DOI 10.35776/MNP.2019.11.01
UDC 628.11:504.4.054
Pomeliaiko Irina
Water supply of the resorts of Caucasian Mineralnye Vody
Summary
The results of long-term environmental monitoring of water used for household and drinking purposes of the resort towns of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody are presented. The characteristics of river and spring waters are given. The degree and form of their pollution and physiological usefulness are estimated. The causes of pollution of water bodies with heavy metals, oil products, nitrogen-containing compounds are analyzed. The data on the non-compliance of the chemical and microbiological composition of the water being studied with the requirements of regulatory documents is presented. The main factors affecting the pollution of water resources in the region are identified. Direct and indirect problems associated with the water supply of resorts are considered. Recommendations on improving the quality indicators of a number of water sources are given. The monitoring results obtained indicate that the quality of the water used in the resort cities of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody for water supply only partially meets the requirements to the safety, physiological usefulness and organoleptic properties. Consumption of spring water can lead to serious health problems since almost everywhere this water contains: Hg, As, Ba, Pb, Se, Sr, Al, NO2, phosphates, oil products, in concentrations that exceed the MPCs. Microbiological and parasitological standards are significantly exceeded. Analysis of the data of the long-term environmental monitoring allows stating that the situation with water resources in the resort cities of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is close to critical.
Key words
monitoring , centralized water supply , ground water , resorts of Caucasian Mineralnye Vody , springs , pollution
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UDC 628.17
Danilov A. N., Hyamyalyainen M. M., Karabenin M. S., JUDIN M. Iu.
Water consumption dynamics in big Russian cities by the example of St. Petersburg
Summary
The common task of the water and wastewater utilities is efficient operation of the public water supply and wastewater disposal systems. To perform the task one should know the demand for the produced and supplied resource. The best indicator of the water demand is the specific water consumption by the population. Lately a steady decrease in water consumption in the Russian cities has been observed. Now the actual values of the specific water consumption by the population is lower compared to the set regulated values. The observed dynamics of this indicator demands a detailed study. To do this the factors that could affect the water consumption level were selected. On the basis of selecting the data on the domestic water consumption in Saint-Petersburg and the number of residents the specific water consumption values were calculated. The calculations provided for determining and substantiating the dependence of the specific water consumption by the population on the following factors: capital repairs in the apartment houses (including the plumbing), occupancy density and the age of the residents.
Key words
water consumption , operation expenditures , centralized water supply , strategic planning , specific domestic cold water consumption , reliability of distribution network operation
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UDC 628.1.033
Demin A. P.
Changes in the Russian domestic water supply in XXI century
Summary
The data on the provision of the public water services to the housing facilities of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation, on the share of leakages and unaccounted-for-losses in the total water amount supplied to the distribution networks (2001–2011) is presented. Regions with low access of the population to the public water supply and high levels of leakages are identified, e. g. the South and North Caucasian federal districts (around 35%). It is shown that depreciation of the water distribution network (50–70%) results in the increase of water leakages. It was found that underground water use decreased in all the Russian federal districts and now amounts in average to 45% of the total water supply; whereas the share of underground water in the domestic water supply balance stands approximately at the same level. The data on the dynamics of the water pass through pretreatment facilities is presented. The reasons of the significant reduction of specific domestic water consumption throughout the federal districts and regions of Russia for 11 years of the XXI century are stated. The improvement of the domestic water supply sources in most federal regions is noted. The information on the number of polluted underground water areas is presented. The fundamental RF laws and regulations in the field of water and wastewater management passed lately are cited. High priority measures to supply good quality drinking water to the Russian population are suggested, i. e.: developing standardization in the field of water conservation; ensuring the balance between affordability of high quality public services for customers and adequate financing.
Key words
ground water , centralized water supply , water leaks , deterioration of water distribution network , specific water consumption
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UDC 628.173.001.2
Shushkevich E. V., Bastrykin R. I., Aleshina E. V., Korchagin K. A., Geraskina I. Yu.
Analysis of Dependence of Water Consumption in Moscow on Outside-Air Temperature
Summary
To improve the accuracy of forecast of operation of a centralized water supply system the study of influence of ambient temperature on consumption of water of potable quality by the city has been conducted. From 2009 specialists of the Moscow State Unitary Enterprise Mosvodokanal (MSUE) make every day a forecast of daily water consumption in the city and also planning of daily and hourly water supply to the city by water supply facilities, thanks to it they managed to reduce considerably electric power expenses. The coefficient of water consumption growth for Moscow outside the zone of temperature comfort (over 25 ºC) has been determined. The data obtained make it possible to improve the accuracy of water consumption forecast and to designate optimal conditions of water supply to the city.
