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УДК

S. V. Iakovlev, academician of RAS, educator and scientist

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УДК

80 years of NII VODGEO!

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УДК

Pervov A. G.

S. V. Iakovlev, NII VODGEO and developments in the field of membrane technologies at the turn of the XXI century

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УДК

ALEKSEEV V. S.

S. V. Iakovlev – the first and the last Fellow
of Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of water industry

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UDC 628.161.2

SHVETSOV V. N., MOROZOVA K. M., FESENKO L. N., Skryabin A. Yu., Vergunov A. I.

Chlororganic and bromorganic compounds in drinking water:
methods of their removal

Summary

Pilot tests of biosorption membrane technology that allows reducing trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water by both preventing from their formation and by removing them from treated water were carried out. Biosorption membrane pretreatment of the Don River water provides for 1.4–1.5 reduction of toxic chlororganic and bromorganic compounds formation during post chlorination of water. Advanced water treatment in a biosorption membrane reactor ensures redu­cing the concentration of chlororganic compounds formed during primary chlorination. The average efficiency of redu­cing chloroform concentration in the biosorption membrane reactor was 45%, that of dichlorobromomethane – 82%, and of chlorodibromomethane – 89%, whereas filters provided for 23% chloroform reduction efficiency and 33% of dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane reduction efficiency, respectively. Additional treatment of the Don water in the biosorption membrane reactor after physical and chemical pretreatment provided for the post treatment efficiency (organics removal) of 33% for COD, 35% for permanganate value, and 34.3% for color. At the same time the efficiency of organics removal in filters was 19% for COD, 9% for permanganate value, and 10% for color. The highest post treatment efficiency in both cases was reached for turbidity removal. The efficiency of turbidity reduction in the biosorption membrane reactor was 91%, in filters – 58%. The results of long-term studies carried out for two years in the pilot plant with the Don River water showed that the development of biosorption membrane technologies was a promising direction of improving natural water treatment processes, in particular, for preventing from formation of chlororganic and bromorganic compounds during chlorination.

Key words

powdery activated carbon , natural water treatment , trihalomethanes , biosorption membrane technology , chlororganic and bromorganic compounds

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UDC 628.161.3

Zhurba M. G., Govorova Zh. M., Petrov Iu. V., Govorov O. B.

The technology of water purification from the source in conditions of high anthropogenous impact (substantiation, design, introduction)

Summary

The concept of «efficient water purification» is suggested, the selection criteria are set out. Process flow diagram of water abstraction and purification facilities has been designed including: primary water purification with removal of suspended solids and phytoplankton in prefilters with floating media; chemical water treatment in the process of clarification in lamella plate clarifiers and filtration in two-stage filters with inert and heavy media with regular addition of fine-granulated sorbent between the stages; combined water disinfection with the use of weak sodium hypochlorite solution and uv-radiation. The results of pre-design testing the technology of the Don River (the Bol’shaia Kalancha river arm in conditions of high anthropogenous impact) water purification at the test bench are presented. Chemical free water filtration in prefilter media provides for reducing phytoplankton loading approximately by 26–38% and suspended solids loading by 10–35% at the basic facilities at less than 50 m/h filtration rate. Uniform and efficient mixing and floc formation are provided within 0.5–1.5 and 10–15 minutes, relatively, at the speed of the mixer blade rotation of 185 and 60 rpm and recommended coagulant dosage of 2.5 mg/l (10 mg/l in case of sharp deterioration of the water quality). The operation of a nanofiltration plant during the period of water quality deterioration ensured reducing hardness, total dissolved so­lids, sulfate and chloride concentrations. The basic process parameters of separate units of the process flow scheme that provide for reliable compliance with the standard water purification degree are defined. Based on the study results the recommendations on designing were developed and the water abstraction and purification facilities with a capacity of 150,000 m3/day were designed. At present the facilities are under construction.

Key words

reagent treatment , suspended substances , phytoplankton , natural water , filtration , anthropogenous impact , efficient water purification technology , water abstraction and purification facilities , pre-design testing

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UDC 621.644.2

Orlov V. А., Averkeyev I. A., Khrenov K. E.

