putting into operation the Main tunnel sewer has been achieved. The program of the municipal sewer rehabilitation has been developed and is now underway. The results of activities related to waste and toxic substances removal are presented. The works carried out will contribute to the prevention of the Gulf of Finland eutrophication.
Key words
sewer , biogenic elements , eutrophication , the Helsinki Commission , sludge incineration plant , geotubing
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UDC 628.2/.3:93/94
DOI 10.35776/VST.2024.11.01
Biriukov V. V., Egorova Yu. A., Strelkova T. A., Nesterenko O. I., Markina Marianna, Gavrilova Svetlana
History of the establishment and development of the sewer system of the city district of Samara
Summary
The history of establishing and developing the municipal sewer system in the city of Samara in the 19th century is presented. Following the construction of a public water supply system in 1886, a need for a public sewer system in Samara also arose; however, the City Council had been a long while considering the possibility of its construction due to the lack of finance for the construction of expensive structures. In 1906, the owner of the Zhigulevskii brewery, Alfred Filippovich Vakano, financed project drafting and held negotiations with V. G. Lindley, German engineer, who had extensive experience in the construction of sewer structures in Europe. In 1909, the City Council approved the Lindley’s project in full. By October 1909, a test section of the sewer system, four miles long, was built, and then the construction of the sewer system covered the entire city center. Commissioning of the municipal sewer network significantly improved the sanitary condition of Samara. The further development took place in the post-war years, and in the late 1960s the construction of the largest sewer complex in the country was launched in Samara (at that time the city of Kuibyshev). In 1974, the municipal wastewater treatment facilities were commissioned. In 2013, the specialists of Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy, LLC initiated the first reconstruction of the treatment facilities since they needed not just repairs, but a major upgrade. Following the first stage of the reconstruction, the treatment facilities modernization project was included in the Federal Project «The Volga Rehabilitation». Nowadays, the municipal wastewater treatment facilities are a safe and comfortable production environment.
Key words
reconstruction , water disposal system , construction , sewer , municipal wastewater treatment facilities , history of establishing the Samara sewer system , wastewater treatment plant , production standards , safety of the production processes
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UDC 628.23
Vasilyev V. M., Malkov A. V., Klementyev M. N.
Places of corrosive gas generation in the sewerage network
Summary
The factors that affect the generation of corrosive gases in the wastewater disposal system, saturation of the gas air environment with corrosive gases in sewers are considered. A number of structural components as well as hydraulic patterns of wastewater flow, its physical properties that enhance the gas generation processes are considered and described. The evaluation and prediction of the places of corrosive gas generation and emission provide for forecasting the measures focused on the reduction of the negative impact of emissions or their complete elimination. The operating services carry out regular sewer network monitoring with the purpose of detecting the places of emission generation. The future work of the services is limited to the isolation of corrosive gases by redistribution in the network, disposal into the atmosphere, neutralization or purification. The results of introducing the design of a pipe drop with a dead blanking in the lower part of the sewer shaft, ejector and pipe air vent are presented.
Key words
sewer , sewerage network , shaft , gas emission , corrosive gases , gas generation
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UDC 628.241
Lobanov A. A., Gromov A. A., Zhuravlev A. E.
The experience of constructing the extension of the main sewer in the northern part of St. Petersburg
Summary
The experience of constructing the extension of the main sewer in the northern part of Saint-Petersburg is presented. The works were carried out in a complex hydrological environment with the use of advanced tunneling machinery. Pressure-gravity drain siphon was chosen from the options considered. During the shaft construction both traditional methods (drilling freezing columns, shaft freezing with formation of glacial soil massive, boring in glacial soil shield with installation of immediate support of reinforced concrete tubing, construction of reinforced concrete jacket and technological shaft equipping), and new ones (shaft shielding with piled walls followed by drilling and constructing reinforced concrete jacket, shaft boring with shaft sinking machine and installing immediate support of segment blocks and sinking the whole support structure with shaft sinking) were used. In the process of constructing the main siphon tunnels boring with mechanized complexes with simultaneous assembling the immediate support of the tunnel with reinforced concrete tubing was used. At wash-out site in the process of boring the second line of the siphon an advanced tunnel-boring complex with hydroweight and hydrohaulage with constructing immediate support of the tunnel of segment blocks was used. To provide for the nonsilting flow rate in the sewer under the conditions of wastewater flow decrease a flow regulation facility was built in the lowest sewer point. The use of the advanced tunneling complex provided for shortening the timeline to completion of the sewer construction, ensuring leaktightness of the constructions and operations safety eliminating workers access to the tunnel face. Commissioning the extension of the sewer in the northern part of Saint-Petersburg provided for increasing wastewater treatment to 98.4%.