Key words
water consumption , centralized water supply , control arrangements , ambient temperature , weather anomaly
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.02.01
UDC 628.1.033:658.562
NEFEDOVA E. D., Galaktionova Ol’ga
Multilevel water quality control system in the public water supply system of Saint-Petersburg
Summary
The issues related to the arrangement of the drinking water quality control, including in-process monitoring, in accordance with the current sanitary and sectorial regulations are touched upon. The experience of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» in developing production control programs, selecting control points in the distribution network with account of the risk assessment in case of water quality deterioration at the consumer’s tap, is presented. Initiatives for including into the statutory regulations on the arrangement of production control, the mandatory use of automated water quality control systems for the main indicator values (temperature, turbidity, color, pH, total organic carbon, residual chlorine) are outlined. The amendments will provide for improving the efficiency of the water supply system management, responding promptly to the changes in water composition, and continuously monitoring the state of the system sustainability with the transition to digital technologies («smart water utility»).
Key words
centralized water supply , laboratory tests , in-process monitoring water quality and safety , automated systems of the water quality control , instruments-analyzers for online water quality monitoring
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UDC 614.777:504.062
Terent'ev V. I., Lopatin S. A.
Some aspects of the regulatory support of arranging sanitary protection zones of drinking water sources
Summary
A brief analysis of the statutory and regulatory enactments setting the basic requirements to the arrangement of sanitary protection zones of water sources is presented. Despite the fact that the regulation of water relations is an element of the national policy some regulatory voids exist that account for the low legal status of water bodies used for public water supply. Because of the lack of an integrated regulatory framework of water resources management in the national business policy an efficient system of surface and underground water protection from different kinds of pollution has not been developed. Water factor in many cases produces not positive but negative impact on the human organism. A law making initiative has been formulated on the basis of the legal possibility of improving the status of sanitary protection zones of water sources by extending the list of nature conservation areas and including sanitary protection zones. Extending the list of projects that require continuous monitoring of their sanitary and environmental condition is suggested by including aquifer basins and catchments areas of surface water bodies. Within these areas business and other types of activities shall be limited to the level specified for the sanitary protection zones of water sources. By the example of the Leningrad Region an information chain has been formulated that shall be functioning in favor of the water resources protection that are used for public water supply. Targeting at the development of the draft of the directly effective Federal Law «On the protection of water sources» will provide for enlarging the power of the government authorities of the constituent entities, local authorities; improving essentially the social significance of water sources; redirecting the purpose of the regulatory legal act to ensuring more favorable impact of the water factor on the human health.
Key words
centralized water supply , sanitary protection zone , environmental legislation , catchment area , nature conservation areas , aquifer basin
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UDC 628.1.004.12:061.3
Onishchenko G. G.
Problems of Potable Water Quality in the Russian Federation and Ways of Their Solution
Summary
The main problems of potable water quality in the Russian Federation conditioned by many factors are considered. Among them: poor sanitary-hygienic conditions of surface and underground sources of potable water supply, lack of sanitary protection zones, anthropogenic pollution of natural water bodies, deterioration of water and sewerage networks, et al. To improve potable water supply it is necessary to adopt federal laws and federal target programs, improve the normative-methodological basis concerning water hygiene and sanitary protection of surface and ground water, coordinate activities of services and departments concerned, introduce the methodology for assessing a public health risk from usage the potable water of poor quality, improve the system of social and hygienic monitoring.
Key words
potable water , centralized water supply , standards of water quality , sanitary protection of water sources
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DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.04.01
UDC 628.1
Demin A. P.
The current situation with supplying the population of the Crimean Peninsula with clean drinking water
Summary
The work object was studying the issues of supplying the population of Crimea with clean drinking water after the reunification with the Russian Federation. The studies used statistical materials from Rosvodresursy, Rospotrebnadzor, Krymstat, the Ministry of Ecology and the Ministry of Resorts of the Republic of Crimea. The data on the dynamics of water consumption for drinking and household needs in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is given. An increase in the number of public water supply sources not equipped with a sanitary protection zone is shown. The share of the urban housing stock equipped with running water significantly exceeds the share of the rural housing stock. The growing deterioration of the water supply network is the main reason for the increase of water leaks. In 2014–2020, leaks in the Crimean water supply network increased from 63.2 to 96.8 million m3, or by 53%, and on a per 1 km basis of networks – from 4.7 to 7.4 thousand m3 (57%). There is a decrease in the average daily water consumption per person in the territory of the peninsula and in the main resorts of Crimea. The share of the population and the number of municipalities supplied with imported water is increasing. The deterioration of water quality in the sources of drinking water supply, including in municipalities, is shown. A decrease in the share of the population supplied with safe drinking water was revealed in the Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol. Some proposals for the sustainable water use in the conditions of the growing shortage are given.
Key words
potable water , ground water , centralized water supply , water leaks , deterioration of water distribution network , specific water consumption , municipalities , water quality in the water sources
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