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UDC 628.171.033:681.121
Filatov A. I.
The effect of the large-scale introduction of water meters in residential properties
Summary
The analysis of the effect of installing domestic and residential water meters on the water consumption is presented. A graphical chart is recommended for planning the water sales volume under the conditions of large-scale installation of residential water meters.
Key words
water consumption , domestic and residential water meter , planning the amount of water sales
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UDC 628.1/.2.033:543.3
Kuznetsov V. N., Krotova E. E.
Strict control as a method of improving industrial effluent quality
Summary
The information on the activities of the water management service of Ekaterinburg Vodokanal that is supervising the quality of the effluents discharged by the industrial enterprises into the public sewer is presented. One of the economic tasks of the water management service is obtaining a financial source for paying off the expenses of the enterprise that are related to the violation of the regulations of effluent quality discharged into a water body. «Vodokanal» MUE is not generating pollution; however the enterprise is compelled by the law to bear the responsibility for the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Therefore charging the customers for exceeding the permissible pollutant concentrations is an important economic task that allows reducing the burden of environmental payments of the enterprise. Tackling this problem successively provided for the situation in Ekaterinburg when the customers ensure meeting the set regulations, take measures to reduce the amount of wastewater discharged into the public sewer (by introducing advanced technologies and industrial wastewater treatment systems), maintain in a worthy condition the on-site sewers.
Key words
water consumption , water disposal , water management inspectorate , wastewater amount reduction , sustainable use of water resources
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UDC 628.17
Danilov A. N., Hyamyalyainen M. M., Karabenin M. S., JUDIN M. Iu.
Water consumption dynamics in big Russian cities by the example of St. Petersburg
Summary
The common task of the water and wastewater utilities is efficient operation of the public water supply and wastewater disposal systems. To perform the task one should know the demand for the produced and supplied resource. The best indicator of the water demand is the specific water consumption by the population. Lately a steady decrease in water consumption in the Russian cities has been observed. Now the actual values of the specific water consumption by the population is lower compared to the set regulated values. The observed dynamics of this indicator demands a detailed study. To do this the factors that could affect the water consumption level were selected. On the basis of selecting the data on the domestic water consumption in Saint-Petersburg and the number of residents the specific water consumption values were calculated. The calculations provided for determining and substantiating the dependence of the specific water consumption by the population on the following factors: capital repairs in the apartment houses (including the plumbing), occupancy density and the age of the residents.
Key words
water consumption , operation expenditures , centralized water supply , strategic planning , specific domestic cold water consumption , reliability of distribution network operation
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UDC 628.173.001.2
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Aleshina E. V., Korchagin K. A., Geraskina I. Yu.
Analysis of Dependence of Water Consumption in Moscow on Outside-Air Temperature
Summary
To improve the accuracy of forecast of operation of a centralized water supply system the study of influence of ambient temperature on consumption of water of potable quality by the city has been conducted. From 2009 specialists of the Moscow State Unitary Enterprise Mosvodokanal (MSUE) make every day a forecast of daily water consumption in the city and also planning of daily and hourly water supply to the city by water supply facilities, thanks to it they managed to reduce considerably electric power expenses. The coefficient of water consumption growth for Moscow outside the zone of temperature comfort (over 25 ºC) has been determined. The data obtained make it possible to improve the accuracy of water consumption forecast and to designate optimal conditions of water supply to the city.
Key words
water consumption , centralized water supply , control arrangements , ambient temperature , weather anomaly
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UDC 628.1
GALPERIN E. M.
On hydraulic calculations of a loop water distribution network
(to be discussed)
Summary
During the operation a loop water distribution network is subject to both disturbing impact and control activities. Disturbing impact aims at changing the state of the network. At that the operating personnel try to maintain the network in 100% working conditions at minimum costs by the control activities. Disturbing impact is caused by water consumption alterations and pipeline failures that arise stochastically. In the process of hydraulic designing water consumption variations are simulated with so called specific modes chosen at the most crucial moments of the water network operation. Hydraulic calculations of the specific modes are carried out provided the network is in complete function. The model of a loop water distribution network operation does not take into account the disturbing impact of failures. The construction rules and regulations determine only the level of the network operation in case of a single section cutoff. For simulating the process of failure occurrence and elimination the use of the mathematical tools of a queue system is suggested. The calculations show that at the existing water network failure rate and repair time the loop water distribution network is in non-operating condition at least for three and more weeks over a year. The procedure of hydraulic calculation of a loop water distribution network with account of occurring failures and repair time is suggested.