Key words
wastewater , monitoring , sewer , gas corrosion , shaft , tunneling complex , microtunnel
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UDC 628.248:678.026
Khrenov K. E., Khramenkov S. V., Fedunets B. I., Kosolapov A. F., Pakhomov A. V.
Polymeric Lining of Reinforced Concrete Blocks for Construction of Sewers
Summary
Increasing volumes of the construction of underground tunnels and sewers at practically unchanging structure of their lining lead to the accumulation of emergency stock which at present reached the critical level. A brief analysis of basic reasons for emergency situations taking place in underground tunnels and sewers is presented. Structures and technologies of fabrication of polymeric linings for construction of sewage tunnels with due regard for wastewater composition and aggressive factors influencing on the lining have been studied. The most perspective material for lining fabrication is fiberglass plastic. The most perspective technologies of fabrication of fiberglass plastic linings for high-precision reinforced concrete blocks intended for construction of sewers are proposed.
Key words
high-precision reinforced concrete block , sewer , fiberglass plastic , facing panel , polymeric lining
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UDC 628.27
Vasilyev V. M., Morozov G. V., Zhukov S. V.
Problems in sewer network operation and ways of their elimination
Summary
The main problems arising during the operation of sewer networks – blockages, network deterioration and odors are highlighted. The causes of their occurrence are considered and methods of their elimination are proposed. Under the conditions of Russia blockages are most likely to occur as a result of errors in design and erection. These are violation of the pipe turnout grade, pipe diameter mismatch, turnout grade fault because of soil movement, unsatisfactory state of sewer and pipeline failure. Design and erection errors and low cultural level of the users of the sewer system can lead to the emission of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Any blockage in the sewerage system is accompanied by foul odor above ground that is explained by the emission of hydrogen sulfide. By using advanced computer aids it is possible to keep account of all the factors that affect the useful life of sewers. Systematization of the obtained data and its further use provide for extending the pipe life and reduce the expenditures for renovation and maintenance of sewers. The paper is written on the basis of designing and operating the sewer networks in Saint-Petersburg.
Key words
pipeline , odor , sewer , sewerage system , clogging , microbiologic corrosion , sewer network deterioration , soil failure
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UDC 628.247:620.193
Mironchik G. M., Kelmi V. A., Derbenev S. Yu.
Sewer concrete and reinforced concrete structure failure under the impact of corrosive environment
Summary
The factors causing gas corrosion of sewer reinforced concrete structures are considered. The equipment for on-line monitoring of corrosion processes at the facilities operating in a corrosive environment is suggested. The experience of installing and operating the equipment under the real operation conditions is analyzed. Including the provisions on mandatory monitoring corrosion processes at the facilities into the relative regulatory documents will ensure receiving on-line reliable data on the condition of the facilities; making adequate decisions on countermeasures; improving the operational safety and saving repair costs.
Key words
sewer , corrosion , fracture velocity meter , operational safety
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UDC 628.147.22:576.8
Vasilyev V. M., PANKOVA G. A., Stolbikhin Iu. V.
Deterioration of sewage tunnels and in-line structures as a result of microbiologic corrosion
Summary
The process of microbiology corrosion of sewers and structures was considered; corrosion protection is a most expensive issue in operating wastewater facilities. General cost of rehabilitating corroded structures amounts to billions euro annually. The present-day concept of a complicated microbiologic corrosion process affected by a great number of different factors such as higher turbulence, and as a result high degree of wastewater flow degassing, is presented. The main indicator of the problem, i. e. concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the ambient air of the structure, is determined. The results of sewer wells inspection in St. Petersburg and their analysis are presented. The high rate of corrosion and extreme operating conditions of No. 10 sewer well are recorded.
Key words
wastewater , sewer , microbiologic corrosion , reinforced concrete
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УДК 621.644.075.004.6
Kuznetsov V. N., Tutubalina M. V.
Economic methods of network renovation under the conditions of a megacity
Summary
Searching for the methods of rehabilitation of utility networks has become a top priority task for «Vodokanal» MUE in the process of planning the operational program of replacing the old pipelines and carrying out repair works. After the comprehensive analysis of the cost of replacing water pipelines and sewers in the cluttered urban environments it was decided to introduce innovations that could provide for the network renovation with minimum expenses for improvements. The arguments are put forward in favor of the use of trenchless technologies of water and sewage pipelines rehabilitation in the city of Ekaterinburg. During the tests of the technologies their advantages and disadvantages were revealed. The conditions of the economic viability of using trenchless technologies are recommended.
Key words
siphon , water supply network , sewer , sewerage network , polymer liner , trenchless renovation of pipelines
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