Removing carbonate deposits from geothermal heating and hot water supply systems

Summary

The method of removing calcium carbonate deposits from geothermal heating and hot water supply systems is considered. The results of experimental studies of dissolving calcium carbonate deposits in geothermal water in heat-exchange equipment by increasing carbon dioxide partial pressure are presented. On the basis of the conducted experiments a method and a flow scheme of dissolving calcium carbonate deposits that provide for elimination of heat loss with geothermal water used for treatment are suggested.

Key words

geothermal water , calcium carbonate , hot water supply , carbon dioxide , heat exchanger , acidity

Technical and economic aspects of using variable-speed drive in pump units

Summary

The introduction of variable-speed drives is considered as an integral part of the program of reducing pump unit power consumption. Power conservation can be provided both by eliminating pressure excess and by increasing average pump efficiency that can be achieved primarily by pump selection depending on the water and wastewater network operation mode. Pump efficiency depends significantly on the number of operating pumps with variable-speed drives as well as on the algorithms of their interaction with non-controlled pumps. The examples of calculating energy saving and investments for two pump units are presented. The decision on the volume of investments in variable-speed drive retrofit and pump unit upgrade shall be taken on the basis of a business project.

Key words

adjustable electric drive , water supply , pump , power consumption , water disposal , excessive head , power saving