Key words
water consumption , hydraulic design , loop water distribution network , state of failure , repair time , regulating facilities
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DOI 10.35776/MNP.2020.02.08
UDC 628.144:614.842.62:006.015.7
Primin Oleg
Optimization of the choice of diameters of the pipelines
in the water distribution network considering the fire safety
Summary
With the arrangement of combined drinking water and fire water supply systems, the importance of the distribution network increases even more, since additional functions are assigned to provide for the transportation of large amounts of water for firefighting. Meeting the firefighting requirements in conditions of a significant reduction in water consumption in most cities of Russia leads to negative consequences associated with low (0.1–0.3 m/s and less) flow rates and stagnation of water in some sections of the distribution network. Thereby, the organoleptic properties of water may deteriorate expressed in the appearance of flavors, unpleasant odors, increased turbidity and color, etc. In this regard, measures are required to optimize the choice of pipe diameters, to ensure and maintain the required quality of transported water in outdoor urban and distribution networks, and to guarantee meeting the required fire extinguishing standards. The research results and hydraulic calculations for assessing the minimum permissible water flow rates and minimum pipe diameters of submain networks are given taking into account the provision of external and internal firefighting. The tests were carried out in real conditions of the municipal water supply ring main in high- and low-pressure zones.
Key words
water consumption , flow rate , water supply network , head , water supply system , firefighting , velocity , nodal abstraction
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UDC 628.173:681.121
Filatov A. I.
Swings and Roundabouts of Door-to-Door Accounting of Water Consumption
SUMMARY
The installation of flat’s water meters in residential buildings makes it possible, other things being equal, to reduce water consumption by 1,8–2,2 times. Reduction in water consumption in building after installation of the flat’s water meters does not lead to adequate reduction of consumers expenditures for payment for water. Reduction of the consumer expenditures will be significant only at the initial stage of introduction of door-to-door accounting of water consumption.
Key words
leakages , water consumption , tariff , flat’s water meters , water supply networks , saving
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UDC 628.17
Abilov Fazil Adil ogly, Agarzaiev Tural Mazakhir ogly
Losses in the water supply system of Greater Baku and measures on their elimination
Summary
The population of Azerbaijan numbers more than 9.5 million people; half of the population is supplied with drinking water from the public water supply system. The water supply of Greater Baku (Baku city, Sumgait city and Apsheron) is carried out from five sources. In some communities water leakages reach 40–50%. Water losses in the distribution networks result in increases in operational expenses and reduction of the water network integrity. Water losses in the networks are mainly due to the following: commercial losses – illegal connections; physical losses – leakages; losses at calculations – water meter errors. The results of theoretical studies and practical measures on eliminating leakages in water distribution networks are presented. All the technical data is based on the actual information obtained from the relative water supply system maintenance departments of «Azersu» JSC.
Key words
leakages , surface water source , water consumption , water supply system , water meter
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UDC 628.1/3
Danilov A. N., KINEBAS A. K., Rublevskaya O. N., Gvozdev V. A.
Development of water supply and wastewater disposal technologies to supply Saint-Petersburg with clean water and protect the environment of the Baltic Sea Region
Summary
The description of process solutions applied by SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» for the development of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems in the XXI century is presented. Advanced technologies are the tools for achieving the core targets of the enterprise – delivering high-quality water supply and wastewater disposal services that will provide for the good living standards for the citizens, sustainable development of the metropolis, development of the water use culture and conservation of the Baltic Sea Marine. The information of the measures that provided for reducing the water consumption, improving the safety and reliability of the water supply of Saint-Petersburg is stated. The measures are highlighted that provided for the purification of 98.6% wastewater amount, allowed to introduce the technology of nutrients removal from wastewater at all the treatment facilities, to solve the problem of sludge utilization. The innovative technologies used in the construction and upgrade of sewers and networks are described. The information on the advanced solutions of snow utilization in the city is presented. The advanced technical solutions, materials and equipment applied at the facilities operated by SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» are the output of the continuous cooperation of the enterprise with domestic manufacturers, scientific and educational institutions, exchange of experience with the Russian and foreign water utilities.
Key words
water consumption , wastewater treatment , water supply-sewerage services , water treatment technologies , water and wastewater systems , sludge treatment
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UDC 628.144.23.001.57
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Aleshina E. V., Bezroukova M. R.
Moscow water supply management: the experience of introducing hydraulic simulation of the water distribution network
Summary
Practical experience of designing, introducing and applying hydraulic simulation of the Moscow water distribution network is presented. In order to optimize the supply and distribution modes the tasks were identified that could be solved with the use of hydraulic calculation software; furthermore the perspectives of improving the water supply system were specified. Hence, the experts of Mosvodokanal OJSC have an advanced tool of analyzing the mode of the municipal water distribution operation.
Key words
water consumption , water supply network , hydraulic modeling , pressure control , optimization of parameters
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