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UDC 504.06:628.5
Ponomareva L. S.
On the Issue of Payment for Pollution of Water Objects
Summary
Issues of the definition of payment base and amounts of payment for pollution of water objects from of validity and justice positions are considered. The modified approach to definition of payment base on the basis of comparability and general control over water quality indices is offered. Instead of deciphering of water chemical composition the brief list of compositions and properties characteristics reflecting the negative influence on water objects – mineralization (salt content), transparency and turbidity, eutrophy, oxygen and heat conditions, general radioactivity and toxic effects – is offered. Coefficients of the reduction of chemical indices and formulas of calculation by temperature and toxicity for definition of the value of water resources depletion as a result of pollution limiting or excluding their authorized use for specific purposes are proposed. Feasible methods of the cost estimate of the value of water resources depletion with corrective coefficients defining the degree of resistance of wastewater to biological decomposition in a water object and the degree of danger brought to light on the basis of comparison of the level of water resources depletion by a concrete discharge with a real diluting capability of a concrete water object near the discharge range are presented. It is requested to test the approach proposed and compare the results obtained with amounts of payments collected now.
Key words
polluting substance , standard of allowable discharge , water objects pollution , maximum permissible concentration , water quality index , technological rate setting , payment base
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UDC 628.35
Kevbrina M. V., Gavrilin A. M., Dorofeev A. G., KOZLOV M. N., Aseyeva V. G.
Best available technologies of wastewater treatment: implementation experience of «Mosvodokanal» JSC
Summary
Owing to the transfer to process standardization from 2019 (Federal Law No. 219-FZ) natural resource users are bound to introduce the best available technologies. Advanced technologies of municipal wastewater treatment ensuring the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus have been used in Russia at less than 10% of the wastewater treatment facilities. When transferring to process standardization many water utilities will face the problem of upgrading wastewater treatment facilities. Successful practical experience of water utilities where BATs have been already used at wastewater treatment facilities will be useful for choosing the optimal process flow scheme. The introduction of advanced wastewater treatment methods has been a priority task for «Mosvodokanal» JSC. For a long period the company has developed and adapted to the conditions of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities the process flow scheme of wastewater treatment with the removal of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) which is the best available technology. This made it possible to introduce this technology at the Lyuberetskie and Kuryanovskie wastewater treatment facilities – the largest and extremely large-scale facilities as well as at small- and mid-scale wastewater treatment plants in Minzag and Shchapovo settlements (Prefecture of Troitsky and Novomoskovsky Administrative Districts, Moscow). Experts of «Mosvodokanal» JSC developed a pre-design concept of the reconstruction of the aeration tanks at the treatment facilities of Cherepovets and the local treatment facilities of the Optina Pustyn monastery (Kozelsk, Kaluga Region) with the introduction of nutrients removal technology. The practical experience gained in «Mosvodokanal» JSC shows that the best available technologies have been developed, can be introduced and operate successfully.
Key words
best available techniques , sewerage treatment facilities , technological rate setting , wastewater biological treatment , nitrogen and phosphorus
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UDC 349.6:628.1/.3
Sapozhnikova V. A.
About the Necessity of Legislation Enhancement in Order to Stimulate the Formation and Development of Environmental Services Sector for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Russia
Summary
The intensive development of the global market of environmental services, water supply and wastewater treatment services constitute a considerable proportion, is one of macroeconomic tendencies. Foreign experts note the underdevelopment of this sector in Russia. The issues of functioning and prospects of development of the environmental services sector for water supply and wastewater treatment in Russia with due regard for legal and organizational aspects are considered. Key obstacles to the development of ecological industry and innovations (imperfection of the legislation and institutional environment, the scantiness of investment activity of private investors) are identified. Suggestions about the need to take legislative, administrative and organizational measures to stimulate the development of the environmental services sector for water supply and wastewater treatment are made.
Key words
water supply , wastewater treatment , pollutants , technological rate setting , environmental services , investment project
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UDC 628.31:502.1
Bagaev Iurii, Gundyreva Tat’iana, Shipulin Roman
Specific features of the transition to the process regulation of public wastewater disposal systems
Summary
The results of the analysis of proposed laws and regulations in furtherance of the legislation on process regulation of public wastewater disposal systems are presented. Pros and cons of the new regulation system are considered. The necessity of revising the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in effluent discharged into a water body is substantiated. The problem of excessive environmental requirements to effluent discharges that had been in power for many years in the country did not lose relevance in 2019. Permissible concentrations of substances discharged into water bodies remained on average two times tighter than in European countries. The purpose of the work was to substantiate proposals for amending approved and developing regulatory legal acts. To achieve this goal domestic and European legislation related to the process regulation was analyzed and compared. The existing system of dividing water bodies into categories is unnecessarily complicated and has an obvious imbalance (up to 95%) towards fisheries and standards; therefore it is proposed to approve three categories of water bodies to establish standards for the discharge of effluents from public wastewater disposal systems: premium fisheries category, primary fisheries category, public household category with evaluation criteria according to the existing methodology.
Key words
best available techniques , technological rate setting , public wastewater disposal systems , standard for discharge into a water body , water body categories
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UDC 628.31
Pokhil Yu. N., Pupyrev E. I., Bagaev Iurii, Bivalkevich A. I.
The specific features of introducing the principle of best available technologies in municipal wastewater treatment
Summary
The aspects of implementing the principle of best available technologies in municipal wastewater treatment are considered. The analysis of the techniques of determining the permissible concentrations of pollutants discharged into the water bodies is presented. The classification of typical technologies of municipal wastewater treatment is given. Based on the summary data on the best available technologies the levels of basic pollutants removal from municipal wastewater are presented. The priority of introducing process-oriented regulatory actions for public utilities in 2012 is pointed out. The quality parameters of effluents discharged into the water bodies with account of their condition are suggested as technically achievable and sufficient for being observed environmental standards.
Key words
pollutants , best available techniques , technological rate setting , municipal wastewater , temporary agreed discharge
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UDC 628.15:504.054
Bagaev Iurii, Shipulin Roman, Gundyreva Tat’iana
Reforming the system of wastewater discharge regulation –
an absolute necessity
Summary
The existing system of regulating wastewater discharges has a number of essential faults and requires revision. It is wise to compile the list of regulated pollutants on principle of ensuring the standard water quality of the water body at the monitoring section downstream of the discharge outlet. It is suggested to limit this list by excluding substances with the concentrations less than 0.3 MPC. The optimal alternative is differentiating microbiological parameters of the discharge by the type and ecological state of the receiving waters. Provision 6.1 of Appendix 1 «Methods of determining maximum permissible discharge of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users» declaring that discharging substances not included into the approved list is prohibited shall be excluded. The attempts to establish maximum stringent discharge standards according to the existing regulation system result in ineffective investing big financial means in advanced effluent treatment. By analogy with foreign countries it would be reasonable to introduce regulation on technological principle with due account for the ecological state of receiving waters. The recommended technological standards for municipal effluent discharges as applied to three categories of water bodies are presented: water courses with intensive water exchange; water reservoirs and low water courses; water courses exposed to eutrophication. Adoption and approval of the suggested technological standards are very important for the water and wastewater utilities.
Ключевые слова
wastewater , standard of allowable discharge , pollutants , technological rate setting , discharge regulation , technological effluent standards
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