Modeling strength properties of inner pipe protective linings

Summary

Lately polymeric spray applied protective linings have been widely used for rehabilitation of old water supply pipelines. Investigations of physical and mechanical properties of Scotchkote™ 169HB polymeric lining spray applied on the inner surface of old water pipes were carried out. In the process of experimental studies Instron 3345 electromechanical tensile testing machine and Ansys software package of finite element analysis were used. In the process of testing a stress model of two-layer pipe structure based on steel pipeline and polymeric lining the following results were drawn: maximum tensile strength of lining 14.95 MPa; flexural yield stress 13.92 MPa; maximum breaking extension 25.57 mm (~ 13%). The strength properties of a steel pipeline with perforation damage were investigated in the process of trenchless rehabilitation with the use of Scotchkote™ 169HB inner lining within the operation range of 0–50 years at 20 °С. With hole diameter enlargement over time to 20 mm the system strength criterion has the value more than 1; herewith the two-layer structure will be age-resistant while providing for the required strength properties for 50 year operation. If the hole diameter is more than 20 mm the strength criterion values less than 1 will be observed which does not ensure the required strength properties of the two-layer pipe structure. The relationships for calculating pipeline strength after the lining application as well as the model itself constructed in the system of Ansys finite element analysis are suggested. This will provide for predicting the behavior of «pipe + Scotchkote™ 169HB protective lining» two-layer structure for various pipeline opera­ting conditions.

Key words

pipeline , trenchless renovation , polymeric lining , physical-mechanical property , computer modeling

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UDC 628.212.2.001.2

Vereshchagina Lidiia, Menshutin Iurii, SHVETSOV V. N.

The experience of using «Recommendations on designing the systems of collection, disposal and treatment of surface runoff from territories allotted for settlement and industrial sites, and on determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies»

Summary

The experience of using «Recommendations on designing the systems of collection, disposal and treatment of surface runoff from territories allotted for settlement and industrial sites, and on determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies» developed at NII VODGEO Federal State Unitary Enterprise in substitution of previous «Temporary re­commendations on designing facilities for processing surface runoff from industrial sites and determining the conditions of its discharge into water bodies» is considered. The high demand for the developed document by the experts in the process of designing and approving project documents on construction and upgrade of engineering structures of storm sewers is noted. The use of advanced methods of calculating surface runoff amount and flow rate provides for minimizing the capacity of the treatment facilities at guaranteed meeting the requirements of the regulations on the conditions of disposal and quality of surface runoff effluents. The list of priority water quality parameters to be guided when choosing a treatment process flow scheme is presented. The basic technical solutions of surface runoff collection, disposal and treatment are formulated. The principle of wastewater flow separation and accumulation is suggested together with the technologies of its engineering implementation that provide for reasonably reducing the investments for the construction of treatment facilities under the existing environmental legislation and design regulatory framework. The need for updating the section on the recommendations on determining the conditions of surface runoff disposal into water bodies that was developed following the amendments to the RF Water Code and enactment of the new regulatory and procedural documents related to developing the regulations on permissible impact on water bodies and permissible discharges for water uses is noted.

Key words

surface runoff , storm sewer , runoff disposal and treatment , environmental legislation , permissible discharge norm

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UDC 628.35.004.4

Noskova I. A., Bazhenov V. I., Epov A. N.

The use of simulation modeling packages for wastewater treatment technologies

Summary

The subjects of the study were: comparative analysis of software packages for simulation modeling of wastewater treatment processes to manage design and operation issues; and also assessment of basic data for the formation of mathematical model inputs. The basic parameters of the description of the most complicated ASM activated sludge models have been analyzed. The results of the studies are represented by the analysis of the examples: distribution of COD fractions under local conditions of Russia and some other countries; typical irregularity of wastewater flow and basic pollutants hourly input; design and measured oxygen uptake rate (OUR); model time calibration process, optimization of the denit­rification zone in aeration tank for MUCT process. The analysis of the advanced software defined GPS-X (Hydromantis, Canada) design software as the most complete and comprehensive product. The suggested technique includes a set of measures: determining COD fractionation with the use of OxiTop (WTW, Germany) analyzer; assessment of basic parameters of irregular basic pollution mass input; respirometry studies; statistic processing of data obtained at the facilities. In the process of simulation modeling the hydrodynamic structure of the wastewater treatment facilities appears as series-connected mixer chambers. The number of chambers is assigned depending on the length and width of the facility, flow velocity, mixing rate, availability of internal baffles, and also inner recycle streams. The simulation model provides for the optimization of the following parameters: zone ratio in the aeration tank, sludge age, dissolved oxygen concentration, recycle ratio values, as well as the parameters of the automatic control system.

Key words

wastewater , biological treatment , mathematic modelling , ASM models , simulation modeling , GPS-X software